Spatial order through the family: the regulation of urban space in Singapore

This article examines the regulation of urban public space through a study of the role of the family unit in past and present urban development in Singapore. Since the founding of modern Singapore 50 years ago, the nuclear family has remained the preferred social institution for state policies and subsequent regulation of education, housing, employment, health, leisure, social welfare and even neighborhood development. Drawing on primary government documents and field work and interviews with current and displaced small business owners on a commercial street in Chinatown, the article demonstrates how a “softer” version of spatial regulation emerged from an intersection of state commercial development policies that favored small, family-owned businesses and the extension of a family-based moral social order applied to the surrounding public spaces. The result is the regulation of Chinatown’s streets and sidewalks became inextricably bound up with the everyday operations of family-run businesses. More recently, state interest in creating an entertainment-based global Singapore has jeopardized this arrangement, as corporate gentrification threatens to displace family ownership of small businesses.     

地理与认知邻近对高技术产业集群创新影响——以我国软件产业集群为典型案例

多维邻近性是近些年国际学术界在区域创新及产业集群方向新的研究视角。本文首先从多维邻近视角出发探讨了地理邻近、认知邻近对高技术产业集群创新的影响机制,并据此提出4个待验假设;进而以我国国家级软件产业园产业集群为典型案例进行实证分析,并创造性地使用人工神经网络为前导的OLS回归分析方法对待验假设进行双重递进检验。实证结果显...     

Competitive Adjustment and Advancement in Global Commodity Chains II: The Case of the Singapore Garment Industry

This is the second part of a contribution to the debate on the possibilities of leveraging economic globalisation — through incorporation in international production networks and global commodity chains (GCCs) — as a strategy for developing countries to industrialise and advance their position in the world economy. In the first part, we analysed the experience of the East Asian apparel industry and addressed the issues of sustaining positions, upgrading to more rewarding roles, and advancing to less dependent positions within production networks and GCCs. We developed an analytical framework at both the firm and industry levels, and subsequently identified alternative firm- and industry-level strategies and trajectories. The present paper deals with these issues in the context of the Singapore apparel industry. Based on extensive empirical research, we demonstrate that although the East Asian experience of upgrading and repositioning within the GCC is to some extent emulated in the case of the Singapore apparel industry, the outcomes have been less favourable in terms of the depth, extent and strength of these trajectories. The differing outcomes can be explained in terms of different (systemic) conditions in the Singapore business environment, including the agency of local players, the geography of sourcing networks, and the role of the state and prevailing business attitudes. Our conclusions merit continued attention in both research and policy circles on the development of capabilities at the firm level, and the role of local business and institutional environments in local industry development processes under globalisation.     

Urban Redevelopment and the Forced Eviction of Lighters from the Singapore River

This paper examines the causes and impact of the "evictionr" of the lighterage industry from the Singapore River in 1983. For more than 160 years, the lighterage industry served the traditional Entrepôt trade interests of Singapore from its base along the Singapore River. In 1983, all cargo–carrying lighters operating from the river were forced to relocate to new facilities at Pasir Panjang as a direct consequence of the Singapore government's broader economic agenda to speedily industrialise and modernise the island state. State policy unequivocally linked slum clearance and city redevelopment with its economic programme. As Singapore's economy grew and diversified through the 1970s it became less reliant on the commerce of the entrepôt trade, and the lighterage industry, already struggling to compete with technological changes in sea transport, found itself left without a bargaining position and standing in the path of economic development and urban renewal. While the economic success that Singapore has enjoyed over the past several decades seems to vindicate the state's relentless drive for urban renewal, it often overshadows the impact of the state's policies on individuals. For those working in the industry, eviction led to social and economic hardship as business declined and individuals struggled to adapt to their new work environment.     

A crack in the facade? Situating Singapore in global flows of electronic waste

Singapore is alleged to be a key node in global flows of e‐waste prohibited under the Basel Convention. We combine a close reading of the Convention and related documents with findings from nonparticipant observation of and interviews with Singapore‐based traders of discarded electronics. The case offers both important conceptual and empirical findings for future studies of territory in market‐making activity. Conceptually, our research suggests that it may be analytically useful in such studies to conceptualize territory without presupposing that it is generated as a result of separate domains or logics such as ‘the political’ or ‘the economic’. Empirically, we find that the regulatory framework of the Convention, combined with the action of traders based in Singapore, generates a territorialization of the city‐state such that it operates as a crack in the regulatory edifice of the Convention, even as Singapore lawfully fulfils its obligations to it. Moreover, allegations premised on the role of Singapore as a facilitator of global e‐waste dumping misrepresent its crucial role as a conduit of electronic equipment for the significant reuse markets elsewhere in Southeast Asia and beyond. The case indicates that the allegations against Singapore hinge on the city‐state being territorialized as a ‘developing country’.     

Contesting ‘Local’ Commemoration of the Second World War: the case of the Changi Chapel and Museum in Singapore

This paper concerns the performance of national war memory at the Changi Chapel and Museum, a site honouring the many prisoners interned in Japanese-Occupied Singapore—especially at Changi—during the Second World War. In the light of the global nature of ‘the Changi story’, and the predominantly transnational nature of its present in situ memorialisation, we first examine how the Singapore state has sought to ‘localise’ the site to make it equally appealing to Singaporeans, as a place where a sense of their ‘shared history’ may be invoked. We then explore the Singaporeans' views about the site and its reconfiguration as a national icon, arguing how the state's task of ‘localising’ the site has been a vexed process due to myriad factors such as ethnic and religious plurality, and the already foreign-centric bias of prevailing knowledge about Changi. Following that, we show how this performance of national memory is also inflected by Australia's national remembrance of the same event. More broadly, we highlight the contested process of ‘localising’ such war memoryscapes as national iconography, suggesting how it may be more fruitful to conceive them as ‘international memoryscapes’, or places to which all individuals can relate regardless of race or national affiliations.     

人力资源开发对焦作市经济发展影响的实证研究

可持续发展是人类对自身与环境关系发展的一种新的战略.知识经济时代实现经济可持续发展必须依靠人力资源开发.焦作市作为一个内陆城市,过去依靠开发矿产资源发展经济,近几年由于地下矿产资源几近枯竭,环境污染严重,其可持续发展面临严峻的挑战.通过对焦作市人力资源现状特征分析,及人力资源开发对焦作市经济发展影响的实证研究,得出焦作市人力资源开发中存在的问题并提出相应的政策建议.     

区域性中心城市物流集群发展研究

物流业的发展对于区域性中心城市经济的发展起着至关重要的作用。已有省市提出了把物流的发展作为经济增长的发动机,很多区域性中心城市也把物流业作为经济增长的带动产业。文章分析了区域性中心城市发展物流产业集群的依据及优势,提出了该中心城市发展物流集群的必要条件,并对其物流企业之间的组织和合作关系进行了研究。     

经济全球化变革下的世界经济地理与中国角色

经济全球化浪潮下的世界经济地理格局和中国角色演变一直以来都是学术界关注的热点问题,然而当前学界偏重从国家经济模式和国际贸易角度来解释这种格局的变化,而较为缺乏基于生产组织视角的经济地理解释。因此,本文从经济地理视角出发,解析经济全球化浪潮下世界经济地理格局变动与中国角色的演变。本文揭示了在三次全球化浪潮的冲击下,世界经济地理格局从“核心—边缘”到“链式重构”再到“网络不均衡”的演变过程,以及经济全球化的驱动力如何从“贸易全球化”转变为“生产全球化”,继而朝“多元全球化”演进。本文还论述了中国如何通过战略耦合模式的动态调整实现从经济全球化的参与者到变革者的转变。本文认为这种角色转变,改变了西方发达经济体对后发经济体的预设发展路径,以及经典的产业梯度转移理论所预测的空间秩序,为全球化格局的变动带来新的重构动力与可能。最后,本文结合此次新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情全球爆发带来的影响对未来经济全球化发展存在的可能路径进行分析,并从经济地理学视角为中国未来经济全球化发展道路选择提供了参考建议。     

产业集群与县域经济发展——以新野县为例

产业集聚不仅仅是一种地理空间邻近现象,更是企业保持不败竞争、区域保证强劲发展优势的重要策略.新野县是我国中部欠发达地区一个经济快速发展的县级地域单元,其棉纺织产业是以传统资源为依托的劳动密集型产业,在国内占有重要地位.通过回顾区域发展理论,从产业集群视角对新野县棉纺织产业进行实证分析.探讨了产业集群的壮大对欠发达县域经济发展的重大作用.研究表明,产业集群的培育和发展带来巨大的乘数效应,不仅调整、优化了产业结构,提升了工业化质量,而且促进了城乡良性互动发展.     

MAKING SUSTAINABLE CREATIVE/CULTURAL SPACE IN SHANGHAI AND SINGAPORE*

ABSTRACT. Shanghai and Singapore are two economically vibrant Asian cities that have recently adopted creative/cultural economy strategies. In this article I examine new spatial expressions of cultural and economic interests in the two cities: state‐vaunted cultural edifices and organically evolved cultural spaces. I discuss the simultaneous precariousness and sustainability of these spaces, focusing on Shanghai's Grand Theatre and Moganshan Lu and on Singapore's Esplanade—Theatres by the Bay and Wessex Estate. Their cultural sustainability is understood as their ability to support the development of indigenous content and local idioms in artistic work. Their social sustainability is examined in terms of the social inclusion and community bonds they engender; environmental sustainability refers to the articulation with the language of existing urban forms and the preservation of or improvements to the landscape. Although both Shanghai and Singapore demonstrate simultaneous precariousness and sustainability, Singapore's city‐state status places greater pressure on it to ensure sustainability than does Shanghai, within a much larger China in which Beijing serves as the cultural hearth while Shanghai remains essentially a commercial center.     

Managing the Smart City-State: Singapore Approaches the 21st Century1

Singapore has a remarkable reputation for its successful deployment of limited resources and for its strength and stability even during Asia's current economic crisis. Widespread recognition and attempts by other countries and cities at emulation of some of the strategies it has adopted have confirmed that Singapore has achieved longstanding aspirations for excellence in many areas. As Singapore positions itself to enter the new millennium the government's distinctive and sometimes controversial corporate management style is evidenced in its approach to such matters as growing the economy, enhancing the physical infrastructure, constraining residential segregation, and encouraging increased family size to enhance domestic labour supply. Sometimes it is the means of achieving the desired ends which attracts criticism, at others it is the goals themselves which are questioned. This paper examines some of the features of Singapore's drive to enhance its regional and global role in vastly different circumstances from those which confronted the same government at internal independence in 1959 and full independence in 1965.     

河西走廊产业园区集群化发展机理研究——基于扎根理论分析

基于扎根理论研究产业园区集群化发展现状与存在问题。研究发现,园区集群化发展需要园区企业有效利用其显性契约、强化关系契约,提升联合规划、联合解决问题的能力;提升河西走廊产业园区集群化发展水平要运用组织生态学中的内外因视角发现问题,使外因为内因变化提供更好的环境;依照产业园区集群化发展模型,增强企业根植性、创新性和开放性,强化园区企业契约关系,推动集群向创新集群发展。     

The Singapore River thematic zone: sustainable tourism in an urban context

This paper explores the concept of sustainable tourism and how it applies to urban destinations such as Singapore. As tourism is an important industry in Singapore, in terms of employment, business activity and an income generator, the Singapore Tourism Board is continuously looking at potential avenues to make Singapore a competitive destination. We examine the use of thematic zones in Singapore as a strategy to achieve its ambition of becoming a tourism capital of the world. By focusing on a case study of the Singapore River thematic zone (one of the 11 thematic zones identified by the Singapore Tourism Board), we assess the viability of thematic zones in ensuring sustainable urban tourism. The paper closes with some theoretical reflections and policy implications arising from our key findings.     

对知识经济时代区域研究的思考

论述区域研究在知识经济时代 ,它的内涵更加丰富 ,其研究方法将由传统方式迈向现代化 ,区域研究将按照经济和社会发展的需求进行更加深刻的研究 ,其主要方向有 :区域差异研究 ,区域可持续发展研究 ,区域创新环境研究 ,区域演变机制研究等     

“特色全球城市”目标下的新加坡河滨水空间再生与启示

本文尝试在新加坡经济发展与转型的基本背景下,理解新加坡建设“特色全球城市”的目标;探讨在该目标的驱动下曾一度衰落的新加坡河滨河区如何实现空间功能的转变与再生,成为兼具社会开放性与包容性、全球化与本土化的空间载体,并推动新加坡城市的可持续发展与“特色全球城市”目标的实现;最后总结了其对于“建设美丽中国”目标下中国城市滨水空间开发的借鉴与启示。     

山区农业土地利用模式的设计

本文分析了市场经济条件下我国山区农业可持续发展所面临的问题 ,提出了山区农业土地利用模式的构想。指出影响我国山区农业土地利用模式的因素主要包括自然地理因素、市场因素和土地制度因素 ,特别是市场因素和土地制度因素对于农业土地利用模式设计的影响在新的历史时期尤为突出 ;强调山区农业土地利用模式设计必须遵循自然地带规律性、与农业经济多样化和规模经营相结合、与开拓产品市场相结合的原则 ;以河南省洛宁县为例具体说明了山区农业土地利用模式设计的技术路线。     

粤港澳大湾区城市群旅游经济协调发展的空间格局及演化研究

通过对粤港澳大湾区城市间旅游经济收入的联系状态、增长状态和差异状态的量化分析,探究粤港澳大湾区城市群旅游经济协调发展程度的空间格局及演化趋势,得出粤港澳大湾区内部城市的旅游经济协调发展度,研究结果显示粤港澳大湾区的旅游经济协调发展总体呈良好上升态势,集中表现在:(1)粤港澳大湾区城市旅游经济收入存在空间正相关性,且出现一定的聚集特征。(2)广州、深圳的旅游经济增长关联度较高,对大湾区内其他城市的旅游经济增长具有较好的促进作用。(3)各城市的旅游收入增长差距逐渐缩小,旅游经济向更加均衡的方向发展。(4)大部分城市的旅游经济协调发展水平逐渐提高,其中广州最高,中山最低。     

中国智力资源空间分布及其影响因素研究

现代社会已步入知识经济时代。知识经济显著特点就在于信息、知识等各种类型的智力资源取代工业经济的资本上升成为新的、决定性的终极资源和核心生产要素。在研究智力资源涵义的基础上，选取了投入、产出、环境支持、智力资源4个系统30个不同指标，运用数理统计方法中的因子分析来定量研究中国智力资源空间分布特点，从而进一步分析出影响中国智力资源的空间分布的4个主要因素：经济发展程度、行政区标准问题、历史因素和区域文化模式不同。     

演化经济地理学视角下旅游目的地研究述评及启示

由于旅游目的地系统的多元和综合属性,其研究内容往往呈现跨学科的属性,涵盖地理学、经济学、管理学、社会学等多个领域。20世纪90年代以来,以进化论和复杂系统论为理论基础,强调历史过程和空间异质性的演化经济地理学,因其超越原有的单线逻辑的叙事而受到旅游研究者的关注。作为旅游目的地研究的新范式和新理论,演化经济地理学被应用于旅游目的地的演化路径和演化动力机制,并为其提供了“结构—过程”分析视角。而另一方面,中国旅游目的地的发展及演变,和西方发达国家的经验有着较大区别,只有在充分立足于中国旅游目的地的实际状况和基本国情的基础上,才能够更好地构建“中国特色”的旅游目的地理论体系,探索更为多元化的旅游研究方法。加强与政治经济学和制度经济学研究的结合能够为中国的旅游实践提供较为宏观尺度的政策分析视角,进而有助于旅游公共服务体系的转型升级;加强中微观层面的多尺度耦合机制和多元主体行为研究,将有助于探索不同利益相关者参与下中国旅游目的地的可持续发展路径。