晚型星红外谱拟合的线性化方法

本文针对晚型星红外辐射的一些模型，讨论相应的拟合方法，对有拱星壳层的晚型星的双黑体模型，给出了具体的拟合方法－线性化方法，最后我们就拟合结果及拟合程序编制方面讨论了线性化方法的优缺点。     

晚型星红外谱拟合的线性化方法

本文针对晚型星红外辐射的一些模型，讨论相应的拟合方法。对有拱星壳层的晚型星的双黑体模型，给出了具体的拟合方法──线性化方法。最后我们就拟合结果及拟合程序编制方面讨论了线性化方法的优缺点。     

Herbig Ae／Be星的尘埃壳层形态研究

我们使用Ｋｕｒｕｃｚ恒星大气模型以及黑体模型对２２颗ＨｅｒｂｉｇＡｅ／Ｂｅ星的紫外数据，ＩＲＡＳ观测数据，地面光学及近红外测光数据资料等进行了拟合计算，用能量平衡方法进行了统计分析得出ＨｅｒｂｉｇＡｅ／Ｂｅ星的尘埃壳层为盘状的结论。     

内禀和外赋AGB星的重核素丰度分析

以１３Ｃ（α,ｎ）１６Ｏ及２２Ｎｅ（α,ｎ）２５Ｍｇ作为双脉冲中子源,对于低质量ＡＧＢ星,采用无分叉ｓ－过程反应通道,结合最近恒星演化的计算结果,在各物理参量合理取值范围内,计算了ＡＧＢ星Ｈｅ壳层内,表面重核素的丰度,在此基础上将星风吸积模型同内禀ＡＧＢ星核合成模型结合起来计算外赋ＡＧＢ星重元素的超丰。     

内禀和外赋AGB星的重核素丰度分析

以＾１３Ｃ（α,ｎ）＾１６Ｏ及＾２２Ｎｅ（α,ｎ）＾２５Ｍｇ作为双脉冲中子源,对于低质量ＡＧＢ星,采用无分叉ｓ－过程反应通道,结合最近恒星演化的计算结果,在各物理参量合理取值范围内,计算了了ＡＧＢ星Ｈｅ壳层内,表面重核素的丰度,在此基础上将星风吸各模型同内禀ＡＧＢ星核合成模型结合起来计算外赋ＡＧＢ星重元素的超丰。     

小质量AGB星热脉冲阶段氟的核合成

本计算并讨论了当＾１３Ｃ以渐进注入方式进入氦燃烧壳层时，＾１９Ｆ在小质量ＡＧＢ星热脉冲中的核合成问题。采用小质量ＡＧＢ星热脉冲的氢氦混合燃烧模型，中子源为＾１３Ｃ（α，ｎ）＾１６Ｏ，质量则是脉冲开始时从氢燃烧壳层卷入的。对丰度的数值计算结果表明，在小质量ＡＧＢ星的热脉冲中，＾１９Ｆ是能够有效合成的，有效合成的温度Ｔ的范围为１．８≤Ｔｓ〈２．８（Ｔ８＝Ｔ／１０＾８Ｋ）。采用小质量ＡＧＢ星的挖掘模型     

矮新星AB Dra中的吸积盘模型

对矮新星ＡＢ Ｄｒａ的最小二乘拟合表明，黑体吸积盘模型预言的连续谱能粗略地拟合该星在爆发期间的ＩＵＥ观测，较小的偏差可以归因于光学薄气体的复合辐射或／和热斑的黑体辐射，拟合给出了一组吸积盘参量的合理值。     

AGB星的超星风与热脉动的研究

至今国际上对ＡＧＢ星的超星风、热脉动及振动的理论研究工作中都忽略了湍流压的存在，然而对于一个整个外壳都处于完全对流的ＡＧＢ星，湍流压是存在的，并且由于湍流压的存在将对气体压强、密度、温度以及各热力学量产生影响，因而对ＡＧＢ星的超星风、热脉动及振动产生影响。本文以恒星结构演化理论中常用的混合程对流理论为基础，给出了湍流压以及考虑湍流压情况下恒星内部物态方程和各热力学量的表达式，并给出了判别恒星外壳产生动力学非稳定性的判据，并在此基础上研究了质量为２．８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙的恒星从主序到ＡＧＢ星的演化。目的是研究有湍流压情况下ＡＧＢ星的超星风及热脉动的机理。结果表明，对于７Ｍ⊙恒星，在红巨星及ＡＧＢ阶段，湍流压可以达到总压强的３０％，并且对恒星的结构产生重要影响，对于２．８Ｍ⊙恒星，在红巨星及ＡＧＢ阶段影响较小。由于湍流压的作用，２．８Ｍ⊙和７Ｍ⊙恒星在ＡＧＢ阶段和红巨星阶段，靠近表面的区域会出现动力学非稳定性，造成物质向外喷流，这就是ＡＧＢ星和红巨星产生强大星风的物质损失的原因。研究还表明，湍流压效应造成７Ｍ⊙ＡＧＢ星的氢燃烧壳层产生主周期为５０年的脉动现象，同时使氦燃烧壳层的热脉动提前发生和周期变短     

恒星形成时期强远红外源的红外发射与赫罗图

本文从IRAS点源星表（PSC）中选择了一批流量只F100μ≥500Jy，且属于正在形成或早期演化阶段的强远红外源，利用北京天文台兴隆观测站的1.26m红外望远镜，对这批源进行了J、H、K波段的近红外观测，得到了12个源的第一次J、H、K测光资料．结合外台站的红外观测资料和IRAS点源星表数据，我们对强远红外源的红外发射进行了修正的黑体光球模型、双壳层尘埃发射模型以及详细的辐射转移等模型的拟合，得到了这些源的一系列重要的物理参量，如中心星的等效光球温度，近红外消光以及包层的尘埃温度和密度随半径变化的幂律等．本文利用红外导出的中心星光球温度和光度，得到了与这些强远红外源成协的大质量年轻天体在赫罗图上的位置和演化特征．我们发现，对质量一定的大质量年轻星，沿着向主序演化的方向，红外谱在12μ－60μ间的斜率S有逐渐增大的趋势；而对演化到同一时间线的星，随着质量的增大，S也有增大的趋势．本文分析了这一性质．并提出了利用红外资料研究赫罗图的方法，它是一种研究深埋于分子云和尘埃包层的大质量年轻星早期演化的有效方法．     

Herbig Ae/Be星的尘埃壳层形态研究

我们使用Kurucz恒星大气模型以及黑体模型对22颗Herbig Ae/Be星的紫外数据、IRAS观测数据、地面光学及近红外测光数据资料等进行了拟合计算,用能量平衡方法进行了统计分析,得出Herbig Ae/Be星的尘埃壳层为盘状的结论.     

AGB星的ISO观测

概述了ＩＲＡＳ升空以来在ＡＧＢ星研究方面的进展和发现的问题,比较详细地报告了６０ｃｍ空间红外望远镜ＩＳＯ携带的探测器及其性能,以及它的成像和光谱观测对研究ＡＧＢ星的演化的影响,尤其是对ＡＧＢ星星周包层的化学环境的研究的重要作用。     

Extreme Infrared Stars Discovered in Magellanic Cloud Globular Clusters

We report preliminary results of our systematic survey for infrared stars in the globular clusters of the Magellanic Clouds. In the course of an ISOCAM survey for AGB stars in the intermediate-age clusters, we have discovered extremely red AGB stars in NGC 419 and NGC 1978. From their colours and luminosities, they are thought to be experiencing intense mass-loss and to be in the final or superwind phase of the AGB evolution. However, they seem to be of somewhat lower luminosity than the corresponding visible AGB stars when only the mid-infrared data are taken into account. This suggests that hitherto unobserved infrared excesses may exist at longer wavelengths. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Infrared photometry of AGB stars

The goal of this article is to show that, if one avoids star forming regions, mass-losing AGB stars can generally be selected from the data that will be provided by the near-infrared surveys which are presently considered. Also, if IRAS data are available, the separation between carbon-rich and oxygen-rich stars can be operated by their positions in infrared colour diagrams. In extragalactic systems, red supergiants can be discriminated from AGB stars by their luminosities.based on observations obtained with the ESO 1-m telescope     

Near-infrared photometry and analysis of SiO maser stars

Near-infrared photometry of 35 SiO maser stars (v = 1, J = 1 - 0) of various types is presented in this paper. Combining the JHK flux densities from IRAS, the distributions of the stars on two color-color diagrams are obtained. The spectral slopes, equivalent black-body temperatures, maser luminosities and mass-loss rates of the central stars are calculated from the infrared or radio data. These parameters are then analysed together with the integrated SiO fluxes. The results show that SiO masers are common in AGB stages. The integrated SiO maser flux is only weakly correlated with the mass-loss rate, and increase slowly along the sequence from Mira stars to OH/IR stars. It is more closely correlated with the near-infrared colors and the equivalent black-body temperatures. Also, its upper limit is correlated with 12μm and 25μm fluxes. We also briefly discusses the general function and specific role of SiO maser in the evolution of AGB stars.     

对OH/IR星演化的模型研究

渐近巨星分支恒星 (AGB星 )是一种晚期演化恒星 ,它是恒星作为以核反应释能为发光能源的天体的最后演化阶段。AGB星阶段的恒星具有许多有趣的性质 ,如很大的质量损失率 (因此形成很厚的拱星尘埃气体包层 ) ,光变 ,热脉动 (或He闪耀 ) ,强的红外超量发射 ,分子脉泽发射等 ,弄清AGB星的演化规律是研究恒星演化理论的重要任务。目前人们所知道的AGB星的演化图景是 ,恒星经过漫长的主序演化之后 ,将经过红巨星 (RGB)阶段 ,然后才进入AGB阶段 ,在其演化过程中AGB星的光度和质量损失率要逐渐增大 ,它的光变周期也逐渐变长 ,在其中心星经历了一系列的由He核反应不稳定性引起的热脉动之后 ,它的质量损失很快停止 ,恒星开始向行星状星云 (PN)演化 ,最后行星状星云将会变成一个白矮星 ,这将是许多初始质量不很大的恒星的最终结局。OH/IR星阶段是AGB星演化的一个阶段 ,OH/IR星是那些质量稍大的恒星在AGB阶段后期演化而成的天体。现阶段人们对OH/IR星的具体演化过程还知道得很少。我们利用了球对称包层中的尘埃辐射转移模型来研究OH/IR星的演化性质 ,并且收集了尽量多的具有可靠距离的OH/IR星来研究他们的光度和质量损失率的演化性质。在本文的研究工作中 ,我们主要讨论了OH/IR星在远红外双色图中的分布规律 ,还发现     

Infrared study of infrared carbon stars based on 2MASS,IRAS and ISO SWS data

For this paper, we collected all infrared carbon stars (IRCSs) known so far from the literature and identified the 2MASS counterparts of all IRCSs. Using 2MASS, IRAS and ISO SWS data, we investigate the infrared properties of IRCSs. We find that the infrared colors and temperatures of IRCSs—not only in the IRAS region but also in the near infrared—are between those for visual carbon stars and extreme carbon stars. The results in this paper strongly support the suggestion that the sequence of visual carbon stars → infrared carbon stars → extreme carbon stars is the evolutionary sequence in the AGB phase for carbon-rich stars. In addition, using the ISO SWS data, we find that an evolutionary sequence also exists within the IRCS stage.     

Infrared study of the extreme carbon stars based on IRAS, 2MASS and ISO data

We collected 55 galactic extreme carbon stars from the published literature in this paper. Observational data from IRAS, 2MASS and ISO were analyzed. The results show that the infrared properties of extreme carbon stars are quite different to those for ordinary visual carbon stars. It is shown from IRAS and 2MASS photometric data that extreme carbon stars have much redder infrared colors not only in the far infrared, but also in the near infrared, hence they have much thicker ciucumstellar envelopes and mass loss. It is also indicated from IRAS Low-Resolution Spectra (LRS) and ISO Short Wavelength Spectra (SWS) that they have much redder infrared spectra from 2 μm to 45 μm. The above results are believed to be the signature of undergoing the last stages of AGB evolution for extreme carbon stars.     

Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars as Tracers of Star Formation Histories: the GAIA Context

We discuss a possible use of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars for tracing star formation histories on the Galactic and extragalactic distance scales with the ESA's astrometric space mission GAIA. Extensive numerical simulations demonstrate that metallicities (Δ [M/H] ≲ 0.3) can be obtained for the AGB stars with GAIA up to the distances of ∼ 200 kpc, if no interstellar extinction is present. Reliable population ages can be also obtained from the AGB stars if their T _eff are constrained precisely. We show that precise effective temperatures can be obtained by fitting observed spectral energy distributions of the AGB stars with theoretical fluxes calculated from the synthetic spectra. A combination of the derived effective temperatures with the bolometric luminosities allows to derive precise population ages for a wide range of ages and metallicities over the large distance scales. This demonstrates that AGB stars can be employed very effectively for tracing star formation histories with GAIA, allowing to refine the global evolutionary scenarios of stellar populations in the Milky Way and the galaxies beyond. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Orbital elements of the mild and strong barium stars formed through a wind accretion scenario

Taking account of the metallicity dependence of the s-process nucleosynthesis in the AGB stars, we adopted the wind accretion model with the condition of total angular momentum conservation and used the Monte-Carlo method to study the variations and the distributions of the orbital elements of the mild and strong Ba stars. The calculated results show that the level of heavy-element overabundance in a Ba star depends on the orbital period. Since there is a strong dependence of s-process yields on the initial stellar metallicity of the AGB star and a strong increase of the s-process yields in AGB stars with decreasing metallicity, the calculated results strongly suggest that the initial metallicity of the Ba star systems is another important parameter for the level of heavy-element overabundance in a Ba star. The strong Ba stars generally have lower metallicities than mild Ba stars. The masses of AGB progenitor and Ba star are other two parameters which also have some impact on the heavy-element overabundance in the Ba star.