运用ULBP的高分辨率遥感影像感知哈希完整性认证算法

针对现有高分辨率遥感影像感知哈希认证算法中特征提取精度和算法稳健性不能兼顾的问题,本文提出一种运用ULBP的高分辨率遥感影像感知哈希完整性的认证算法。首先对遥感影像进行格网划分,将影像划分为多个子块,运用ULBP算法提取子块的纹理特征;然后计算每个子块内纹理特征的直方图分布,将其结果与均值二值化后得到子块的感知哈希序列;最后串联所有子块的感知哈希序列生成整幅影像的感知哈希值。在影像认证时,首先计算原始影像与待检测影像的哈希序列,然后计算两者的感知哈希序列平均汉明距离,完成对高分辨率遥感影像内容的完整性认证与篡改定位。试验表明,该算法能够识别高分辨率遥感影像中地物较为平滑的区域,同时对JPEG压缩、高斯噪声添加、BMP格式转换等操作具有良好的稳健性,为高分辨遥感影像完整性认证提供支持。     

地物空间关系匹配的高分辨率遥感影像检索

从低层视觉特征与地物空间关系特征对影像内容进行描述,建立检索模板与目标影像间的相似性直方图表达,提出一种适用于高分辨率遥感影像检索的新方法。首先,利用Quin+树将大幅面原始遥感影像分解为一系列同尺寸的序列子块;然后,分别提取各子块的低层视觉特征与地物关系特征,并以子块为基元构建候选子块的特征直方图;最后,对比检索模板与候选子块间的特征直方图相似性,实现高分辨率遥感影像的检索。使用多幅多源高分辨率遥感影像进行实验,结果表明本文方法对耕地、水系、建筑物等地类的检索精度大都维持在0.8以上,且各项检索性能指标均优于已有的两种遥感图像检索算法。     

一种运用AKAZE特征的无人机遥感影像拼接方法

针对无人机遥感影像旋偏角大、地面覆盖范围小等特点,提出一种运用AKAZE特征匹配算法实现无人机遥感影像的快速拼接。该方法利用AKAZE算法提取影像特征点,采用比值法、RANSAC算法计算出拼接序列之间的单应矩阵,通过中心距离范数加权法进行融合。实验表明,其配准精度优于ORB算法,与SIFT算法相当,而运算效率高于SIFT算法,但不及ORB算法,是一种稳定高效的无人机影像拼接算法。     

决策树算法在西藏遥感影像分类中的应用研究

将决策树算法引入到遥感影像分类中,以提高分类的精度。首先对影像进行预处理,然后利用C5.0算法在分析地物光谱特征、纹理特征、归一化植被指数的基础上,自动提取分类规则,构建决策树,实现地物的自动分类。为验证该算法的有效性,选取西藏某地区TM影像作为实验数据,与监督分类的精度进行对比,实验结果表明,决策树分类方法能取得较好的分类效果。     

基于纹理特征融合与核模糊聚类的道路提取

根据高分辨率遥感影像中道路方向上的纹理一致性,提出了一种基于纹理特征融合与核模糊C均值聚类的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取新算法。该算法改进了角度纹理特征的计算方式,首先与Gabor纹理特征进行融合;再利用结合空间信息的核模糊C均值聚类算法对融合特征进行聚类,从而提取高分辨率遥感影像中的道路。实验结果表明,该算法可较高精度地从高分辨率遥感影像中提取具有一定纹理的道路。     

融合像素—多尺度区域特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法

针对基于像素多特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法的"胡椒盐"现象和面向对象影像分析方法的"平滑地物细节"现象,提出了一种融合像素特征和多尺度区域特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法。(1)首先采用均值漂移算法对原始影像进行初始过分割,然后对初始过分割结果进行多尺度的区域合并,形成多尺度分割结果。根据多尺度区域合并RMI指数变化和分割尺度对分类精度的影响,确定最优分割尺度。(2)融合光谱特征、像元形状指数PSI(Pixel Shape Index)、初始尺度和最优尺度区域特征,并对多类型特征进行归一化,最后结合支持向量机(SVM)进行分类。实验结果表明该算法既能有效减少基于像素多特征的高分辨率遥感影像分类算法的"胡椒盐"现象,又能保持地物对象的完整性和地物细节信息,提高易混淆类别(如阴影和街道,裸地和草地)的分类精度。     

基于视觉显著点特征的遥感影像检索方法

本文提出一种基于视觉显著点特征的遥感影像检索方法,首先采用SIFT算法提取遥感影像中的关键点及其特征,同时利用GBVS模型计算影像的显著图以分离影像显著区和背景,然后提取显著区内的关键点以构建视觉显著点特征,最后用其计算影像间的相似度并返回相似影像。实验表明,与传统检索算法相比,本文提出的算法能够有效提高影像查准率。     

基于SURF特征区域的鲁棒水印算法

针对遥感影像的安全保护,提出了一种基于SURF特征区域的鲁棒水印算法。首先在影像中检测SURF特征点,选取鲁棒性强的点构造互不重叠的特征区域并进行归一化处理,进而对归一化的区域实施整数小波变换,根据生成的模板选取相应位置的系数,最后通过量化的方式将水印信息重复嵌入到每个特征区域内。水印的检测可直接在攻击后的影像中进行,无需校正恢复,实现了盲提取。采用边缘像素替换的策略来保证影像的数据精度,不影响遥感影像的使用。实验表明,该算法具有良好的不可见性,且对常规攻击和几何攻击均具有较强的鲁棒性,可有效保护遥感影像的安全。     

基于遥感影像的归一化植被指数算法研究

植被归一化指数研究是遥感应用的主要领域,同时也是遥感学科的重要的研究问题。基于遥感影像的归一化植被指数研究方法和理论随着计算机算法的发展有了很大的进步,在介绍了植被指数概念的基础上阐述了NDVI的特征及其优势,同时也通过编写程序实现了对遥感影像的归一化植被指数的提取。此外,通过利用遥感软件ERDAS IMAGINE9.1对遥感影像进行植被指数的提取,对提取结果进行了对比分析,从而优化了自编程序算法。     

基于视觉词袋方法的不同分辨率的遥感影像检索

缩小语义鸿沟,是基于内容的遥感影像检索的必经之路,本文提出了一种基于多种底层特征的视觉词袋方法来进行不同分辨率的遥感影像的分类和检索。主要涉视觉词袋模型的构建以及该模型采用不同的底层特征描述对实验结果的影响。通过对不同分辨率的遥感影像进行基于不同底层特征组合的视觉词袋特征的提取,从而得到一系列分类检索实验结果。结果表明,基于底层特征组合的视觉词袋方法能有效地提高不同分辨率遥感影像的分类和检索效果。     

基于OSG的火星形貌3维建模与绘制

开展了基于开源3维渲染引擎OSG(OpenSceneGraph)的火星形貌3维建模与绘制的研究.使用地形数据库创建工具VPB(VirtualPlanetBuilder)创建了整个火星的分页数据库,并利用基于OSG的仿真平台实现了火星形貌数据的3维可视化.实验结果证明,该方法能很好地处理海量地形数据,完成火星形貌的3维重...     

三重加权变形监测预测模型及应用

针对GM(1,1)建模过程存在背景值、时间因素和初始条件3方面的不足,该文提出三重加权TPGM(1,1)预测模型。通过对背景值进行加权生成新的背景值,建立PGM(1,1)模型;在PGM(1,1)基础上考虑到时间因素,在求解灰参数时进行第2次加权建立DPGM(1,1)模型;最后考虑到初始条件对预测模型的影响,在DPGM(1,1)基础上进行第3次加权,建立TPGM(1,1)模型。通过实例分析,比较GM(1,1)、PGM(1,1)、DPGM(1,1)、TPGM(1,1)4种模型在变形监测数据处理中的拟合和预测结果,表明三重加权TPGM(1,1)模型拟合效果更好、预测精度更高;该模型具有前3种模型的优点,同时弥补了传统GM(1,1)存在的不足。     

Review on InSAR based displacement monitoring of Indian Himalayas: issues,challenges and possible advanced alternatives

Natural and man-made disasters like earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, unplanned mining are some of the most serious factors responsible for earth surface displacement. These incidences can be harmful for the society due to loss of life and also threatful for future urban development. Therefore, continuous monitoring of disasters in terms of displacements is of fundamental importance in a modern well-organized society to understand its effects on the social and economic fabric. Availability of SAR data has been proved to be an excellent source for estimation of surface displacements with high accuracies. However, in India, SAR interferometry-related displacement measurement has still not gained appreciable momentum. More rigorous research needs to be carried out for the efficient use of this new generation technique. This review article is an attempt to discuss the issues related to SAR-based displacement studies so far conducted on Indian Himalayan region and possible advanced alternatives.     

Low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking: a comparison between analytical linear orbit perturbation theory and numerical integration

Low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (ll-SST) range-rate observations have been predicted by two methods: one based on a linear perturbation theory in combination with the Hill equations, and one based on solving the equations of motion of two low-flying satellites by numerical integration. The two methods produce almost equivalent Fourier spectra of the range-rate observations after properly taking into account a few resonant terms. For a typical GRACE-type configuration, where the two satellites trail each other at a distance of 300 km at an altitude of 460 km, and in the presence of the EGM96 gravity field model, complete to spherical harmonic degree and order 70, the agreement between the Fourier spectra is about 1 mm/s compared to a root-mean-square (RMS) value of more than 220 mm/s for the range-rate signal. The discrepancy of 1 mm/s can be reduced significantly when not taking into account perturbations caused by the J₂ term. Excluding the J₂ term, the agreement between the two methods improves to 0.4 mm/s compared to a RMS value of 6 mm/s for the range-rate signal. These values are 0.01 and 2.3 mm/s when ignoring the spectrum for frequencies below two cycles per orbital revolution, reducing the discrepancy even further to about 0.5% of the signal. The selected linear perturbation theory is thus capable of modeling gravity field induced range-rate observations with very high precision for a large part of the spectrum.     

从GPS推算大气水汽的误差分析

讨论了从GPS观测数据推算大气水汽值的各种误差，分析了这些误差对大气水汽值的影响。     

浅谈基于ADS80数据在像素工厂中制作正射影像的流程

像素工厂是当今世界一流的遥感影像自动化处理系统,集成自动化、并行处理和开放的架构,可以自动处理多种传感器的海量数据,生产各种制图终端。本文结合实际生产介绍了像素工厂批量生产数字地表模型(DSM)和正射影像的关键技术及工艺流程。     

基于非参数回归的交通事件影响范围预测

基于非参数回归方法,创新性地利用拥堵信息建立模式库,解决了传统分类、回归、神经网络等预测方法的事件特征选取限制及训练样本不足等问题,提高了预测结果的准确性。     

Retrieval of effective leaf area index (LAIe) and leaf area density (LAD) profile at individual tree level using high density multi-return airborne LiDAR

As an important canopy structure indicator, leaf area index (LAI) proved to be of considerable implications for forest ecosystem and ecological studies, and efficient techniques for accurate LAI acquisitions have long been highlighted. Airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR), often termed as airborne laser scanning (ALS), once was extensively investigated for this task but showed limited performance due to its low sampling density. Now, ALS systems exhibit more competing capacities such as high density and multi-return sampling, and hence, people began to ask the questions like—“can ALS now work better on the task of LAI prediction?” As a re-examination, this study investigated the feasibility of LAI retrievals at the individual tree level based on high density and multi-return ALS, by directly considering the vertical distributions of laser points lying within each tree crown instead of by proposing feature variables such as quantiles involving laser point distribution modes at the plot level. The examination was operated in the case of four tree species (i.e. Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula and Quercus robur) in a mixed forest, with their LAI-related reference data collected by using static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). In light of the differences between ALS- and TLS-based LAI characterizations, the methods of voxelization of 3D scattered laser points, effective LAI (LAIe) that does not distinguish branches from canopies and unified cumulative LAI (ucLAI) that is often used to characterize the vertical profiles of crown leaf area densities (LADs) was used; then, the relationships between the ALS- and TLS-derived LAIes were determined, and so did ucLAIs. Tests indicated that the tree-level LAIes for the four tree species can be estimated based on the used airborne LiDAR (R² = 0.07, 0.26, 0.43 and 0.21, respectively) and their ucLAIs can also be derived. Overall, this study has validated the usage of the contemporary high density multi-return airborne LiDARs for LAIe and LAD profile retrievals at the individual tree level, and the contribution are of high potential for advancing forest ecosystem modeling and ecological understanding.     

黑龙江省位置服务中心建设与服务模式探讨

对黑龙江省位置服务现状进行了分析,提出了建立的黑龙江省位置服务中心的框架。位置服务中心的建立是以手机、PDA及各种移动手持终端定位服务、车辆监控等为主的服务体系,并通过WMS方式对外提供地图服务。文中对位置服务中心的设计理念、体系结构及服务模式进行了详细描述,并对其具体应用进行了探讨,最后对未来3G时代位置服务中心的应用前景进行了展望。     

Spectra and vegetation index variations in moss soil crust in different seasons,and in wet and dry conditions

Similar to vascular plants, non-vascular plant mosses have different periods of seasonal growth. There has been little research on the spectral variations of moss soil crust (MSC) over different growth periods. Few studies have paid attention to the difference in spectral characteristics between wet MSC that is photosynthesizing and dry MSC in suspended metabolism. The dissimilarity of MSC spectra in wet and dry conditions during different seasons needs further investigation. In this study, the spectral reflectance of wet MSC, dry MSC and the dominant vascular plant (Artemisia) were characterized in situ during the summer (July) and autumn (September). The variations in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), biological soil crust index (BSCI) and CI (crust index) in different seasons and under different soil moisture conditions were also analyzed. It was found that (1) the spectral characteristics of both wet and dry MSCs varied seasonally; (2) the spectral features of wet MSC appear similar to those of the vascular plant, Artemisia, whether in summer or autumn; (3) both in summer and in autumn, much higher NDVI values were acquired for wet than for dry MSC (0.6 ∼ 0.7 vs. 0.3 ∼ 0.4 units), which may lead to misinterpretation of vegetation dynamics in the presence of MSC and with the variations in rainfall occurring in arid and semi-arid zones; and (4) the BSCI and CI values of wet MSC were close to that of Artemisia in both summer and autumn, indicating that BSCI and CI could barely differentiate between the wet MSC and Artemisia.