《旋转调制型捷联惯性导航系统》内容简介

正本书概述了捷联惯导系统发展状况,讨论了基于惯性测量单元(IMU)转动的调制型捷联惯性导航系统的发展、应用状况及前景;分析了旋转调制型捷联惯性导航系统误差调制自补偿原理,设计并验证了惯性测量单元的旋转调制方案;实现了旋转调制型捷联惯性导航系统中器件偏差的标校与初始对准;     

基于微惯性技术的室内定位理论及应用

室内定位方法的可行性及准确性成为位置信息服务体系的研究热点,针对移动智能终端普及率的提高,提出了基于内置微惯性传感器的定位理念。通过采用Allan方差分析惯性器件误差参数,并基于频谱分析采用滤波降噪方案提高器件输出信噪比,结合人体运动特征准确判定步态,为零速修正算法的实现提供依据,通过建立局部区域的地磁信息数据库,实现磁匹配零速修正卡尔曼组合误差修正。实验结果验证了基于微惯性技术的室内定位方法的可行性。     

基于旋转调制技术的自动陀螺寻北仪关键技术研究

动态旋转调制技术是降低陀螺仪漂移,提高寻北精度的有效方法,但在具体实现中诸多的环节会影响到寻北精度。本文结合自动陀螺经纬仪的实际实现过程,对旋转状态下惯性测量单元的动态误差,小型化转台及其稳速电路、控制算法的设计,快速寻北滤波模型的建立等主要关键技术进行了研究。样机在4分钟内的寻北精度优于30″（1δ）,表明该技术设计合理。     

载体角运动对旋转调制惯导系统误差影响分析

针对典型的双轴转停旋转调制系统,从捷联惯导姿态角误差方程出发,理论分析了载体角运动对旋转调制效果的影响。刻度系数误差导致的直流分量误差可等效为不可调制的常值陀螺漂移,对系统的精度水平有较大影响。安装误差导致的交流分量误差可等效为周期振荡的陀螺仪漂移,对系统精度影响较小。仿真结果有效验证了相关分析结论。     

量测噪声自适应平方根TCKF姿态数据融合算法

为了提高微电机系统(Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, MEMS)器件的姿态解算精度,本文提出了一种量测噪声自适应平方根正交变换容积卡尔曼滤波(Adaptive-Square Root Transformed Cubature Kalman Filter, A-SRTCKF)姿态数据融合算法。该算法对MEMS器件中的加速度计、陀螺仪和磁力计输出的数据进行数据融合,以TCKF作为基础算法,采用QR分解更新误差协方差矩阵的平方根进行滤波运算,并通过渐消记忆Sage-Husa噪声估计方法对量测噪声进行实时估计。实验结果表明,该算法使姿态测量系统的估计误差至少降低了79.6%,不但避免了因误差协方差矩阵非正定导致算法异常终止的情况,而且解决了系统因量测噪声未知造成的状态估计精度急剧下降问题,具有比TCKF和SRTCKF更高的精度和鲁棒性。     

零速修正与完备监测在UWB/MEMS IMU组合中的应用

针对超宽带(UWB)在室内定位过程中受非视距环境影响易出现粗差以及微机电系统(MEMS)惯性测量单元(IMU)定位误差随时间快速发散的问题,该文提出了采用自适应卡尔曼滤波的UWB/MEMS IMU组合的室内定位方法,并通过自主完好性监测算法对UWB测距异常值进行剔除,将零速修正算法加入到组合定位系统中,抑制在UWB数据中断情况下MEMS IMU误差的发散。实验结果表明,在UWB存在中断的复杂室内环境下,UWB/MEMS IMU组合定位的平面定位精度在0.2 m以内,自主完好性监测与零速修正能有效地提高组合定位系统的精度与稳定性。     

惯性系统/激光测距仪组合定位技术研究

本文针对捷联惯性系统定位精度随误差积累而降低的情况,提出了一种基于惯性系统和激光测距仪的组合定位技术,并加以调平转位机构辅之。主要研究了捷联惯导系统静基座初始对准,分析了初始对准的精度,推导了激光测距仪载体坐标系到导航坐标系的坐标转换关系。最后,通过仿真和实施相关实验验证该定位技术。结果表明,此方法的测量误差较为稳定,误差大小在允许范围内,定位精度较高,具有一定的可行性。     

遥感技术中GPS/INS组合系统的应用

分析综述GPS/INS组合系统在遥感技术中应用的状况,讨论运用GPS最新动态定位技术(PPP技术或网络RTK技术)和MEMS惯性器件的组合系统对遥感影像进行几何纠正的应用前景及面临的问题.     

倾角传感器在并联机器人精度检测中的应用

为了减少目前并联机器人精度检测技术的手动操作环节,提出一种基于倾角传感器的并联机器人旋转精度检测方法。基于倾角传感器和并联机器人的旋转关系进行建模,研究了该旋转矩阵检测的实现原理和算法模型,构建了一套并联机器人旋转检测实验系统。实测实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地检测出并联机器人的旋转精度:x轴和y轴旋转精度检测的均方根误差分别为0.012 3″和0.297 8″;倾角传感器在8 h内x轴和y轴的内符合精度为0.011″和0.014″;x轴和y轴分别漂移了4.5″和8.9″,但是两轴满足高精度测量的要求。     

动态测量技术精度检测系统设计

随着动态测量技术的快速发展,对其精度鉴定的需求也愈发迫切。目前,对于动态测量技术的检测仍旧存在很多技术瓶颈,甚至对于一些中、高动态测量设备还无法提供有效的检测手段。本文中提出了一种基于旋转平台和光电传感器的动态检测原理、设计方案和检测流程,完成了原理样机的研制,并进行了大量的实验测试和验证。实验表明,对于0.88cm/s-3.54cm/s的低动态的全站仪动态跟踪测量,该系统可以实现0.4-0.6mm精度的检测,对于0.98cm/s-6.28m/s的中、低动态的GPS动态测量则能够实现3-10mm的检测精度。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

基于Skyline的企业总图3维信息系统

3维技术以其直观、眩目的表现力深受人们喜爱.利用3S技术和Skyline开发平台,可以构建大型企业3维地理信息系统,以满足企业设计部门和资产管理部门对基础地理信息的需求.兼容原有2维系统的总图3维信息系统,将为企业的日常管理、设计施工、分析统计、规划决策等提供更加可靠、直观、多层次、多功能的综合服务信息.