基于频分相分联合的正交复用技术研究

随着导航系统的增多,导航频段越来越拥挤,不同导航系统和不同卫星之间的干扰愈发严重. 二进制偏移载波调制方式是通过设计分裂功率谱来减少频谱混叠,以削弱互相关干扰的影响,但其没有考虑子载波相位的关系,存在进一步优化的空间.本文通过综合考虑子载波的频率和相位关系,使不同卫星信号间得到近似正交的互相关性能,从而有效削弱卫星信号之间的干扰.      

北斗三号卫星的周跳探测与修复算法

在高精度GNSS应用中,载波相位观测值中出现周跳问题直接影响到整周模糊度的解算及最终定位精度,针对北斗卫星导航系统三代卫星密集发射的现状,该文提出一种联合采用码伪距与相位伪距组合、MW组合和电离层残差组合进行北斗三号卫星双频数据周跳探测和修复的算法。该算法可以发挥单个组合优势有效进行周跳探测且能避免各自的探测盲区,联合3种组合观测量进行周跳值求解时,计算方法简单,可以直接取整得到周跳值。通过对北斗三号卫星双频实测数据的处理分析,验证了该算法能够准确地探测出所有周跳,并能够有效修复。     

一种新的BOC调制无模糊跟踪鉴别器设计

建立了导航接收机码跟踪延迟锁定环的数学模型,讨论了DP和EMLP鉴别器在不同信号、不同前端滤波器带宽的鉴别曲线特性,阐述了BOC调制模糊跟踪产生的原因。针对BOC调制信号的模糊跟踪问题,从BOC调制的机理出发,将BOC调制分成伪码和副栽波两部分分析,阐述了一种新的鉴别器设计。实验表明：新鉴别器设计,鉴别曲线线性跟踪区域斜率最高为9,可实现BOC调制的无模糊跟踪。     

BDS-3卫星信号质量及RTK定位分析

为评估北斗三号卫星(BDS-3)信号质量及定位性能,针对BDS-3各频点,使用码减相位和双差相位两种组合观测值分析伪距和相位观测精度;评估了BDS-3和GPS同频观测值之间的系统间偏差;分析了BDS-3/GPS松紧组合单频RTK的定位性能。结果表明,同频条件下,BDS-3伪距观测噪声比GPS更低,相位观测噪声在同一水平;在同类型接收机间,BDS-3/GPS的ISB服从均值为0的正态分布;在RTK定位性能上,单系统仅可实现51～57%的模糊度固定率,多系统可实现90%以上的固定率,改正ISB后的紧组合RTK比松组合RTK在固定率和定位精度上有3.4%和3.2%的提升。总体而言,BDS-3信号质量较好,可与GPS兼容互操作,能够进一步提升GNSS的定位性能。     

一种单频单历元GPS整周模糊度的解算方法

考虑到遗传算法的全局最优搜索特性，将遗传算法与模糊度函数法相结合，用一个历元的C／A码观测值与单频单历元的L1载波观测值作为基本观测量来确定GPS相位整周模糊度值，从而形成了基于遗传算法的AFM整周模糊度搜索策略。新算法能够快速、稳健地搜索到正确整周模糊度组合。     

数字式电子水准仪的载码相位法原理

介绍了一种新型数字式电子水准仪的实现方法，其充分利用载码的周期特征实现CCD信号的快速解码，利用载码的相位信息获取精测值，利用调制在载码中的测量码获取粗测值，本文方法具有测量快捷、成本低廉、分辨力高并可实现人工读数等优点。     

GPS & Galileo相位组合观测值模型研究

在保持组合模糊度整周特性的前提下,探讨了不同卫星间的相位观测值组合问题,包括系统内和系统间卫星的相位观测值组合.重点研究了GPS与Galileo卫星的相位组合观测值模型,对组合观测值的误差影响进行了详细分析.最后通过大量的计算得出了若干具有良好特性的相位组合观测值,并给出了一种新的组合观测值选取标准.     

单频精密单点定位观测模型和电离层处理方法比较

利用单频码、相位和GRAPHIC组合3个观测量的两两组合可以构造3种单频精密单点定位观测模型:基于码和GRAPHIC观测量的C-G模型,基于GRAPHIC和相位观测量的G-P模型和基于码和相位观测量的C-P模型。针对电离层延迟改正问题,考虑了最高精度的模型改正方法——IGS格网电离层改正和估计电离层延迟参数两种方案。采用全球分布的15个IGS监测站16d的数据和一组机载动态GPS数据进行解算实验。结果表明,不同观测模型和不同的电离层延迟处理方法,定位效果有明显差异。     

GPS＆Galileo相位组合观测值模型研究

在保持组合模糊度整周特性的前提下，探讨了不同卫星间的相位观测值组合问题，包括系统内和系统间卫星的相位观测值组合。重点研究了GPS与Galileo卫星的相位组合观测值模型，对组合观测值的误差影响进行了详细分析。最后通过大量的计算得出了若干具有良好特性的相位组合观测值，并给出了一种新的组合观测值选取标准。     

BDS三频信号最优组合的模糊聚类分析法

针对如何优选出三频BDS最优载波相位线性组合观测量的问题,基于三频GNSS载波相位组合观测量理论,本文提出最优组合观测量选取的模糊聚类分析法。首先构建满足超宽巷组合和窄巷组合条件,且具有不同巷数、电离层数及噪声放大因子的三频BDS组合观测量,并假定各参数均为最优值的理论最优组合观测量;然后对满足条件的超宽巷组合和窄巷组合用模糊聚类分析法进行聚类排序;最后根据各组合观测量与假定的最优组合观测量聚为一类的先后顺序,确定三频BDS最优组合观测量的选取顺序。结果表明:模糊聚类分析法通过组合观测量的聚类排序,实现了最优组合观测量的筛选。无几何TCAR算法也验证了模糊聚类分析结果的正确性。     

Galileo civil signal modulations

Spectrum limitations for navigation systems require that the various navigation signals broadcast by the Galileo system must be combined and must utilize bandwidth-efficient modulations. At the L1 band, one of the most important questions is how to combine all the Open Service signals and the Public Regulated Service signal at the payload level, while maintaining good performance at reception. The Interplex modulation, a particular phase-shifted-keyed/phase modulation (PSK/PM), was chosen to transmit these signals because it is a constant-envelope modulation, thereby allowing the use of saturated power amplifiers with limited signal distortion. The Interplex modulation was also taken as baseline at the E6 band to transmit the three channels and the services associated on the same carrier frequency. At the E5 band, the modulation must combine two different services on a same constant envelope composite signal, while keeping the simplicity of a BOC implementation. The constant envelope Alternate Binary Offset Carrier (ALTBOC) modulation was chosen as the solution to transmit the Galileo E5 band signal. The main objective of this paper is to study these Galileo modulations. After the introduction, the E5 band signals are described, followed by the Alternate BOC modulation which has been chosen to transmit them. The second part describes the general formulation of the Interplex modulation and its key parameters for an optimal multiplexing of the Galileo L1 band signals. Since the Galileo Open Service signals at the L1 band are still not yet completely specified, different test cases are considered and their impact on the resulting choice for the Interplex modulation parameters is exposed.     

Short baseline GPS multi-frequency single-epoch precise positioning: utilizing a new carrier phase combination method

Traditional carrier phase combinations are linear functions of the original carrier phases. We develop a new way of carrier phase combination that regards carrier phases of different frequencies as the basis of the carrier phase space. The combined carrier phase is a point of this space. Then, this point, i.e., the combined carrier phase, is mapped back to a single-dimensional carrier phase by a bidirectional mapping. The new single-dimensional carrier phase is called mapped carrier phase. The advantages of this combination approach are a long wavelength and small noise of the mapped carrier phase, which make ambiguity resolution easy. Unfortunately, the mapped carrier phase value is not well determined due to the noise in the observed phases. On the contrary, a set of possible mapped carrier phase values are attained; however, only one value is correct. To reduce the number of candidates and fix the correct value of the mapped carrier phase, the following steps are discussed: (1) The integer nature of the original carrier ambiguity is used to attain an initial set of possible mapped carrier phase values; (2) the distribution of the mapped carrier phase ambiguity is included to reduce the possible values; and (3) the Gaussian least-squares objective function is introduced to fix the correct value. As a result of these steps, a single-epoch positioning algorithm is established. Two experiments are carried out to preliminarily compare the new algorithm with LAMBDA. The results show that the new algorithm is slightly below LAMBDA in resolution success rate, but computationally more efficient than LAMBDA.     

Weighted discriminators for GNSS BOC signal tracking

Modern Global Navigation Satellite System including Galileo and GPS III will employ multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) modulation to achieve spectrum separation and enhanced tracking performance. A challenge of the MBOC or BOC signal tracking is the presence of ambiguities due to multiple sidepeaks of the autocorrelation functions. Several different techniques including multi-correlator and double estimator schemes have been proposed to address the ambiguity issue. We propose a class of ambiguity-free code tracking techniques by exploiting the unique features of the BOC modulation. In the proposed architecture, the incoming BOC-modulated signals are correlated with BOC-modulated replica and the spreading codes, respectively. Through a multiplicative combination strategy of the two correlator outputs, a noncoherent weighted discriminator is formed and shown to possess the ambiguity-free property. The multipath effect is assessed and compared with existing early-minus-late power and autocorrelation sidepeak cancellation technique discriminators. The noise effects of the theory and simulation are also discussed. In order to further verify the proposed scheme, a set of field data of a Galileo in-orbit validation satellite is collected and processed. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is simple to implement, free from ambiguities, and yields acceptable performance in the presence of multipath and noise.     

顾及GEO卫星约束的长距离BDS三频整周模糊度解算

长距离BDS三频载波相位整周模糊度解算受大气误差残余的影响较大,GEO卫星相对于地球静止也非常不利于载波相位整周模糊度的解算。利用GEO卫星的信号传播路径相对较稳定、大气延迟误差的影响不随卫星空间位置变化的特点,对GEO卫星进行更符合实际情况的大气延迟误差约束研究。利用GEO卫星B2和B3载波相位整周模糊度线性关系,降低测站差分电离层延迟误差残余对模糊度备选值的影响,进行B2和B3载波相位整周模糊度备选值的选择。通过三频载波相位整周模糊度间不包含观测误差影响的线性关系对模糊度备选值组合进行检测,并对模糊度搜索空间进行约束。利用历元间GEO卫星的模糊度备选值判断历元间电离层延迟误差残余的变化,对GEO卫星的参数估计进行更符合实际情况的约束。研究了顾及GEO卫星实际大气延迟变化和整周模糊度约束的长距离BDS三频载波相位整周模糊度解算方法。提出了利用历元间模糊度备选值确定电离层延迟约束值的方法,对GEO卫星历元间随机游走的约束值进行符合实际情况的调整。试验结果表明,本文的方法能够提高三频载波相位整周模糊度解算的效率和测站位置的精度。     

正交复用二进制偏移载波双环跟踪技术

针对正交复用二进制偏移载波信号(QMBOC)跟踪时存在的多零点模糊问题,首先比较了模糊消除的常用方法,并对双环跟踪方法进行了理论分析,在此基础上利用二进制偏移载波信号(BOC(1,1))的双环跟踪环路对QMBOC信号进行了跟踪,同时将副载波联合环路纳入双环跟踪方法作研究对比.仿真结果表明,在载噪比高于24dB·Hz的环境下,BOC(1,1)的双环跟踪误差趋近于0,小于联合跟踪方法下的跟踪误差,实现了良好的处理效果.     

一种北斗非差非组合长距离基准站模糊度解算方法

为了充分利用各频率观测值信息,提出了一种非差非组合的北斗卫星导航系统长距离基准站间整周模糊度解算方法。首先,直接利用不同频率的观测值建立误差观测方程,并采用随机游走策略估计相对天顶对流层湿延迟误差和电离层延迟误差,增加历元间的约束;然后,采用一种非差整周模糊度实时线性计算方法,依次得到基准站网当前历元所有卫星的非差整周模糊度,解决了在基准星变换时,模糊度需要承接或者重新进行法方程叠加的问题;最后,使用实测数据进行方法验证,结果表明,各基准站模糊度平均固定速度为20个历元（采样间隔1 s）,可快速实现基准站载波相位整周模糊度解算。由于所提方法充分利用了各频率观测值信息,避免了线性组合放大噪声对整周模糊度固定的影响,其模糊度固定成功率与无电离层组合法相比有较大的提高。     

Optimum Data Vector Approach to Multibaseline SAR Interferometry Phase Unwrapping

Phase unwrapping is a key problem not only in all quantitative applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry but also in other fields. In this letter, a new phase unwrapping approach is investigated. Our study is based on the model of the optimum data vector. In order to autocoregister the SAR images, the proposed method takes advantage of the multibaseline optimal weighted joint data vector by extracting all the coherence information available in the neighboring pixels. Moreover, the method employs the projection of the joint signal subspace onto the corresponding noise subspace to estimate the unwrapped interferometric phases (or the terrain heights). The proposed method can accurately determine the dimensions of the noise subspace and provide the robust unwrapped interferometric phases even in the presence of the large image coregistration errors. Moreover, the multibaseline processing idea is a combination of data optimization, image coregistration, interferogram filtering, and phase unwrapping.     

北斗卫星类型间偏差快速改正分析

针对北斗卫星类型间偏差（ISTB）导致载波相位差分高精度定位（RTK）的整周模糊度无法固定问题,本文提出了改进ISTB快速改正方法,在观测量层面仅利用1组不同卫星类型的载波相位差分观测量即可实现ISTB估计与改正,实际应用中较传统方法更具普适性与简易性。该方法的测试结果表明,ISTB值由NH码调制不同引起,不同频点的ISTB值具有不一致性;此外,有无改正ISTB的北斗RTK性能对比反映了ISTB会严重降低整周模糊度固定与RTK定位性能。由此可知,本文方法能够保障现阶段北斗接收机更新换代过程中北斗RTK的高精度与高可靠性能。     

3种PPP模型的统一模糊度固定方法

精密单点定位(PPP)的模糊度经未校准硬件延迟小数部分(FCB)产品改正后,可恢复整周特性,能够显著缩短PPP的初始化时间。然而由于用户端模糊度固定模型需与服务端FCB产品保持一致,不仅造成了用户端面临不同FCB产品无法使用的问题,而且加重了服务端的链路传输压力。本文提出一种基于用户端3种PPP模型(消电离层组合、无电离层约束的非组合以及先验电离层约束的非组合模型)的统一模糊度固定方法,不同用户端可采用同一种FCB产品实现模糊度的快速固定。选取全球116个MGEX测站作为服务端生成3种FCB产品,选取未参与服务端解算的50个测站作为用户端进行验证。试验结果表明,本文方法解决了用户端面临不同FCB产品的PPP模糊度固定问题,在定位精度、收敛时间、固定率方面与传统方法保持一致。     

基于多接收机模糊度关联的动态PPP快速重新收敛方法

针对由于遮挡等原因造成卫星信号中断后精密单点定位（precise point positioning,PPP）需要重新收敛的问题,提出了一种基于多接收机模糊度关联的动态PPP快速重新收敛方法。以远海地区精密定位为背景,充分利用了远海地区实践应用中经常在测量船的不同位置上架设多台接收机的基本特点,建立不同接收机的模糊度之间的关系,获取发生数据中断的接收机的先验模糊度,进而完成动态PPP的快速重新收敛。实验结果表明,附加基线长度约束的两个接收机单历元固定双差模糊度的成功率在99%以上;在单历元固定双差模糊度的情况下,无论数据中断多长时间,所提算法都可以单历元完成动态PPP的重新收敛,并且收敛后的定位精度同数据中断前的定位精度相同。