结合模平方的双树复小波变形监测数据滤波

针对变形监测数据的去噪问题,该文在分析离散小波变换去噪不足的基础上,提出了一种基于模平方的双树复小波变形监测数据滤波方法。该方法利用双树复小波变换的完全重构、近似平移不变性和较好的方向选择性等特点,通过最小尺度空间的小波系数得到噪声强度,并结合模平方处理法确定各层的阈值,经重构阈值处理后的各层小波系数即得到去噪后的信号;经算例,并与传统离散小波变换对比分析。结果表明:双树复小波变换的分解效果优于传统离散小波变换,能较好地表现出细节部分的频率信息,使变形信号的周期性变化特征更为明显。该方法去噪更彻底,进一步提高了消噪的精度和可靠性,可作为变形监测数据降噪处理的新方法。     

局部均值分解的新小波阈值去噪法及其应用

为了克服小波硬、软阈值函数本身存在的缺点,该文在硬、软阈值函数的基础上,提出一种新的小波阈值函数,并且基于局部均值分解的原理,构造了基于局部均值分解的新小波阈值去噪法。仿真数据对比分析表明,与单纯采用小波阈值去噪法、经验模态分解(EMD)滤波去噪法及局部均值分解滤波去噪法相比,该文方法的去噪效果更好,可有效提高信号的信噪比。利用本文方法对液体静力水准仪获取的高速铁路某桥梁实际监测数据进行去噪处理,结果表明去除监测数据中噪声的同时亦可保留变形细部特征。该文方法可为工程中的非线性、非平稳监测数据去噪提供参考和借鉴。     

一种改进小波阈值去噪方法的研究

信号噪声的方差越大,信噪分离越困难,这样会降低小波在去噪方面的性能,使小波去噪得不到充分的发挥.为了解决这一问题,本文介绍一种方法:采用模糊控制滤波器对含噪信号进行预处理,从而降低白噪声的方差;然后用软、硬阈值法分别对处理过的信号进行去噪.仿真实验表明,去噪后的信号的信噪比和均方误差均优于单纯使用软、硬阈值算法,具有很...     

一种自相关函数绝对值均值变点的去噪方法

针对CEEMD去噪基于能量准则判定分界点存在稳定性差的问题,该文以噪声和有用信号各自的自相关函数特点之间的差异为基础,提出了一种基于自相关函数绝对值均值变点的CEEMD去噪方法。该方法利用噪声和有用信号各自的自相关函数值存在差异的特点,实现了噪声和信号模态分界点的定量判定,对发现的噪声模态分量,采用小波软阈值法去噪,保留了存在于噪声模态分量中有用的信号。bjfs和auck两个CORS站20余年的高程时间序列数据,实验结果表明:该方法可以定量判定噪声和信号模态的分界点,去噪后信噪比提高14%以上,而且采用均方根误差指标统计的高程时间序列预报精度提高了44%以上。提出了一种基于自相关函数绝对值均值变点的CEEMD去噪方法,实现了CORS站高程坐标分量数据的去噪。     

地物反射率探测激光雷达回波信号的小波去噪

从能量、图形、统计多角度出发,提出了由信噪比、平滑度等6项指标组成的小波消噪效果评价体系,对各算法去噪后信号作出全面客观评价。实验结果表明,基于3σ准则的阈值法与模极大值法相结合的小波去噪方法可以有效地去除噪声,效果优于其他方法。     

新阈值及阈值函数的评价和变形预测实验

变形监测数据是判断对象是否会发生异常变化的重要依据,但实测数据会被带入噪声,将隐藏其实际变化规律。本文利用含有高斯白噪声的信号来评价两种新的阈值及阈值函数的去噪效果,并评价两种新的阈值及阈值函数在提高预测精度方面的效果。实验表明,较传统的硬/软阈值函数,两种新阈值及阈值函数的去噪效果更优,而且该组合方法提高了预测的可靠性和精度。     

基于提升格式小波包变换的SAR图像去噪

基于信号和噪声在提升格式小波分解中呈现出的不同特性，提出了一种新的小波包去噪算法。该算法采用提升格式小波对SAR图像进行最优小波包分解，并计算每个子频带的能量范数，然后根据软阈值法和能量范数区分信号和噪声，达到去除噪声的目的。试验结果表明，该算法对SAR图像具有较好的去噪效果，不仅可以去除图像中的大部分噪声，而且可以较好地保留图像纹理的细节信息。与传统小波包算法相比，其计算速度快了一倍左右。     

基于小波阈值法去噪的建筑物变形监测数据处理

基于小波阈值法具有非常明显的渐进近似最优性质,可以在均方差意义下取得最优的去噪效果,利用小波阈值法去噪的技术,对一组建筑物变形监测数据进行去噪处理.实验结果表明,小波阈值去噪合理有效,能够敏感识别观测噪声和有用信息,不需要待检测信号的先验知识,特别适合于建筑物变形监测数据处理.     

改进的软阈值法去噪效果分析

本文针对固定阈值法对信号去除噪声会出现"过扼杀"小波系数的现象,提出一种改进的阈值公式,进而给出改进的软阈值法。理论分析、工程实例的结果表明:改进的软阈值法无论在去噪效果上,还是在信噪比和均方根误差意义上均优越于硬、软阈值法,同时还有效地克服了软阈值中的估计小波系数和带噪小波系数间的恒定偏差问题。     

自适应移动盒子的机载LiDAR点云去噪算法

针对现有LiDAR点云去噪算法难以实现自适应的问题,该文提出了基于空间盒子结构的自适应移动盒子去噪算法。基于经验模型建立盒子自适应准则,较好规避了现有算法的去噪阈值确定问题;采用聚类分析实现噪声点与有效点的精确标示。基于不同类型噪声的点云数据实验结果表明:与现有去噪算法相比,基于自适应移动盒子的去噪算法具有更好的适应性和去噪效果。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

自动车辆定位导航系统中传感器的误差分析

对国界定位导航系统中几种常见的辅助传感器所产生的误差进行了分析，导出了不同传感器的误差模型。这些误差模型是估计车辆位置的扩展卡尔曼滤波器的基础，同时也为选择适当的传感器提供了理论根据。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.