推进渔业高质量发展建设现代渔业强省的思考

推进广东省渔业高质量发展是推进渔村振兴战略,建设广东海洋强省的重要支撑。文章从优化渔业发展战略布局、提升养殖和资源环境的协调可持续发展、统筹海洋渔业资源开发、推动渔业全产业链的融合4个角度提出了促进广东省渔业高质量发展的路径和建议,为广东省渔业发展提供决策建议。研究表明,夯实渔业生产基础,实施质量兴渔战略,构建渔村产业融合发展体系,是推进广东省现代海洋渔业发展重要内容。结合广东省未来经济社会发展战略,未来广东省要进一步优化渔业发展空间战略格局,打造珠三角都市特色养殖区、粤东西特色鱼虾养殖区和北部生态特色养殖区3个各具特色的养殖区,建设沿海海水养殖优势带、西江和北江下游淡水养殖优势带、东江下游淡水养殖优势带。科学划定禁养区、限养区和养殖区,强化渔业养殖、加工和贸易协调发展。     

副渔获的分离技术及分离机理

本文综述了副渔获的分离技术及分离机理。指出以网渔具本身或装设的分离装置达到副渔获分离的目的 ,在对生物多样性的保护、渔业资源的可持续利用等方面都具有现实意义与应用价值。     

Fisheries co-management as empowerment

Empowerment is both a condition and a goal of fisheries co-management. In this paper I attempt to explain what empowerment means, what it requires, and what can be expected from it. The concept emphasizes psychological as well as sociological factors. It works at an individual and a collective level. For fisheries co-management to become sustainable, empowerment must occur at both levels. Thus, co-management entails more than institutional design and participatory democracy. It also requires capacity enhancement. The good news is that these processes are mutually dependent and reinforcing. They should therefore proceed hand in hand, and it does not matter very much which of them is undertaken first.     

Fisheries management in Iceland

This paper describes the main elements of fisheries management in Iceland and its development in recent years. The system of fishery management has failed to prevent serious depletion of the cod stock. The comprehensive ITQ system in Iceland seems to be functioning well and has led to increased economic efficiency. The authorities have taken the crisis in the cod-fishery seriously and reduced the catches substantially. They have introduced a TAC rule that will lead to a recovery of the cod stock and to an optimal exploitation, providing that the authorities are prepared to persevere with the system.     

Natura 2000 and the European Common Fisheries Policy

The implementation of the Natura 2000 network of marine protected areas under the European Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) has far-reaching implications for fisheries. To date, no consistent approaches have been established to develop fisheries management measures in Natura 2000 areas, and no European member state has proposed any fisheries measures to the European Commission for consideration under the Common Fisheries Policy. Four key issues are identified in the relationship between fisheries and Natura 2000, and the possible role that the future Common Fisheries Policy could have in this context is discussed. There is a need (1) for a consistent framework to integrate scientific advice, stakeholder participation and management in the management process; (2) for a common methodology to prioritize conservation objectives, in particular for transboundary protected areas; (3) for a consistent framework to assess and evaluate fisheries impacts to define management measures; and (4) to define spatial properties for fisheries. The results from the projects EMPAS (Germany), FIMPAS (the Netherlands), and INDEMARES (Spain) and the Dogger Bank case are discussed.     

Fisheries biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism in Mauritius

This paper addresses the sustainability of the tourism sector from the perspective of a Small Island Developing State (SIDS), Mauritius. In this respect, the relationship between tourist earnings and fisheries biodiversity is examined. We begin, in the first place, by tracking and analyzing the evolution of fisheries biodiversity, a catalyst of the island's tourism, through the computation of Shannon's entropy index applied to 20 categories of fish experimented over a period of 25 years. In the second stage, this index is introduced, along with other control variables, in a regression equation to ascertain its potential impact on the value added of the tourism sector. Our empirical findings based on 25 years of observations undeniably reveal that fisheries biodiversity does play a major role in enhancing the revenue generated by the tourism sector. Hence, it is vital to promote biodiversity conservation, at least within the fisheries sector, to sustain economic progress; more so, given that tourism constitutes a major pillar of the economy of Mauritius and which is expected to grow even further.     

Fisheries and coastal governance as a wicked problem

Inspired by Rittel and Webber [Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences 1973;4:155–69], it is argued that fisheries and coastal governance is confronted with problems that are inherently “wicked.” Problems are wicked (as opposed to “tame”) when they are difficult to define and delineate from other and bigger problems and when they are not solved once and for all but tend to reappear. Wicked problems have no technical solution, it is not clear when they are solved, and they have no right or wrong solution that can be determined scientifically. Instead, for wicked problems governance must rely on the collective judgment of stakeholders involved in a process that is experiential, interactive and deliberative. In this paper, the wicked problem is identified as a governability issue, recognizing that there are limitations to how rational and effective fisheries and coastal governance can possibly be. The paper offers a framework which could help us locate the wicked problems within the fisheries and coastal governance system, as well as examine their governability.     

Fisheries and mangroves: US — Malaysian project

The University of Rhode Island (URI), USA, internationally known for its marine resource development and management studies, has undertaken the task of cooperating with three Malaysian universities in strengthening their responses to marine-related problems and opportunities.     

The Common Fisheries Policy and UK quota management

Exclusive Economic Zones and the formulation of a Common Fisheries Policy have profoundly reshaped the political geography of the NE Atlantic fisheries. Outlining the characteristics of the new management framework, the paper draws attention to the use of Total Allowable Catches (TACs) as a mechanism for attempting to reconcile the need for stock conservation with demands for equitable allocation of catches between member states and the creation of an orderly market. Member states are free to manage their fisheries within the parameters set by TACs. For Britain, two systems have evolved: a centralised system for Area VII and a devolved system of ‘sectoral quota management’ for Areas IV and VI in which Producer Organisations can assume the role of quota managers on behalf of their members. The paper examines the latter system in detail and points to the inevitable conflicts between equity and efficiency.     

Fisheries science and sustainability in international policy: a study of failure in the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy

Within the European Union, scientific fisheries research and advice is passed down a chain of central European institutions before being incorporated into policy. However, advice is often poorly or only partially implemented and the system has largely failed to achieve sustainable fisheries management.This paper aims to explain why, by examining the use of fisheries science within the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The problem is examined with respect to both the political system and fisheries science, to show that the factors in both the supply, and the subsequent use, of scientific data inhibit effective fisheries management.     

Productivity, Fisheries and Aquaculture in Temperate Estuaries

The past 30 years have seen many advances in our understanding of estuarine productivity. Data are available for a variety of primary, secondary and tertiary producers, and empirical productivity models covering the gamut from bacteria to fisheries yield have been constructed. However, there is still a shortage of understanding as to the structuring and control of the systems. Evidence to date suggests that estuarine fisheries are being over-exploited with several species highly endangered. While aquaculture does offer the prospect of continuing growth, concerns are starting to be expressed over its immediate and long-term environmental impacts.     

上海市海洋渔业国际竞争力研究

为进一步促进上海市海洋渔业的发展,文章在概述其生产和出口贸易情况的基础上,运用资源禀赋指数、国际市场占有率和显示性比较优势指数实证分析其国际竞争力,并提出影响因素和对策建议。研究结果表明:2006—2015年,上海市海洋渔业的生产总量较东海区渔业大省偏低,出口总额有下降趋势;资源禀赋、国际市场占有率和显示性比较优势方面均处于较低水平,国际竞争力整体较弱;针对制约上海市海洋渔业国际竞争力提升的生态环境、体制机制、产业发展和科技支撑等因素,应加强海洋生态环境保护和渔业资源监控、提高管理效率、促进产业联动和融合发展以及提高产业科技应用率。     

The International Symposium on Fisheries Oceanography

<正>Fisheries oceanography is the study of oceanic environment-fishery processes affecting the abundance and distribution of fish species,and focuses on understanding of integrated marine ecosystem processes and seeks to reduce uncertainty in management decisions through interdisciplinary research.In order to bring together scientists and researchers to share and exchange information,experiences and research results in