褶皱复杂程度的分形分类

本文根据褶皱的白相似性特征,引用分形概念,分析褶皱的分形分布特性,并利用MichaelBamsley（1986）的分形插值理论首次模拟褶皱的复杂形态,主要利用插值点（x、y）和褶皱扰动系数d模拟各种褶皱,在此基础上,提出褶皱复杂程度的分形分类方案。这种新的分类方案即褶皱形态的传统分类名称附缀分形分类名称,解决了传统分类方法不能区分褶皱复杂性的难题。这种方法使褶皱的形态分析达到较精确的定量描述和分类,分形分类方法是对褶雏形态分类的一个补充。     

褶皱复杂程序的分形分类

本文根据褶皱的自相似性特征，引用分形概念，分析褶皱的分形分布特性，并利用Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌ Ｂａｒｎｓｌｅｙ（１９８６）的分形插值理论首次模拟褶皱的复杂形态，主要利用插值点（ｘ，ｙ）和褶皱扰动系数ｄ模拟各种褶皱。在此基础上，提出褶皱复杂程序的分开分类方案。这种新的分类方案即褶皱形态的传统分类名称附缀分形分类名称，解决了传统分类方法不能区分褶皱复杂性的难题。这种方法使褶皱的形态分析达到较精确的定量描述和     

汶川─理县志留系茂县群无根钩状褶皱构造初步解析

钩状褶皱又称无根钩状褶皱，是区域变质岩中广泛发育的特有构造形态之一，与面状构造置换密切相关。对它的研究，有助于恢复大型褶皱形态和变质岩原岩产状。本文初步探讨了四川汶川─理县志留系茂县群中广泛发育的无根钩状褶皱的形态、产状、成因和与大型褶皱构造的关系。     

利用岩层产状确定褶皱的几何函数

经典的构造地质理论常以傅里叶级数对褶皱形态进行拟合，并根据褶皱层面不同位置的坐标值来确定傅里叶系数，进而用系数ｂ３／ｂ１比值来判别褶皱形状，现通过对褶皱层面产状的系统测定来求解傅里叶级数，并提出了判别褶皱形状的切线比图解。     

琅琊山铜矿床控矿构造的再认识

以构造解析为手段,突破前人对琅琊山铜矿区的传统地质构造认识,提出区域应变滑劈理控 岩,“Ａ”形劈滑褶皱控矿的新论点,并以此来阐述矿体赋存特征及形态、产状、规模等特征。     

地质图切剖面中褶皱构造的计算机辅助编绘

计算机对褶皱的处理能力的强弱，是决定地质图切剖面计算机辅助编绘系统实用价值大小的一个重要指标。以兰姆赛分类方案为基础，通过褶皱形态的几何特征分析，提出一种针对简单背，向斜构造的计算机辅助设计算法，并编写出相应的褶皱剖面形态的模拟程序，利用各种不同形态的褶皱实例进行试验。证明该种算法正确可靠，将其嵌入作先前开发的地质图切剖面编绘程序中，可大大提高地质图切剖面编绘的自动化水平。     

小构造观察及应力分析

目前褶皱划分已普遍的采用三维空间的分类法,即使用枢纽产状与轴面产状结合划分褶皱类型。如果认真观察褶皱及相伴的劈理、节理能够进行简便易行的区域应力活动的分析。现以岷县座座沟汞矿观察到斜歪倾伏褶皱(图1)为例来分析该矿区应力活动的基本特征。     

江西城门山矿区侵位动力褶皱与控矿作用

本文阐述了侵位动力褶皱与岩体和区域性褶断构造的时空关系和侵位动力褶皱的平剖面及三维空间的形态、分布、变化特征及主要判别标志;探讨了侵位动力褶皱形成的温压环境与形成条件;论述了侵位动力褶皱对矿区不同类型矿体的产状、形态、空间展布及矿液富集的控制作用。     

褶皱构造与隐伏矿床预测

以鄂东地区接触交代型铁铜矿床勘探和矿山开采经验与理论为依据,分析了接触带在剖面和平面上的形态与褶皱构造的关系,以及岩体中捕虏体与褶皱构造的关系,提出了以褶皱构造产状为基础的几何图解法,可用于定性预测隐伏接触带的形态,并定量预测隐伏的成矿部位.     

褶皱的分形模拟

褶皱的定量描述是构造地质学的一个基本问题。利用褶皱分形模拟和分类的方法可以定量描述不同类型的复杂褶皱样式。分形理论能发现自然界中常见的、不稳定的、非线性和不规则的复杂现象中的内在规律。它研究自然界中没有特征长度的形状或集合的自相似性,其形状或集合的复杂程度可以用幂函数的指数D表示,这里的D就是分数维,即分形的维数。根据自然界褶皱具有分形样式的性质,利用分形插值方法模拟褶皱的形态和样式来定量描述不同的褶皱。分形插值实际上是一个建立分形插值函数的过程。根据已知的3个或4个点即插值点坐标值(x_n、y_n)就可以取不同d值利用分形插值程序建立     

Patterns of fold interference: influence of early fold shapes

Model experiments were specifically designed to test the effect of different profile shapes of early folds on refolding patterns. Comparison of natural examples with experimental results and analogy with engineering information on buckling of fold shapes suggest that, when layers are mechanically active during refolding, the profile shape of the early folds markedly affects the patterns of fold interference. Open rounded folds tend to refold to form dome and basin patterns of interference whereas isoclinal folds tend to refold by folding their axial plane, forming type 2 patterns of interference. Hence, the dimensions and shape of the profile of the early folds control the preferred buckling mode during refolding.     

A new isogon-cleavage classification and its application to natural and model fold studies

Traditional methods of studying natural folds are reviewed. A new method of describing cleavage attitude in folds is presented; the β plot. The combined graph of dip isogon angle ϕ (Hudleston 1973) and cleavage angle β is proposed as a linked classification of fold and cleavage geometry. Plots of β and βϕ are given for three natural fold examples. The classification is extended to the geometry and strain attitude (βϕ₅) of two finite-element models and the classical folding models. Results are compared and some tentative conclusions drawn on the relationship of cleavage, the XY plane of strain and dip isogons.     

洞穴石笋纹(壳)层构造类型研究

在大量大型石笋纵剖面观测研究的基础上,提出洞穴石笋成因形态分类,首次确立石笋纹(壳)层组合构造分类方案;阐明叠锥、叠柱、叠锥柱复合和叠锥柱彼此间夹复合等构造类型及类型中的拱凸、拱凹、水平、平凹等纹层(组)层面构造亚类的组成特征;指出有关构造类型和亚类是成笋时段洞顶滴水、滴流水水量和流态动态特征与过程的踪迹,纹(壳)层及其构造也是洞穴内外气候环境及洞穴(道、厅)地质、水文条件等制约因素的综合反映。      

Some applications of the Mohr diagram for three-dimensional strain

The Mohr diagram for strain is rarely used in its full form, as a representation of three-dimensional strain. Recent attention has focused on various uses of the Mohr circle to express two-dimensional strain tensors. This contribution redescribes the Mohr diagram for three-dimensional strain and illustrates some new applications. The Mohr diagram for any strain ellipsoid provides an immediate method for ellipsoid shape classification. However, its greatest new potential is considered to be in the representation of strain ellipses as sections of ellipsoids.Any plane section of a strain ellipsoid can be plotted on the ellipsoid's Mohr diagram: it is here called a ‘Mohr locus’ because it is constructed as a locus of points representing the sheaf of lines which can be considered to define the plane. Mohr loci for sectional ellipses have a variety of forms, according to their orientation in the strain ellipsoid. Generally oblique sections are represented by loops bounded by the three principal circles. Their most leftward and rightward points are the plane's principal axes. Any Mohr locus can be transformed into a Mohr circle for the sectional ellipse.Mohr diagrams with Mohr loci have considerable potential as a graphical method of deriving best-fit strain ellipsoids from natural strain data. This is illustrated in three examples.     

建筑边坡岩体分类及其应用合理性研究

当前的建筑边坡岩体分类不含外倾软弱结构面控制的边坡和倾倒崩塌型破坏的边坡,把岩体完整程度、结构面结合程度、结构面产状、岩石坚硬程度和地下水发育程度作为分类因素。对这种分类及其应用存在的问题进行了分析。研究表明,这个分类在分类规律、分类对象、分类因素等方面均不合理,也没有实际意义,已有的关于岩体性状的通用分类和专用于边坡的单因素分类对于边坡工程已经够用。提出了取消专用于边坡的岩体综合分类的建议。     

The geometrical classification of noncylindrical folds

The majority of naturally occurring folds are noncylindrical if definitions are strictly applied. A new classification of noncylindrical folds using a triangular plot and based on measurements of interlimb angle and hinge angle is proposed. The end-members of the triangular plot are planes, cylindrical isoclines, and isoclinal domes. An infinite range of cylindrical and noncylindrical plane fold shapes may be represented. Noncylindrical nonplane folds may be represented on the plot using proportional circles to signify the degree of non-planarity. The triangular diagram is used to classify large-scale folds from north Norway and their origin is discussed.     

Pebbles,Shapes, and Equilibria

The shape of sedimentary particles may carry important information on their history. Current approaches to shape classification (e.g. the Zingg or the Sneed and Folk system) rely on shape indices derived from the measurement of the three principal axes of the approximating tri-axial ellipsoid. While these systems have undoubtedly proved to be useful tools, their application inevitably requires tedious and ambiguous measurements, also classification involves the introduction of arbitrarily chosen constants. Here we propose an alternative classification system based on the (integer) number of static equilibria. The latter are points of the surface where the pebble is at rest on a horizontal, frictionless support. As opposed to the Zingg system, our method relies on counting rather than measuring. We show that equilibria typically exist on two well-separated (micro and macro) scales. Equilibria can be readily counted by simple hand experiments, i.e. the new classification scheme is practically applicable. Based on statistical results from two different locations we demonstrate that pebbles are well mixed with respect to the new classes, i.e. the new classification is reliable and stable in that sense. We also show that the Zingg statistics can be extracted from the new statistics; however, substantial additional information is also available. From the practical point of view, E-classification is substantially faster than the Zingg method.     

论湖南省泥盆系层控矿床的分类

本文就不同学者所提出的层控矿床分类方案进行了综合评述,论述了作者们近年来研究湖南省泥盆系层控矿床提出的一种新的分类方案,将其分为沉积—改造型(简称改造型)、后成渗滤热液型(简称渗滤型)和岩浆热液叠加型(简称叠加型)三大类;然后根据矿种及成矿元素组合分成若干类,再根据矿体形态及矿体与赋矿地层的整合关系分成若干小类。并就湖南省泥盆系内产出的矿床作了具体划分,总结了各类矿床的特点与区分标志。改造型矿床主要是黄铁矿床,矿质来自泥盆系,成矿受沉积相和同沉积断裂控制,渗滤型矿床主要为铅锌、锑、金矿床,矿质来自下伏岩层,成矿受成岩后长期活动断裂控制,叠加型矿床主要为钨、铅锌、磁黄铁矿等矿床,矿质主要来自燕山期岩体,成矿受燕山期断裂和岩浆作用控制。该分类对指导层控矿床的找矿勘探具有重要意义。     

层间滑动褶皱新见

本文报道的是出现在许多沉积岩区, 发育在厚薄相间岩层之中, 并由于层间滑动作用形成的AB复合或过度型褶皱.它具有不止一个方位褶皱枢纽, 表征非共轴叠加褶皱形态, 经历了早期B形和晚期A形褶皱演化过程, 最终形成迄今鲜有报道, 但却实际广泛存在.文中首先介绍了这一褶皱在西藏、湖北黄石、湖北秭归, 四川西昌等地区的野外产出状态, 继而从横剖面、纵剖面、平面以及立体空间角度描叙了它的全方位几何形态特征, 进而从变形介质结构和剪应变值(γ) 的物性特征方面分析了它的变形控制条件, 最后以“滑移褶皱极限”理论并部分借鉴鞘褶皱的形成机理探讨了它的形成演化过程.