闽北一次初春强降水的成因分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、新一代天气雷达资料,对2012年3月6日-7日福建省北部地区暴雨成因进行诊断分析。结果表明:此次降水过程在高空西风槽南下带来的冷空气与西南暖湿气流交汇的背景下产生,暴雨区位于低空西南急流北侧、低层切变南侧、地面冷锋附近;强降水落区位于层结不稳定的湿区中,低层辐合、高层辐散有利于对流发展;干冷空气的侵入时高层高值位涡库向北向下伸展,促使中低层气旋涡度发展,从而导致强降水的发生;雷达回波分析表明,低层暖平流、高层冷平流、区域上空辐合形势都有利于对流性降水的产生。     

"07.5"湖北大暴雨的中尺度系统及降水成因分析

利用2007年5月30～31日天气图、物理量场、卫星云图和雷达回波资料及常规观测资料,采取天气学诊断分析方法,对湖北省初夏一次暴雨天气过程的大尺度环流特征、中尺度系统和强降水成因进行了分析。结果表明:高层辐散、冷空气与西南暖湿气流交绥、鄂中切变线维持、副热带高压稳定少动,是这次暴雨发生发展的有利大尺度环流背景;强对流云团或西南低涡中尺度云团是造成江汉平原北部、鄂东及鄂西南北部强降水的主要云团;整个暴雨过程伴随着强对流雷达回波的初生、发展、合并和减弱,降水主要由逐渐发展的强回波造成;低空急流输送水汽、中低层层结对流不稳定、低层辐合与高层辐散配置以及暴雨区存在较强锋生作用是此次暴雨的主要降水成因。     

2011年5月11-12日广西区域性暴雨诊断分析

利用NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、常规观测资料、自动站雨量资料、卫星TBB资料和雷达资料.对2011年5月11-12日广西出现的区域性暴雨进行诊断分析.结果表明:暴雨是在欧亚中高纬地区为两脊一槽的环流背景下产生的.500hPa南支槽、850hPa低涡和地面辐合线是其主要影响系统.水汽从南海输送到广西上空.并在桂西北产生强烈辐合.暴雨发生前广西处于θse高能舌区内,低层暖平流、中高层冷平流加剧大气层结的不稳定.在500hPa南支槽前正涡度平流输送下,桂西北850hPa低涡得到加强,低层辐合、高层辐散的垂直结构,有利于产生强烈的垂直上升运动.强降水与桂西北两个MBCS云团的强烈发展有关,冷云顶在-52℃以下的TBB低值区与暴雨落区有较好的对应关系.涡旋状降水回波的不断新生东北移是导致区域性暴雨发生的原因之一.     

2012年春季河南一次区域暴雨的诊断分析

利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°间隔6 h再分析资料,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对2012年4月23-24日河南省一次春季暴雨的形成机制进行分析,结果表明:高纬冷空气沿贝加尔湖低涡后部偏北气流南下,在河套西部形成深厚低槽,低槽携带冷空气东移,在河南境内与强盛的西南急流汇合,是本次暴雨过程的天气背景。冷空气的侵入有利于西南涡的加强,而南支槽前的正涡度平流促使西南低涡沿切变线向东北方向移出,使得切变线南侧西南低空急流加强,为暴雨的发生提供了有利的动力与水汽条件。短时强降水发生前,低层能量场出现明显辐合,当低层能量场转为辐散时,能量释放,有利于短时强降水的出现。高层辐散、低空辐合的动力条件配置,使得大范围垂直上升运动加强,特别是高层散度场的下伸,利于降水释放潜热,增加大气的不稳定,进而利于强降水的发生。850 h Pa垂直螺旋度中心大值区域能很好地反映切变线、急流等与低涡相联系的天气系统,其中心强度的迅速变化能较好地指示降水的落区和强度。     

一次陕北区域性暴雨过程的诊断分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP1°×1°6h再分析资料,对2014年7月8—9日陕北一次区域性暴雨过程进行了分析,结果表明:暴雨过程在河套北部冷空气和高原槽前的偏南暖湿气流共同作用下形成,高原槽、低涡切变是主要高空影响系统,西北路冷锋是地面的主要影响系统,降水主要发生在冷锋附近到其后部低层冷空气与高空暖湿气流交汇区域。雷达回波分析表明,暴雨过程有两个不同的降水时段,8日14—20时主要为对流性降水,回波强度大于55dBz的带状回波,造成陕北东部出现了20~50mm的降水;9日02—08时为冷锋后的层状云降水,回波以均匀的层云降水回波为主;速度图在2.4km高度上有18m/s左右的偏南急流,是降水持续的主要原因。物理量分析表明,暴雨落区与700hPa的水汽通量散度大值区对应很好;暴雨区上升运动层深厚,最大上升运动区在600hPa附近;在暴雨区北侧为冷锋后部的东北风下沉气流,同时暴雨区上空有西南风上升气流,这股气流沿着暴雨区北侧低层冷空气爬升,冷暖气流交汇,产生强降水;暴雨发生在能量锋区附近,陕北地区对流层中低层有显著锋生,有利于上升运动的加强,形成强降水。     

江西一次暴雨过程的诊断分析

利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面与探空资料、卫星资料等,对2012年5月12日发生在江西省中部的一次暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：本次暴雨过程发生在冷锋南侧地面倒槽区,由高层西风槽、低层低空急流及切变线、低涡共同影响所致。中低层西南气流的加强,一方面使暴雨区有充足的水汽输送,同时也使该区对流不稳定度加大,加强了暴雨区上空的对流上升运动。中尺度辐合线是强对流暴雨的触发机制,而冷锋影响使地面东风气流加强,冷空气入侵致中尺度辐合线演变为中尺度低压,中尺度低压是江西短时强降水长时间持续的机制;500hPa高空槽东移,槽前正涡度平流向江西上空输送,利于低层低涡生成和维持、上升运动加强,从而导致降水增强。冷空气影响初始阶段,〉10mm·h-1 的中尺度雨团产生在中尺度辐合线及其所演变成低压的1、2象限即中尺度辐合线或中尺度低压偏北一侧,随着冷空气的进一步入侵,中尺度雨团产生于中尺度低压的偏南一侧。     

湖南一次暖区极端特大暴雨多尺度特征分析

利用多源资料对2016年6月14—15日发生在湖南株洲的一次极端特大暴雨过程进行了多尺度特征分析。结果表明:强降雨位于地面冷锋南侧的暖区内,阻高崩溃形成的阶梯槽带动冷空气南下与南支槽前暧湿气流在湖南交汇是造成此次强降雨的高空环流背景,稳定维持的地面辐合线为其提供了触发机制;本次极端降雨由对流性降雨和稳定性降雨组成,日雨量与小时雨量创株洲市建站以来极值;强降雨发生在高层正涡度向低层正涡度增强、上升气流发展最强及西南气流加强的过程中,高层辐散强于低层辐合,辐散抽吸作用强;中尺度云团演变特征显示,株洲特大暴雨主要由三个中γ尺度云团发展融合而成,出现在中尺度云团发展到成熟阶段,暴雨落区位于云团西部边缘的TBB梯度大值区;雷达降水回波主要以低质心回波为主,强降水回波在株洲中部地区生消发展造成明显的"列车效应",速度径向剖面可见明显的底层逆风区,在其前部有较强的斜升气流,使对流风暴得以维持和发展。     

2009年6月28-30日湖北区域性大暴雨诊断分析

利用NCEP资料、LAPS产品、地面自动站资料及卫星资料和多普勒雷达拼图资料,对2009年6月28—30日湖北区域性大暴雨过程的环流背景与动力、热力、水汽条件等进行了诊断分析。结果表明：此次过程是在贝加尔湖低槽东移、副热带高压加强西伸北抬、西南急流发展、低层切变线南压和低涡东移的条件下发生的;低空急流的发展使大气强烈转暖,低层辐合与正涡度、高层辐散与负涡度及其相互配合,为暴雨发生发展提供了有利的热力和动力条件;冷空气南下在高温高湿的长江流域形成锋区以及西南急流加强,不仅向暴雨区提供了充沛水汽,还与切变加强、低涡东移共同造成能量锋区锋生,沿低层θse能量锋区及切变线有多个对流云团和强回波生成引发区域性强降水。     

东北冷涡背景下浙江省两次强降水过程的对比分析

受东北冷涡西南部冷空气南下影响,2009年6月初浙江省连续发生了两次不同特点的强降水过程。利用常规气象观测资料、自动站资料、NCEP再分析资料及卫星TBB资料,对这两次东北冷涡背景下的强降水天气过程的大尺度环流背景和动力、热力及水汽输送条件进行对比分析。结果表明：同在东北冷涡天气背景下,由于中低层温度场配置不同、上下游系统强弱不同,导致浙江省发生的天气现象不同。6月2日降水是一次连续的区域性暴雨过程,雨带呈带状分布,以层状云降水为主,其低层为大范围的辐合,高层辐散,且低层辐合强于高层辐散;低空存在西南急流,为暴雨提供了重要的水汽和动力条件,大气层结比较稳定。6月5日强降水是一次强对流天气过程,降水分布不均匀,强度大,历时短,高、低空没有大范围的辐合辐散区,也没有低空西南急流,前期水汽条件较差,降水过程以热力作用为主;大气层结不稳定触发了强对流天气的发生,出现局地暴雨。两类暴雨的预报着眼点分别为：第1类区域性暴雨的预报重点为高层辐散、低层辐合结构和低空西南急流;第2类局地性暴雨的预报重点为大气的不稳定度与东北冷涡后部冷空气的干侵入。     

南疆西部一次罕见暴雨过程的成因分析

利用常规观测资料、T639初始场资料、NECP 1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2静止卫星和天气雷达资料,分析了2010年9月16-20日南疆西部一次罕见的暴雨过程.结果表明,暴雨发生在南亚高压双体型(高压中心分别位于伊朗高原和青藏高原东部)及中亚低槽向南的切涡有利大尺度环流背景下,高、中及低空三支急流的有利配置为暴雨的产生提供了动力和水汽条件,中小尺度辐合与对流是暴雨发生的直接始作俑者.这次暴雨过程的水汽来源有3部分:较深厚的中亚低涡西南气流所携带的水汽,中低层哈密南部至南疆盆地偏东气流的水汽集聚与辐合和中高层中亚南部偏南风所携带的暖湿气流接力输送.其中,85％的水汽输送来自偏东和偏南气流.强对流发生在暖区一侧,暴雨落区位于TBB最大梯度区并与云迹风的高层辐散相对应.3个时段的强降水均由混合性降水回波造成.其中,有中小尺度回波发展,但移动路径和强回波中心的位置有所不同.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.