西藏江玛地区闪长玢岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

目前对班公湖-怒江蛇绿混杂岩带的中酸性侵入岩的报道相对较少,对其成因和形成机制的研究有助于揭示班公湖-怒江特提斯洋构造带的岩浆作用过程和动力学背景.对西藏班公湖-怒江蛇绿混杂岩带江玛地区的闪长玢岩进行了年龄分析、岩石地球化学研究.闪长玢岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为121±1 Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世晚期.岩石地球化学特征表明,闪长玢岩具高Al₂O₃含量（18.2%~19.3%）,属高铝玄武岩,岩石富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素Rb、K等,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti,属典型的岛弧玄武岩.综合区域地质资料认为,江玛地区闪长玢岩可能形成于俯冲带前缘增生的岛弧环境,是早白垩世期班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳岩石圈南向俯冲消减背景下,板片脱水形成的流体与地幔楔橄榄岩发生交代作用的产物.      

西藏改则地区阿布山岩体岩石地球化学、年代学及地质构造意义

青藏高原西部改则地区的阿布山岩体位于班公湖—怒江缝合带北侧,岩性以闪长玢岩为主。岩石化学上表现为高K2O(1.11%~3.95%),高Na2O(平均4.01%),高Al2O3(15%,平均16.78%),低Mg O(3%,平均2.69%),显示为中钾钙碱性-高钾钙碱性过渡的特征。微量元素显示富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti等)。稀土元素配分图显示为右倾模式,说明是轻稀土富集型,δEu平均为0.89,δCe平均为0.91,具有弱铕、铈异常,具有典型岛弧火山岩的特征。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为113.3±1.1Ma、113.6±1.3Ma,表明在早白垩世晚期班公湖—怒江洋盆北向俯冲消减过程中,导致地幔楔部分熔融,形成岛弧岩浆,由于持续俯冲消减作用使得下地壳发生部分熔融,形成花岗岩熔体,并且向地壳浅部侵位、冷凝结晶形成。     

青藏高原西部班公湖岛弧带特提斯洋盆闭合后的地壳伸展作用

青藏高原西部班公湖-怒江缝合带西端的班公湖地区分布着一系列南北向和东西向岩脉: 花岗斑岩和闪长玢岩.通过岩石地球化学系统分析和锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS年龄测定, 指出这些岩脉代表了班公湖中特提斯洋盆闭合后的地壳伸展事件.呈南北向产出的花岗斑岩脉13个锆石颗粒测试结果给出了79.59±0.32Ma(MSWD=1.08)的加权平均年龄; 既有南北向也有东西向产出的闪长玢岩脉6个锆石颗粒给出了75.9±1.2Ma(MSWD=2.8)的加权平均年龄.这些结果表明班公湖岛弧带发生在晚白垩世的地壳伸展作用一开始只沿东西向进行, 稍后南北向也开始伸展.岩石地球化学特征表明, 2种脉岩都具有岛弧岩浆特征, 这是由于岩浆源区的印度洋MORB型地幔受到了来自俯冲沉积物熔体的交代.处于较深部位的闪长玢岩源区参与交代的沉积物熔体大体在1%~10%之间, 部分熔融程度约为8%~15%;处于较浅部位的花岗斑岩源区参与交代的沉积物熔体约在10%~15%之间, 部分熔融程度大于15%.      

西藏改则地区沙木罗组中早白垩世晚期闪长玢岩的发现:班公湖-怒江特提斯洋北向俯冲板片折返事件的响应SCIEI北大核心CSCD

改则地区闪长玢岩位于藏西北班公湖-怒江成矿带西段北缘,呈岩脉状侵位在成岩于浅海环境的沙木罗组地层中,是班公湖-怒江特提斯洋向北俯冲造山消减过程的产物,而其岩石成因、地质意义和深部动力学过程等尚欠缺详细的研究。本文研究了发育于改则地区的闪长玢岩,对其开展了岩相学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学以及元素和同位素地球化学的研究,对其岩石成因、成岩构造地质背景、深部地球动力学过程等进行了分析和讨论,并对其含矿性进行了评价,为该地区下一步找矿方向提供了初步的设想。锆石U-Pb同位素年代测试显示闪长玢岩具有较多锆石结晶年龄段,相较于研究区出露的沙木罗组碎屑锆石年代学特征,其最新年龄段(117~126Ma)加权平均年龄为120.4Ma,可代表其结晶年龄。元素地球化学结果显示闪长玢岩具有弧岩浆的典型特征,属于高钾钙碱性和准铝质系列岩石,结合锆石微量元素等指标综合判断其属于I型花岗岩类岩石。本文综合全岩Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成特征等分析认为,闪长玢岩形成于新生玄武质下地壳的部分熔融,岩浆源区残留相以角闪岩相为主,源区物质有少量沉积物组份的参与,侵位过程中分离结晶和地壳混染作用不明显。通过多种方法判别并结合区域构造背景,我们认为闪长玢岩成岩于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋北向俯冲板片折返的地球动力学背景。由于地处俯冲板片后端根部,改则地区闪长玢岩俯冲角度小于成岩于俯冲板片前端同时代的多龙矿集区中酸性岩浆岩,亦小于成岩于相同板片构造位置的103.5Ma的革吉闪长玢岩,暗示120.4~103.5Ma时班公湖-怒江特提斯洋北向俯冲板片仍处于持续折返阶段。由于其俯冲角度较小以及岩浆源区低氧逸度等因素导致其无法成矿。因此建议在多龙矿集区和改则县中间位置寻找可能的与俯冲背景有关的成矿靶区,但是否见矿还应考虑构造、围岩、后期保存等条件的影响。     

西藏日土地区弗野岩体的成因——锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素约束

班公湖—怒江成矿带西段日土—多龙地区为一条燕山期岩浆弧,已相续发现多处大、中型矿产,具有良好的成矿地质条件。弗野岩体位于该岩浆弧西侧,岩性以闪长岩和闪长玢岩为主,蚀变较强;微量元素原始地幔标准化后亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti,富集Th、U和Pb;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化后表现出整体向右缓倾,显示负Eu异常;D1046和D1049两件样品的锆石LuHf同位素结果显示,εHf(t)主要集中在-5.2~-12.2区间,TDM1模式年龄介于0.98~1.28Ga之间;锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为119.06±0.48Ma和120.03±0.68Ma,均形成于早白垩世中期。结合岩石地球化学特征判断其属于I型花岗岩类,源区物质来源于幔源物质和下地壳物质。根据该岩浆弧带的岩体特征判断,班公湖—怒江特提斯洋至少在中侏罗世已经开始了向北的俯冲作用,且在早白垩世这种向北的俯冲作用仍在持续。     

西藏日土地区弗野岩体的成因——锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素约束

班公湖—怒江成矿带西段日土—多龙地区为一条燕山期岩浆弧,已相续发现多处大、中型矿产,具有良好的成矿地质条件。弗野岩体位于该岩浆弧西侧,岩性以闪长岩和闪长玢岩为主,蚀变较强;微量元素原始地幔标准化后亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr和Ti,富集 Th、U和Pb;稀土元素球粒陨石标准化后表现出整体向右缓倾,显示负Eu异常;D1046和D1049两件样品的锆石Lu-Hf同位素结果显示,εHf(t)主要集中在-5.2～-12.2区间,TDM1模式年龄介于0.98~1.28Ga之间;锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值分别为119.06±0.48Ma和120.03±0.68Ma,均形成于早白垩世中期。结合岩石地球化学特征判断其属于I型花岗岩类,源区物质来源于幔源物质和下地壳物质。根据该岩浆弧带的岩体特征判断,班公湖—怒江特提斯洋至少在中侏罗世已经开始了向北的俯冲作用,且在早白垩世这种向北的俯冲作用仍在持续。     

班公湖-怒江缝合带西段沙木罗组地层中闪长玢岩脉的发现及其地质意义

为探讨班公湖-怒江缝合带西段沙木罗组地层中闪长玢岩脉的成因、构造环境及其对区域构造演化的指示,对其开展了年代学和全岩地球化学研究。结果表明,闪长玢岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(103.5±1.5)Ma,具准铝质高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩特征,中等分异,稀土配分模式呈左陡右缓的右倾型,具中等负铕异常,相对富集不相容元素Rb、K、Th、Zr、Hf、U等,而亏损Ba、Nb、P、Ti高场强元素。结合区域地质背景认为,闪长玢岩形成于班公湖-怒江洋向北俯冲的大陆边缘弧,俯冲沉积物熔体交代地幔楔发生部分熔融形成幔源岩浆,在密度差的作用下幔源岩浆向上运移,底侵下地壳,引发下地壳物质部分熔融,并与之发生混合,形成了研究区闪长玢岩的母源岩浆;早白垩世晚期班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳仍向北俯冲于南羌塘之下。     

班公湖-怒江缝合带中段东巧地区早白垩世岩浆作用——对大洋演化和地壳增厚的指示

对班公湖-怒江缝合带内的岩浆作用进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和地球化学分析,在辉绿岩中获得138.7±1.0Ma的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值,在流纹岩中获得了110.4±0.4Ma的谐和年龄,表明区内岩浆作用具有2期成因。地球化学研究认为,辉绿岩是地幔熔融的产物,花岗闪长岩为岩石圈地幔熔融的产物,而流纹岩显示2类不同的岩石地球化学特征,低Sr流纹岩为古老岩石圈地幔熔体经历分离结晶作用的产物,高Sr流纹岩具有埃达克岩的特征,为增厚下地壳熔融的产物。综合已有的研究,早白垩世岩浆作用在缝合带两侧均有展布,其中早期岩浆岩为班公湖-怒江洋双向俯冲的产物,末期岩浆岩是碰撞后俯冲洋壳前缘断离形成的。早白垩世班公湖-怒江洋经历了双向俯冲到大洋闭合的演化过程,并在早白垩世末期发生了俯冲洋壳的断离事件。同时,高Sr流纹岩的发现表明,早白垩世末期班公湖-怒江缝合带已经发生了明显的地壳增厚作用。     

西藏改则县铁格隆地区含矿玢岩特征与成因探讨

铁格隆地区含矿岩石以闪长玢石及石英闪长玢岩为主,属钙碱性岩系和高钾钙碱性岩系,显示I型花岗岩的特点。岩体形成于早白垩世班公湖-怒江洋盆俯冲消减构造环境,成岩岩浆属氧化型岩浆,来源于壳幔结合部,并受到壳源物质的强烈混染。与玉龙、冈底斯斑岩矿带含矿岩石进行对比,该含矿玢岩在岩石类型、岩石化学、地球化学及成岩构造环境等方面均存在明显差异,指示其成矿动力学背景、成矿机理与"碰撞"及"碰撞后"的斑岩型矿床不同,属形成于"岛弧"环境的斑岩型铜金矿床。     

西藏麻米地区晚侏罗世—早白垩世侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其对班-怒特提斯洋俯冲过程的制约

班公湖-怒江缝合带南、北两侧分布的大量中生代火成岩对约束班公湖-怒江特提斯洋演化过程具有重要意义。通过班公湖-怒江缝合带南侧麻米乡一带酸性侵入岩的锆石U-Pb年龄及地球化学特征研究,获得花岗斑岩206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为146~145 Ma,花岗闪长岩为140 Ma,代表这套侵入岩的形成时代为晚侏罗世末期—早白垩世早期。花岗斑岩与花岗闪长岩均显示出较高的SiO2(69.12%~76.54%)和Al2O3(12.44%~14.93%)含量及较低的MgO含量(0.19%~0.89%),属弱过铝质—强过铝质钙碱性花岗岩;同时富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等;稀土元素总量较低(∑REE=129 ×10-6~201×10-6),分馏程度较高(LREE/HREE=2.06~9.18),呈现出轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的特征,并具有负Eu异常,接近活动大陆边缘酸性岩浆岩的稀土元素配分模式。综合分析,麻米晚侏罗世—早白垩世酸性侵入岩主要来源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,岩浆演化过程经历了分离结晶作用。这套侵入岩表现出火山弧型性质,形成于俯冲的构造背景。结合前人研究与区域资料,认为班公湖-怒江洋晚侏罗世—早白垩世存在南向俯冲,形成了区域上的措勤-申扎构造岩浆弧,进一步证实班公湖-怒江特提斯洋在晚侏罗世—早白垩世发生了双向俯冲,为特提斯的构造演化提供了新的岩石学证据。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861