Deterministic signals in precipitation in Arkansas,Louisiana, and Mississippi

Evidence for a signal near 19 years is found in 51 out of 65 rain gauge records in the tri-state region of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi, While another term with period 10 to 11 years is found in 39 instances. These are identified as the 18.6-year luni-solarM _n and solar cycleS _c signals in climate variability. In terms of both amplitude and phase the luni-solar wave trains are highly nonstationary; in particular, the waves commonly change phase by 180°. Examples of theM _n andS _c terms in corn yield for Arkansas and Missouri are presented, and the implications for economic science briefly discussed.     

复合填料热传导过程数值模拟

复合填料由废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯（EPS）颗粒、水泥和水按一定质量比例混合制成,具有低导热性、抗冻胀和轻质特性。根据热阻力法则和比等效导热系数相等法则,将材料视为由大量正方形单元体组成,其中心为一个球形EPS颗粒,这种单元体与总体的导热系数相等。运用AN SY S软件对复合填料单元体的传热过程进行了有限元模拟,根据瞬态法导热系数测试原理,推求不同EPS掺入比情况下的复合填料导热系数,分析EPS颗粒与导热系数的关系,发现材料导热系数随着EPS掺入比的增加而快速降低。将材料导热系数数值模拟与实测结果作比较,发现有限元模拟值与实测值接近,说明采用有限元方法可以实现对材料传热过程的模拟。     

胜利油田深井地震监测系统技术改造及应用

随着现代科学技术的发展,数字化地震监测技术正在我国得到逐步普及。根据胜利油田的实际情况,作者对胜利油田深井数字化地震监测系统建设中主要考虑的影响因素、系统功能、技术方案和设备选型、系统特色、观测结果及应用等方面进行了深入的研究。经过4年多的运行证明,该系统建设功能齐全、先进,地震事件处理便捷、定位准确,对山东省尤其是渤海强震区的地震监测发挥了重要作用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Graben-Forming Process in Southern Xizang

I.INTRODUCTION It iS generally accepted that the stress state in the upper crust and upper mantle in the southernQinghai—Xiz~g Plateau is essentially extensional(Molnar and Tapponnier,1978;Chen and Molnar,1983:Armijo et a1.,1986).Data offocal.mechanism     

农村住宅砌体结构地震破坏数值模拟研究

国内震害调查表明我国农村房屋在地震中破坏严重,主要原因是农村自建房屋大都缺乏基本抗震措施.近年来有关部门针对农村房屋的抗震性能提出一些改进措施,但这些措施实际抗震效果如何,除了极少数通过模型试验验证外,很少得到验证.本文建立了砌体结构非线性有限元分析模型,以一幢农宅为研究对象,通过地震时程反应来再现其在地震作用下的破坏状况.研究表明本文提出数值模型能够较好的模拟砌体结构在地震中破坏过程,发现结构抗震薄弱部位.通过对三种模型对比分析表明圈梁和构造柱可以有效提高砌体结构整体抗震性能,但对局部破坏影响不大,需要在以后抗震设计中加以考虑.     

地震液化区桥台滑坡数值模拟

桥台在桥梁系统中占据重要位置,桥台的稳定性直接影响到桥梁的抗震性能。在国内外大量震害中发现大量由桥台破坏引起的桥梁损坏,而且这些破坏常常伴随着由于液化引起的地面大变形。为研究液化场地中桥台滑坡机理,采用完全耦合的有效应力分析方法,利用修正的PasterZienkiewicz Mark-Ⅲ模型来模拟砂土在地震荷载作用下的液化特性。研究台顶梁重和液化层位置对桥台位移的影响,并分析夯实作用对砂土液化的影响。结果表明:模拟得出结果与振动台试验结果基本一致,而且简单的夯实不能降低砂土液化的风险。     

Numerical Simulation of Deep-Water Convection in the Gulf of Lion

The unsteady-state process of deep-water convection in the Gulf of Lion has been observed and investigated in recent decades. However, the mechanisms of the uncertainty and irregularity of the deep-water convection in this region have not yet been fully understood. In this study, the effects of time variation of the surface buoyancy flux on the formation of the deep-water convection are examined. Numerical simulations using the Coupled Ocean/Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS^®) with the NRL Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) as an oceanic component were conducted for the period from October 1998 to September 2000 to cover two winters, 1998–1999 and 1999–2000, over the Gulf of Lion region. The results show large differences in the deep-water convection between the two winters, even though the total surface heat fluxes during the two winter seasons are similar. The differences are related to the time variation of the surface buoyancy flux that causes large differences in the preconditioning and mixing stages of the convection.     

西藏南部地堑构造成因的数值模拟

青藏高原上地壳在印度洋板块的挤压作用下发育出大量断层，因此上地壳的破碎已经从整体上降低了其有效粘滞系数。其所承受的水平向压应力逐渐转移到中、下地壳中。随着应力转移的进行，上地壳和上地幔内σ１可能已转为垂直方向，处于拉张减薄状态，并在藏南地区形成了一系列张性地堑构造。而目前在中、下地壳内σ１可能仍为近南北的水平方向。在印度洋板块的强烈挤压下，该深度范围内柔性的中、下地壳物质仍在垂直方向继续膨胀、增厚，并导致青藏高原的继续抬升。本文利用粘弹性蠕变本构关系的有限元方法模拟了上述设想的可能性。     

Numerical Simulation of Displacement and Stress Fields Associated with the 1993 Kushiro-oki, Japan, Earthquake

—We constructed a three-dimensional finite element model to simulate coseismic and postseismic displacement and stress fields associated with the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake, which was a very large intermediate-depth earthquake that occurred within the subducted Pacific plate at a depth of 107 km beneath the southeastern part of Hokkaido, Japan. Taking the configuration of the subducted Pacific plate into account, we constructed a realistic model with lateral heterogeneity of viscoelastic structure. We assigned a variable slip distribution to the fault plane, which was obtained from inversion analysis of near-field seismic waveforms. The result shows that elastic deformation associated with the faulting reflects the assigned inhomogeneous slip distribution on the fault plane near the fault region, while it does not reflect the distribution on the free surface of the model. The calculated postseismic deformation does not reflect the slip distribution, but shows symmetric spatial patterns concerning the dipping direction of the fault both near the fault region and on the model surface. For the next 20 years following the earthquake, the amount of the calculated deformation is a fraction of the coseismic deformation. The calculated coeseismic deformation is large just above and below the fault plane, reaching 1 m, while the postseismic deformation is dominant near the upper and lower material boundaries between the subducted plate and the surrounding asthenosphere. The spatial distribution of maximum shear stress near the fault plane corresponds to the assigned slip distribution, amounting to 32 MPa. The directions of principal stress-change axes represent reverse fault type in the SSE region of the fault, whereas normal fault type is dominant in the NNW region with the exception of some asymmetrical spatial patterns of the principal stress-change axes on the fault due to the inhomogeneous slip distribution. Time variations both in the amount and the directions of stresses are minor, suggesting that the coseismic state of the stress would remain unchanged for two decades after the event.     

Experimental and Numerical Flow Simulation over Weirs

Water Resources - This paper reports a series of experimental studies done to simulate the flow behavior over crump and ogee type of weirs. The transition of subcritical to supercritical flow, as...     

数据模拟方法在湖泊学中的应用

我国湖泊众多, 极为丰富的湖泊资源在水产、水利、航运、旅游、水屯等国有经济中占有重要地位。湖泊资源的开发与环境保护和预测正受到广泛关注。随着计算机和计算数学的发展, 数值模拟方法被广泛应用于大气、海洋、湖泊或水库等研究中, 数值模拟方法就是借助于计算机, 对基于一定的观测事实和数学物理方法建立的数学模式进行数位计算, 从而对自然过程进行模拟和预测的方法, 它使得湖泊学研究从定性和定进客观分析到定量模拟和预 测, 目前, 它是解决许多复杂的湖泊环境课题不可缺少的一种有力手段。本文评述的重点放在动力学研究方向。     

爆破地震作用下桩-土-结构相互作用的数值模拟

土-结构动力相互作用是地震工程和结构抗震的重要研究内容,但目前对爆破地震作用下土-结构动力相互作用的研究较少。运用大型有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,建立了桩-土-结构相互作用体系的三维有限元模型,由桩尖输入实测爆破地震波,取得了良好的计算效果。计算结果表明：考虑桩-土-结构相互作用后,群桩基础中每个桩的位移、加速度和剪应力幅值均呈桩顶大、桩尖小的倒三角分布,桩与承台的接合部比较容易受到损坏;桩-土-结构相互作用体系在爆破地震波冲击后,还会发生几次振动,但是这些振动产生的影响要小于爆破地震产生的影响,这与实测结果相符合;爆破地震波冲击下,群桩基础中,角桩顶部表面的桩土接触压力较大,但在爆破地震波冲击后,中心桩顶部表面的桩土接触压力较大,且具有一定的周期性,直至衰减为零。     

1927年古浪8级地震的破裂习性及破裂机制的数值模拟

1927年古浪8级地震是继1920年海原8．5级地震之后发生在海原一祁连山断裂带上的另一次特大地震。对这次地震的破裂习性，前人的研究结果存在较大分歧。本文在多探槽揭露和地面追踪调查基础上，结合相关的历史资料分析后，认为本次地震是由构成古浪推覆体的天桥沟一黄羊川断裂、皇城双塔断裂冬青顶断裂段以及武威一天祝隐伏断裂等共同作用的结果。对古浪推覆体平面和剖面变形机制的有限元数值模拟结果显示，其应力和应变的集中区主要分布在天桥沟一黄羊川断裂西段、皇城一双塔断裂冬青顶一带以及武威一天祝隐伏断裂和古浪一双塔断裂所在的古浪峡一带，这与地震地表破裂带的展布是一致的，同时也进一步说明了1927年古浪8级地震是该推覆体整体活动的结果。