魏家庸——神奇“大贵州滩”的探索者

简述了魏家庸先生的学习工作经历与学术成就,特别是在探索发现"大贵州滩"奥秘中的贡献;以及"大贵州滩"在全球研究二叠纪末生物集群绝灭、三叠纪生物复苏中的重要地位。魏家庸先生多年的调查研究认为,贵州三叠纪地质—古生物遗迹景观资源拥有六个"世界之最"的特点,介绍了魏先生"创建贵州三叠纪世界地质公园"建议。     

贵州三叠纪遗迹化石及古地理意义

贵州三叠纪遗迹化石丰富,有台地相的遗迹化石组合:Thalassnoides、Gyrolithes、Cerato-morph、Chondrites、Rlazocorallium.Rhabdoichnum等;台缘浅滩相的遗迹化石组合:Cylindricum gregarium、Skolithos、Thalassnoides等;斜坡相遗迹化石组合:Protopalaeodictyon、Chondrites、Huaxichnus、phycosiphon、Oldhami-a、Cochiliclaus、Cosmorhaphe、Pinnatpedus、Thalassnoides、Psilonichnus、Arenicolites、Lophoctonlum、Paleophycus等;其中Arenicolites、Thalassnoides、Psilonichnus、Chondrites遗迹化石含量较多,则为上斜坡,如很少含上述四种遗迹化石,而以Lophoctonlum、Protopaleodictyon、Cosmorhaphe、Cochilichnus、Phycosiphon为主,则为下斜坡;盆地相遗迹化石组合:Protopaleodictyon、Helminthopsis、Paleomeandron等。 贵州三叠纪遗迹化石组合与各岩相带分布一致,主要受含氧丰度、水深、水动力条件等诸多因素的控制。由遗迹化石组合分布证明贵州三叠纪岩相古地理格局从黔西北至黔南沉积相带展布为台地相—台缘浅滩相—斜坡相—盆地相。同时建立了贵州三叠纪遗迹相—遗迹化石组合模式。     

贵州三叠纪板庚滩地质遗迹资源的保护与开发

地质遗迹资源不仅在地学中具有重要的科学研究价值,而且由于其独特的自然美特征,对于促进和发展旅游业来说,是既有文化内涵、又有观赏价值的重要旅游资源。贵州板庚滩保存了大量三叠纪物种大灭绝和生命重新复苏的地质历史遗迹,是全球保存最好、研究程度最高的三叠纪孤立碳酸盐岩台地——“大贵州滩”的核心区域。本文在深入研究的基础上提出：在申报贵州三叠纪世界地质公园的基础上,实行政府主导型发展模式,制定《“板庚滩”旅游发展规划》,指导“板庚滩”地质遗迹资源的保护与开发利用,以科学研究为基础打造“板庚滩”的世界名片和科学文化内涵;整理和发掘少数民族文化以提升“板庚滩”的人文内涵;开发以“板庚滩”奇石和石材工艺品为主的特色旅游产品;以科学文化和人文内涵为灵魂,围绕新农村建设开辟集科普、民俗、休闲于一体的专门旅游线路;发掘少数民族特色饮食,发展民居式旅馆,发挥牛车、马车等传统交通方式的优势和特色,使“板庚滩”成为不可复制的精品旅游点,推进贵州旅游产业升级以促进贵州少数民族地区更好更快的发展。     

贵州翁安发现5.8亿年前动物化石群

1997年,中科院南古所研究员陈均远与台湾清华大学教授李家维合作研究,在贵州瓮安发现了世界上目前已知的最古老的动物化石群,定名为瓮安动物化石群。这种微型多细胞动物及其胚胎化石,保存在距今5．8亿年前的震旦系陡山沦组含磷地层中,比澄江动物化石群早5000多万年,是我国早期动物研究领域的突破性发现。这次发现的动物化石代表前寒武纪全球大冰期之后,地球表面开始升温,陆地冰川开始消融导致海平面大幅度上升之后的最早地层记录。瓮安动物化石群个体很小,仅有0．5～0．75mm左右,其保存的完整程度为世界罕见,不仅保存了动物卵和…     

四川叠溪地质公园地质遗迹特征及地学意义

地震是一种对人类造成难以抗拒危害的自然灾害,也留下了珍贵的地震遗迹景观。对四川叠溪地震遗迹系统调查,明确以串珠状堰塞湖、半埋状蚕陵重镇遗址等保存系统完整,类型典型多样的地震遗迹景观,分为地质剖面、地质构造、地貌景观、水体景观和环境地质遗迹景观5大类。是目前世界上保存最完整、最典型和宏大的地震遗址之一。通过地震遗迹国内外对比分析,在构造地质学、地貌学、地震学、次生地质灾害与防治学以及经济地质学方面,具有极高的地学意义。为研究青藏高原东缘地震活动规律、防灾减灾工作提供了宝贵的现场证据。     

四川叠溪地质公园地质遗迹特征及地学意义

地震是一种对人类造成难以抗拒危害的自然灾害,也留下了珍贵的地震遗迹景观。对四川叠溪地震遗迹系统调查,明确以串珠状堰塞湖、半埋状蚕陵重镇遗址等保存系统完整,类型典型多样的地震遗迹景观,分为地质剖面、地质构造、地貌景观、水体景观和环境地质遗迹景观5大类。是目前世界上保存最完整、最典型和宏大的地震遗址之一。通过地震遗迹国内外对比分析,在构造地质学、地貌学、地震学、次生地质灾害与防治学以及经济地质学方面,具有极高的地学意义。为研究青藏高原东缘地震活动规律、防灾减灾工作提供了宝贵的现场证据。     

四川叠溪地质公园地质遗迹特征及地学意义

地震是一种对人类造成难以抗拒危害的自然灾害,也留下了珍贵的地震遗迹景观。对四川叠溪地震遗迹系统调查,明确以串珠状堰塞湖、半埋状蚕陵重镇遗址等保存系统完整,类型典型多样的地震遗迹景观,分为地质剖面、地质构造、地貌景观、水体景观和环境地质遗迹景观5大类。是目前世界上保存最完整、最典型和宏大的地震遗址之一。通过地震遗迹国内外对比分析,在构造地质学、地貌学、地震学、次生地质灾害与防治学以及经济地质学方面,具有极高的地学意义。为研究青藏高原东缘地震活动规律、防灾减灾工作提供了宝贵的现场证据。     

中国贵州关岭化石群国家地质公园

贵州关岭化石群国家地质公园,地处贵州西南部的关岭布依族苗族自治县,规划面积2 6km2 ,保护区2 0 0km2 。核心区0 94km2 。公园距省会贵阳1 88km2 、国家级风景名胜区黄果树瀑布52km、龙宫溶洞90km。省级风景名胜区花江大峡谷位于保护区内。32 0国道、65号高速公路横穿公园南侧。贵州关岭化石群国家地质公园埋藏的古生物化石形成于距今2 2亿年前的海湾是我国珍奇三叠纪古生物化石宝库,主要包括鱼龙、海龙、鳍龙、木盾齿龙等海生爬行动物,也有千姿白态的海百合和菊石、双壳、牙形石、鹦鹉螺、腕足及陆地生长的异地保存的古植物化石。关岭三…     

黔中、黔南三叠纪古生态、古群落研究

本文在对黔中、黔南三叠纪古生物群的古生态，古环境作研究后，提出了中三叠统青岩组（或新苑组）中深水瓣鳃、菊石群落的堆积形成机理；贵州龙水生爬行动物群繁盛、埋藏、保存受控于拉丁期全球大海退以及特殊的台地边缘“Ｓ”形浅滩带上出现的半封闭海湾；同时，建立了由台地至深水的４个遗迹化石组合，牙形刺和瓣鳃类化石从浅水至深水沉积层中的分布系列。     

青海果洛、玉树地区二叠纪和三叠纪复理石相遗迹化石

本文系统描述了产自我国青海南部巴彦喀拉山脉玛沁、甘德、玛多等地二叠-三叠纪(主要是三叠纪)复理石相的遗迹化石。主要遗迹属如:Paleodictyon,(古网迹),Protopaleodictyon(原始古网迹),Megagrapton(巨画迹),Helminthoida(蠕形迹),Helminthopsis(拟蠕形迹),Helicolithus(螺旋迹)Lophoctenium(冠梳迹)清楚地证明为深海Nereits遗迹相典型代表,也是迄今为止该遗迹相在我国发现最丰富的地区。遗迹化石产地玛沁、玛多深海相位于我国两个板块之间的对接带附近,说明遗迹化石同古构造的关系。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861