藏北新生代火山岩系列的地球化学及成因

自始新世 (4 5Ma)印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞以来 ,藏北新生代火山活动相当频繁 ,在空间上自南向北随时间早晚依次形成了羌塘、可可西里和喀喇昆仑—玉门 3个火山岩带 ,依岩石组合和地球化学特征可划分为 5个火山岩系列 :①钠质碱性玄武岩系列 ;②白榴石碧玄岩 -响岩系列 ;③高钾钙碱性系列 ;④可可西里钾玄岩系列 ;⑤喀喇昆仑—玉门钾玄岩系列。通过对各系列火山岩成因的研究 ,可以作为了解新生代以来青藏高原岩石圈物质组成、壳幔结构以及高原隆升机制的重要窗口     

羌塘赤布张错地区新生代火山岩研究

根据K-Ar同位素年代学研究成果，将赤布张错新生代火山活动划分为3期：第Ⅰ期(40．1～35．1Ma)火山喷发较弱，形成小范围分布的细粒安粗岩和斑状粗面岩；第Ⅱ期(26．5～17．6Ma)火山喷溢最为强烈，形成大面积厚层黑色气孔状安粗岩；第Ⅲ期(5．5～4．61Ma)由潜火山作用形成球粒状、斑状粗面岩岩丘。新生代火山岩系包括高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列，高钾钙碱性火山岩形成于始新世，属于壳源岩浆系列；钾玄岩系火山岩形成于中新世一上新世，属于幔源岩浆系列。由老到新，岩石系列由高钾钙碱性系列一钾玄岩系列演化，岩性由安粗岩一粗面岩演化。     

松辽盆地长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩地球化学研究

长岭断陷早白垩世火山岩富硅、富碱,岩石以非碱性系列为主,包括钙碱性和高钾钙碱性系列,碱性系列火山岩为钾玄岩系列。酸性岩与中、基性岩的微量元素特征差别明显,岩石总体微量元素特征与造山带火山岩相似,富集LREE、Rb、K和大离子亲石元素,TiO2含量低,贫Sr。火山岩的形成与造山带岩石圈拆沉作用引起地壳拉张减薄的大地构造背景有关。研究区基性火山岩为地幔岩部分熔融作用的产物,岩浆演化过程中存在单斜辉石和橄榄石等矿物的分离结晶作用,中性岩为原生玄武质岩浆分异演化的产物,营城组酸性火山岩的形成与构造活动存在直接关系,为构造剪切挤压应力致使上地壳重熔的结果。     

长江源区新生代火山岩的系列及成因

长江源区的新生代火山岩系包括高钾钙碱性系列和钾玄岩系列.高钾钙碱性火山岩形成于始新世, 钾玄岩系列火山岩形成于中、上新世.总体而言, 该区火山岩富碱高钾, 富集大离子亲石元素, 稀土元素含量高且轻稀土相对富集.相对而言, 高钾钙碱性火山岩富集SiO₂、Al₂O₃, 无负Eu异常, 属于壳源岩浆系列, 其原始岩浆由加厚陆壳的榴辉岩质下地壳经部分熔融产生.钾玄岩系列火山岩富集K₂ O、TiO₂、P₂ O₅、MgO、FeO, ∑REE、HFSE、I_Sr值均较高, 弱负Eu异常, 属于幔源岩浆系列, 其原始岩浆由EMⅡ型富集地幔的部分熔融生成.2个系列的火山岩均是大陆碰撞造山后期岩浆作用的产物.始新世以来, 随着该区由碰撞、挤压作用发展到出现走滑, 应力环境由挤压转变为张性, 导致依次喷发高钾钙碱性火山岩和钾玄岩系列火山岩.      

藏北新生代火山岩主要造岩矿物特征及温压条件

藏北新生代火山岩在空间上呈带状分布 ,时代上从南向北由老逐渐变新 ,表现为其带状由南向北迁移。岩石系列分属于碱性玄武岩系列和钾玄岩系列 ,主要造岩矿物为橄榄石类、辉石类和长石类等 ,它们都有类似的演化特点 ,同一岩带中岩浆总体由东向西演化。运用相应的方法 ,计算出藏北新生代火山岩中不同矿物的结晶温度为 90 0～ 12 0 0℃ ,形成压力为 1 1～ 3 4GPa ,从而确定了岩石的近似来源深度 ,这对青藏高原隆升及深部动力学机制的研究有着重要意义。结合对脉动性的岩浆活动事件的主体时代的分析 ,认为 6 0～ 30Ma期间岩石圈持续增厚 ,表现为岩浆起源深度不断增大 ;30Ma以来 ,岩石圈厚度近于恒定 ,表明随地壳的持续增厚 ,岩石圈地幔发生了减薄作用。     

大别山南北缘中—新元古代火山岩系列、类型、组合及意义

大别深变质基底杂岩外缘中—新元古代双峰式火山岩系,均以钙碱性系列为主,少量的拉斑玄武岩系列和碱性玄武岩系列,但南缘出现少量的钾玄岩系列。南、北缘火山岩系的主要岩石组合种属也基本相同。南缘火山岩稍复杂一点,除玄武岩类、玄武安山岩、流纹岩外,还有少量英安岩,以及很少量钾玄岩系列的夏威夷岩和橄榄粗安岩,这是本区新发现的火山岩类型。     

藏北祖尔肯乌拉山地区新生代高钾钙碱岩系火山岩同位素地球化学研究

通过对藏北祖尔肯乌拉山地区新生代高钾钙碱岩系火山岩Sr,Nd,Pb同位素成分的系统测试分析表明,火山岩具有相对高的^87Sr／^86Sr和低的^143Nd／^144Nd值及高的Pb同位素组成特点,且Sr,Nd,Pb同位素比值变化范围很窄,反映了其具有同源岩浆的特点,并且经历了类似的地球化学动力学过程。Sr,Nd,Pb同位素组成及相关图解判别表明,藏北祖尔肯乌拉山地区新生代高钾钙碱岩系火山岩来源于被大洋沉积物和地壳物质所混合的不均一富集地幔源区,显示源区具有壳幔混源性质,与EMⅡ型富集地幔源特征一致。     

浙东地区晚中生代火山岩地球化学特征、岩石成因及构造环境

中国东部中生代发生的大规模岩浆活动是地学界长期以来关注的课题之一。本文通过对浙东地区晚中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、主量、稀土及微量元素地球化学的研究,讨论其岩石成因及形成的构造环境。研究表明,大爽组底部火山岩年龄为155.2±1.4 Ma(MSWD=0.83),显示浙东地区晚中生代火山岩的形成时代并不限于白垩纪,火山喷发至少于晚侏罗世就已经开始;岩石总体属高钾钙碱性系列,少量属钾玄岩系列;基性岩石、中性岩石与中酸性(酸性)岩之间不具有同源演化关系,基性岩石来源于富集地幔,并受到了不同程度的地壳混染,中性岩石可能来源于先存于下地壳深部的新元古代岛弧岩石,中酸性(酸性)岩石来源于地壳,中酸性岩浆与酸性岩浆之间存在演化关系;岩石总体形成于地壳幕式减薄环境,而其弧岩浆岩特征主要反映源岩属性。     

藏北新生代火山作用的时空演化与高原隆升

本文通过对藏北新生代火山岩的岩石化学和同位素年龄资料的综合分析,系统确定了火山岩的岩石系列组合及其生成时序。根据岩石系列的时空演化规律将藏北新生代火山活动划分为3个构造—岩浆亚旋回,火山活动自南向北依次形成羌塘(44～24 Ma)、中昆仑—可可西里(19～7 Ma)、西昆仑—玉门(约5 Ma以来)3条火山岩亚带。各岩带分别以高钾钙碱性或钾玄岩系列构成火山活动的主体, 以碱性钾质火山活动而结束。构造—火山旋回与高原脉动隆升具有明显的耦合性,旋回间歇期与高原夷平期相对应。笔者认为这一火山作用规律是高原每次脉动隆升过程中,构造性质由挤压、增厚,向伸展滑移转化的结果,火山作用旋回受岩石圈水平挤压、增厚和深部地幔热物质沿构造薄弱带挤压上升两种作用的相互消长所制约。     

南澜沧江结合带火山岩岩浆成因——洋脊洋岛与弧岩浆作用的性质

在对滇西南昌宁—孟连带石炭—二叠纪火山岩和南澜沧江带二叠—三叠纪火山岩的微量元素和稀土元素研究的基础上,划分了岩浆作用类型和岩浆演化系列,探讨了岩浆源区成分特点。昌宁—孟连带玄武质岩浆的演化主要受部分熔融和分离结晶作用控制;这些岩浆可以划分为３个岩浆演化系列：（１）稀土曲线平坦型的洋脊型拉斑玄武岩浆演化系列,其岩浆起源于亏损型地幔;（２）稀土曲线中等富集型的准洋脊型拉斑玄武岩浆演化系列,其岩浆起源于过渡型地幔;（３）稀土曲线强烈富集型的洋岛型碱性玄武岩浆演化系列,其岩浆起源于富集型地幔。南澜沧江带弧火山岩的岩浆成因主要受分离结晶作用控制,也可以划分为３个岩浆演化系列：（１）二叠纪低钾拉斑—中钾钙碱性岩浆演化系列;（２）中南段的晚三叠世低钾拉斑—中钾钙碱性岩浆演化系列;（３）北段的晚三叠世钾玄岩—高钾钙碱性岩浆演化系列     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with