激光高度计卫星ICESAT在地学研究中的应用

介绍了世界首颗激光高度计卫星ICESat及其惟一有效的载荷——地学激光测高系统(GLAS)以及它的科学研究目的和工作原理,论述了ICESat在地学研究中的应用。     

ICESat＇s performance and the application in Dome A area in Antarctica

The Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) is Earth's first polar orbiting satellite carrying a laser altimeter, launched fromVandenberg Air Force Base California U. S on January13, 2003.The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System(GLAS) on the ICESatw…     

�ϲ�ת����ر���ι�ϵ�о�

??????????????,???????????????????????????????λ??????λ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ??????λ?????????????????????λ??????????????????ж????????????1????????????????????λ?????λ????????????????????λ??????????????????2????????????????λ??????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????С??????????????????????λ?????????????3???????????????????λ???????????????λ??????????С???????????????????     

���α���ת����̽��

????????α???????????????????????????????????????????????λ???????????????????????????λ??????????????t???????1/2????????????????t?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????λ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????λ??????????????λ??????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч?????????????     

��λƫ����Ƽ�����PPPģ���ȹ̶��е�Ӧ�÷���

???????λ??????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????λ????????????????????????λ????????????????????????????????λ???????????????λ???????????????????????????3/4??????????????Ratio?????δ?????????3??????λ????????????????     

Locata���㶨λ�����о�

????Locataα????????λ????λ??????????????????????飬???????????????λ???????????α??λ?????????λ????????????????λ??λ?????????????????????Locata???????λ?????????cm??mm????     

�������۲�̨��λ���Ӱ��ķ����о�

??о??????????????й????????λ???????????,???????????????????????\,3?????????????19????λ?????????????6???λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ???????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????С???3?????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ???С??1%?????λ??????????????;???λ????1%??????????????????????0.4%????;??λ????1%~10%??????????????????????涨λ????????????????????????????????2.5?????     

���GPS�ز���λƽ��α�ඨλ���ȵ��㷨�о�

???????λ???α??????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????????????C1??P2???????λ???????Ч???α??λ?????????????λ??????1 m????????t???????????????α????λ??????0.5 m???????P1??P2???????λ??????λ??????????????????????????λ????????0.6 m?????t??????????????????0.3 m???????????????У?????????????t????????????λ??????λ??????2 m??     

��Ͽˮ����ˮ��ȫλ�Ƴ��仯����ֵģ��

?????????????????????????????????????λ?????仯:?????135 m?λ??????????????????????????4???λ????????172 m?λ???????????4??????????????????Χ??????????????????????????????λ????仯????????????????????135 m?λ?????????4??ML?? 2.5???????????????????????????????λ;172 m?λ?????????????14??ML?? 2.5??????????????????????λ????????????????????????????????????????λ??????????????????????л???????????????????????????????????????????????     

��ƵGPS����Ԫ��λ���ȼ���������

???t??????λ??????λ????????????GPS?????????????????д?????????????????????????????·????????????????λ????????????????з????????????λ??????????е?EW??NS???????????7.3??7.1??16.0 mm??????λ??EW??NS???????????5.0??5.2??14.7 mm????????????λ???????????λ?????1.9~2.3 mm?????ù????????????о??????λ??????????????????????????????????????е?????????????????????λ??????????0.1 Hz??????????????????????????0.1 Hz??????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ????????????????????????????????????????????????λ?????????????????????????????????     

基于ICESat/GLAS的山东省SRTM与ASTER GDEM高程精度评价与修正

SRTM3和ASTER GDEM V2数据具有较高的空间分辨率和广泛的覆盖范围,对于地学研究具有重要意义;但在不同地形复杂度和地面覆盖物区域,两类数据的误差分布并不均匀。SRTM3和ASTER GDEM V2数据自公布以来,其精度修正一直是研究热点。然而大范围区域精度验证缺乏有效手段,传统方法可靠性差且数据获取成本较高。自ICESat-1数据公开以来,它们已成为SRTM3和ASTER GDEM V2精度评定的主要检核点。为此,本文以山东省为研究区域,借助ICESat-1评估了SRTM3和ASTER GDEM V2的高程精度,并根据插值误差曲面对两种DEM进行了修正。分析表明,原始SRTM和ASTER高程中误差分别为5.57 m和7.20 m,均高于标称精度;随着坡度的增大,高程精度呈降低的趋势。通过分析土地覆盖类型与误差分布关系表明:农田、灌丛土地类型精度较高;森林、湿地精度较低。分别采用反距离加权、普通克里金、地形转栅格和自然邻域插值方法构建误差曲面。结果表明:不同的插值方法构建的误差曲面的特征和精度也不同。其中,反距离加权修正的效果最佳,其次是地形转栅格和自然邻域,而普通克里金修正的效果最差。     

Monitoring elevation change of glaciers on Geladandong Mountain using TanDEM-X SAR interferometry

Glaciers play an important role in the climate system. The elevation change of a glacier is an important parameter in studies of glacier dynamics. Only a few ground-based measurements of high mountain glaciers are available due to their remoteness, high elevation, and complex topography. The acquisition from the German Tan DEM-X(Terra SAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measurement) SAR imaging configuration provides a reliable data sources for studying the elevation change of glaciers. In this study, the bistatic Tan DEM-X data that cover the Geladandong Mountain on the Tibetan Plateau were processed with SAR interferometry technique and the elevation changes of the mountain's glaciers during 2000–2014 were obtained. The results indicated that although distinct positive and negative elevation changes were found for different glacier tongues, the mean elevation change was about-0.14±0.26 m a-1. Geoscience Laser Altimeter System(GLAS) data were obtained for comparison and verification. The investigation using GLAS data demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed method in determining glacier elevation change. Thus, the presented approach is appropriate for monitoring glacier elevation change and it constitutes a valuable tool for studies of glacier dynamics.     

基于长度标准装置提高激光跟踪仪测量精度的方法

为了提高激光跟踪仪的测量精度,针对激光跟踪仪测量重复性高的特点,提出基于长度标准装置对激光跟踪仪观测值进行标定的方法。通过建立激光跟踪仪和激光干涉仪标定观测的函数模型和随机模型,依据最小二乘原理得到标定点观测值的改正数和标定点观测值平差值的精度,进而对目标点的观测值进行插值改正,获得激光跟踪仪对目标点观测值的改正数,最终实现对激光跟踪仪的观测值进行误差补偿。采用长度标准装置对Leica AT401激光跟踪仪进行水平方向标定及标定后的精度测试,激光跟踪仪经过水平方向误差补偿后,将其测量点相互之间距离与激光干涉仪测量的距离进行对比,距离差值的RMS从19.5μm降低为10.2μm,验证了该方法的可行性。     

地面三维激光扫描的点云配准误差研究

针对闭合条件下地面三维激光扫描点云配准产生的闭合差,基于测量平差理论,提出一种闭合差分配方法。首先通过间接平差理论求出各相邻测站间的坐标转换参数及其精度,再对闭合差按与方差成正比分配给各测站。通过多站点云配准实验,验证了该方法能在一定程度上提高点云配准的精度。     

��������Dz������ȷ���

??API?????T3?????????????????м????????????????У????????顢???????????????????????????顢???????????????????顢?????λ??????????鼰??????????????????????,????????????????????в?????????????????????У?????????????????????λ??????????????????????????;???????????????????λ??????????????????????????????к???????????     

激光跟踪仪测量精度分析

以API公司的T3激光跟踪仪为例,进行简要的理论分析。通过校准前后对比实验、固定点重复测量、距离重复测量实验、激光跟踪仪和干涉仪对比实验、现场点位中误差测量实验及激光跟踪仪与常规测量对比实验,对激光跟踪仪的测量精度进行测量和验证。激光跟踪仪在校准后,短距离测量时测距精度对空间点位精度起主导作用,测角精度比较稳定;随着距离的增大,测距、空间点位误差增大。较之常规测量,短距离测量具有很高的测量精度。     

基于几何特征的建筑物点云配准方法

针对规则建筑物点云数据特点,基于测量平差理论,提出一种基于点、面几何特征的点云配准算法。首先利用建筑物点云数据中平面与平面的重合关系,推导了基于特征面的点云配准模型|而后结合基于特征点的点云配准模型,给出基于点、面特征的点云配准模型|最后利用实测数据进行实验,证实该方法能在一定程度上提高点云配准精度。     

论

针对