中国萤石矿预测评价模型与资源潜力分析

中国萤石矿资源较丰富,探明资源量居世界前列。我国的萤石矿研究工作主要围绕大中型萤石矿床的地质特征、物质来源、成因、区域成矿规律和少数省级萤石矿成矿远景区划、区域萤石矿资源潜力评价展开。为摸清萤石矿资源家底,制定科学合理的经济产业政策,亟需开展系统的、全国性的萤石矿成矿规律和资源潜力评价。依据中国萤石矿资源潜力评价报告数据和成果,文章分析了中国萤石矿矿床类型、矿床地质特征和时空分布特征,划分了成矿区带;在各省区建立的典型矿床预测模型和区域预测模型基础上,以成矿系列理论为指导,突出总结萤石矿成矿要素和预测要素,归纳、汇总、提出了热液充填型和沉积改造型萤石矿矿床预测评价模型;以各省区圈定的最小预测区、归并的2级预测区和估算的资源量为基础,依据预测要素和区域预测模型,归并、圈定了198个3级预测区,汇总估算了全国萤石矿预测资源量,提出了中国萤石矿预测远景区。中国萤石矿资源丰富,找矿潜力大,预测资源量（CaF2）约9.5亿t,其中单一萤石矿预测资源量约4.3亿t,以热液充填型预测资源量为主。预测远景区主要分布于中国东部,四子王旗、冀北-辽西、豫南、皖南-浙西、浙中、闽北-粤东等地区成矿条件好,资源潜力大,是萤石矿预测资源量较大的地区。     

中非铜钴成矿带地质特征及铜钴矿床资源量分析

中非铜钴成矿带是世界最大的沉积型铜钴成矿带、全球最大钴矿、第三大铜矿发现区。因铜钴价格持续走高和中资企业持续关注的迫切性,本文对中非铜钴成矿带地质特征、铜钴矿床资源分布规律、权益资源量情况进行分析研究。同时,系统收集研究区学术研究成果、商业数据库、企业年报等数据,分析认为Lufilian弧形构造带是中非铜钴成矿带构造背景,从北向南依次为弧外部褶皱推覆带、穹窿地区、复式向斜带、加丹加高原。地层分为孔德龙古、恩古巴、罗安三个群,地层年龄自<573±5 Ma至879±16 Ma。含矿层位主要是罗安群矿床组,下分R2.1、R2.2、R2.3三个含矿层。矿床类型主要为碳酸盐质巨型角砾岩型、含矿页岩型、含矿砂岩型、含矿基底型铜矿,构成6个铜钴矿集区,具有等间距分布特征,间距为±20 km。截至2021年,研究区探获铜资源量1.91亿t,钴资源量1404万t。以当量铜资源量排序,>100万t的矿床33个,>1000万t级别的矿床7个。共有14个国家55家矿业企业参与铜钴成矿带勘探及开发。我国权益铜钴资源量分别为6467万t、648万t。大于50万t权益铜资源量的企业有洛阳钼业、紫金...     

华北山西组D^2煤层煤相特征及泥炭沼泽的发展规律

通过煤相研究，揭示了形成Ｄ＾２煤层的成煤泥炭沼泽，首先起源于平塑，大同和霍西等地的水域泥炭沼泽化，在垂向扩展和水平扩展过程中，若干孤立的源地泥岩沼泽联结成片，形成巨大的泥炭沼泽体之发展演化规律，及从北往南，山前湖泊泥炭沼泽（湖沼）、溢水洼地泥炭沼泽（浅沼）、泻湖海湾泥炭沼泽（盐沼）和滨海平原泥炭沼泽之分布特征。     

务正道铝土矿整装勘查完美收官

《中国矿业报》消息（2014-02-17）由贵州省矿权储备交易局提交、贵州省地矿局106地质大队编制的《贵州省务正道地区铝土矿整装勘查成果报告》日前顺利通过贵州省国土资源厅专家组评审。经过3年的整装勘查工作,技术人员在3251 km2的勘查区内共完成钻探工作量27万多米,求获铝土矿资源总量7亿t,新增资源量5.8亿t,提交超大型矿床2个、大型矿床9个、中型矿床14个。     

中国菱镁矿成矿地质特征与资源潜力

国土资源部为了基本摸清全国重要矿产资源“家底”,为矿产资源保障能力和勘查部署决策提供依据,开展了全国重要矿产资源潜力评价项目。菱镁矿是开展的25个重要矿种之一。本项目的实施,是我国矿产资源方面的一次重要的国情调查。本次工作以成矿地质理论为指导,深入开展区域成矿规律研究;充分利用地质、物探、化探、遥感和矿产勘查等综合成矿信息,建立典型矿床预测模型和区域预测模型,圈定成矿远景区和找矿靶区;充分应用现代矿产资源预测评价的理论方法和GIS评价技术,逐个评价其成矿远景区资源潜力;用地质体积等多元信息方法估算了地下2 000 m以浅的菱镁矿资源量,为科学合理地规划和部署矿产勘查工作提供依据。中国菱镁矿主要成矿时代为古元古代,成矿类型以沉积变质型为主,全国共有累计查明资源储量（矿石量）36.42亿t,主要分布于辽宁、山东和新疆。全国共圈定菱镁矿最小预测区129个,获2 000 m以浅预测资源量（矿石量）131亿t。全面总结并建立了菱镁矿典型矿床预测模型及区域预测模型,共划分菱镁矿成矿区带11个。     

中国硫矿资源预测模型及资源潜力分析

硫是化学工业最重要的基本原料之一,主要用于生产化肥。我国硫矿资源工业开发利用的主要为硫铁矿和伴生硫。2007-2013年,中国地质调查局实施了全国化工矿产资源潜力评价项目,完成了全国硫矿成矿规律及预测研究,编制了相关图件,建设了数据库,取得了阶段性的成果。文章在以往研究和省级硫矿资源潜力评价成果的基础上,总结了全国硫矿时空分布特征,划分了成矿区带和成矿类型,建立了典型矿床和预测工作区的预测模型,最后对全国硫矿资源潜力进行了分类评价汇总。结果表明,全国共有硫矿床、矿点、矿化点共1 437处,其中硫铁矿1 418处,自然硫矿19处。成矿时代跨度为太古宙晚期-新生代,以元古宙硫矿储量最大。全国共划分为46个Ⅲ级硫矿成矿区带和17个矿集区;划分了沉积变质型、沉积型（海相、煤系）、岩浆热液型、海相火山岩型、陆相火山岩型、自然硫型6种预测类型和17个矿床式;梳理了6种预测类型典型硫矿床的预测要素和预测模型。全国共划分沉积变质型硫铁矿预测工作区20个,沉积型硫铁矿58个,岩浆热液型68个,海相火山岩型12个,陆相火山岩型9个,自然硫矿5个。全国共圈定硫矿3级预测区274个,其中硫铁矿268个,自然硫矿6个。全国硫铁矿硫铁矿和自然硫资源总量分别为241.35亿t和5.67亿t,其中预测资源量分别为184.57亿t和2.32亿t。根据成矿地质条件、矿床地质特征、矿石选冶性能、资源量可靠程度,文中遴选出21个硫矿优先勘查区,预测自然硫资源量2 229.3万t(S),硫铁矿50.58亿t(矿石)。该区成矿地质条件好,找矿潜力大,有一定的工作基础,已知矿床深边部等近期可优先安排勘查工作的预测区,远景好时可作为整装勘查基地。     

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩沉积环境与资源潜力研究

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组油页岩,主要分布在盆地南部,单层厚度15～30 m（最厚处超过40 m）,含油率5%～10%。延长组沉积时是鄂尔多斯盆地发育的鼎盛时期,长7期湖盆范围达到最大。通过对长7油页岩分布与沉积相展布关系的研究,认为鄂尔多斯盆地油页岩的分布受沉积环境的控制作用显著,深湖-半深湖相沉积环境下形成的油页岩,具有含油率高、厚度大和分布范围广的特点。长7油页岩资源丰富,油页岩资源量为10 476 亿t,而且盆地构造相对简单,开发条件优越。因此,鄂尔多斯盆地长7油页岩具有广阔的勘探开发前景。     

三江平原典型湿地剖面有机碳分布特征与积累现状

研究了三江平原3类典型湿地（泥炭沼泽、腐殖质沼泽和沼泽化草甸）沉积物剖面有机碳的组分与分布特征。结果表明,泥炭沼泽、腐殖质沼泽和沼泽化草甸剖面有机碳分布具有明显的储碳层和淀积层。储碳层厚度分别约为110、60和15 cm,有机碳平均含量分别为295、280和60 g/kg（干物质重）。泥炭沼泽和腐殖质沼泽储碳层内,有机碳主要组分为分解程度低的轻组碳（约占总有机碳的70%以上）,沼泽化草甸的储碳层内轻组碳约为16%。储碳层以下淀积层的有机碳含量都 < 30 g/kg,轻组碳含量很少。3种类型湿地剖面轻组碳与总有机碳之间有着极显著的正相关关系（[WTBX]P[WT]=0.01）。初步建立了湿地有机碳储量的估算方法,得到3种类型湿地剖面1 m内的有机碳储量分别为6.62×104、4.90×104和1.44×104 t/km2,2 m内分别为8.16×104、6.81×104和2.24×104 t/km2。     

中国泥炭矿成矿规律与开发利用

泥炭是具有重要意义的新兴产业矿产,是传统矿产向新兴产业矿产“华丽转身”的典型。全球泥炭资源的总量约为5000亿吨,我国的泥炭资源总量仅为124. 96亿吨,资源量较为丰富,质量中等,但需要量在上升。我国泥炭的分布具有普遍性和不均匀性,成矿时代为第四纪(全新世),更早的泥炭多已经历成煤的早期阶段而转变为褐煤。我国的泥炭矿床类型主要以富营养草本泥炭为主,木本为辅,藓类泥炭次之。本文在对1988年全国泥炭报告中罗列的5719处泥炭矿产地进行梳理的基础上,总结其成矿规律,根据资源规模厘定出5个大型矿集区,7个中小型矿集区,3个大型预测区,为泥炭勘查工作提供依据。离最近一次全国泥炭资源调查已30年,多处泥炭地由于全球气候变化、城市化发展等原因而消失,非常有必要重新评估。需要强调的是,泥炭的用途已经不再是“燃料”矿产,不再主要用于取暖,而在节能环保、生物等战略性新兴产业中发挥特殊作用,故应该从生态文明建设、碳汇、环境保护、生物技术等角度创新定位其功能和用途。鉴于泥炭的新用途及其利用趋势,《中国矿产地质志》编委会建议将其定位为非金属矿产而非“能源”矿产,据此提出开发利用建议。     

准东煤田中部矿区西山窑组巨厚煤层煤相分析

新疆准东煤田是近几年勘探确定的一个超大型煤田,已获得2136亿t探明储量,主要含煤地层中侏罗统西山窑组发育1～30层煤,可采煤层1～10层,可采煤层累积厚度19～87m。在该煤田中西部仅发育1个煤层,单层最大厚度可达87m。对该煤田中部矿区巨厚煤层煤相特征的研究结果表明,该煤层具有高的惰性组质量分数、低的灰分产率、低的凝胶化指数和相对高的结构保存指数;在泥炭沼泽形成时期,属于受物源影响较小相对干燥的高位泥炭沼泽;依据煤层中凝胶化指数的变化将该巨厚煤层划分出8个小层序;根据小层序内部凝胶化指数、结构保存指数和灰分产率的变化划分出水进型层序和水退型层序;该巨厚煤层以中间碳质泥岩为界划分为两个大的煤相旋回。每个旋回由下部水退型层序和上部水进型层序构成。这种构成样式受泥炭形成阶段的湖平面变化、基底沉降和泥炭的生长速率等因素的控制。     

中国铁矿资源现状与潜力

我国铁矿类型多样,成矿条件复杂,中小型矿床多、超大型矿床少,贫矿多、富矿少,伴生组分多,选冶条件复杂.根据成矿地质条件、地质工作程序分析,我国铁矿资源仍具有较大的找矿潜力,预测在15个重点有望区(带)内的37个有望区段的远景资源/储量为96亿吨,其中东部地区40亿吨,西部地区56亿吨.为保证我国铁矿资源的科学合理开发,应加强铁矿资源的勘查开发,加大国外铁矿资源的开发利用力度,提高资源科学利用水平,从而保证铁矿资源的安全供给.     

云南铁矿资源现状及扩大铁矿资源的途径

为保证云南钢铁工业可持续发展,解决矿石资源的不足,从分析截止2002年底保有资源量数据入手,研究尚未上表的铁矿资源现状,发现全省上表98处产地保有的35.52亿t储量中,仅有7.91亿t为当前可应用储量。应从补勘升级上表D级储量(3亿t)、择优勘查未上表的矿区(2亿t)、试验-研究3类矿石的选矿回收(菱铁矿石1亿t,鲕状高磷赤铁矿石1亿t,高磷非鲕状赤铁矿石0.5亿t),合计可新增可应用矿石7.5亿t,加上已有的7.91亿t,可应用矿石最终达15.41亿t。再加上第二轮国土资源大调查铁矿的新发现,立足省内,扩大进口,必将缓解云南铁矿资源紧缺的现状。     

Holocene environmental change in two polygonal peatlands, south-central Nunavut, Canada

Holocene histories of two polygonal peatlands in the low arctic of south-central Nunavut, Canada, are reconstructed using plant macrofossil and pollen stratigraphies of four cores. Peat accumulation began in both basins between 7600 and 8000 cal. yr BP, within less than 1000 years after deglaciation. Mid- to late-Holocene vegetation changes recorded in the peat cores may be related to permafrost aggradation, associated with a regional cooling trend inferred from a nearby lake sediment record. However, differences in the timing of changes among the peatland coring sites indicate that local autogenic processes have also played an important role. Peat accumulation rates have decreased considerably in the past 3000 to 5000 years compared to the early Holocene. Our results illustrate the complexity of peatland development and peat accumulation dynamics in areas of permafrost, resulting from the important influences of both internal autogenic factors and external environmental forces such as climatic change.     

Effects of peat compaction on delta evolution: A review on processes,responses, measuring and modeling

Peat is most compressible of all natural soils. Compaction of peat layers potentially leads to substantial amounts of land subsidence. Peat is common in many distal parts of Holocene deltas, which are often densely populated. It is known that land subsidence due to peat compaction may have serious societal implications in such areas, as it may cause damage to construction works and lead to land inundation. Effects of peat compaction on the natural evolution of deltas are however poorly understood, whereas this might be an important control on delta evolution at both local and regional scales.The main objective of this paper is to review current knowledge concerning the peat compaction process and its effect on delta evolution in Holocene settings, and to identify gaps in this knowledge. An overview is given regarding: 1) the compaction process, 2) presumed and potential effects of peat compaction on delta evolution, 3) field methods to quantify peat compaction and 4) numerical models to calculate the amount and rate of peat compaction.Peat compaction and formation influence channel belt elevation, channel belt geometry and channel belt configuration. Last-mentioned aspect mostly concerns the influence of peat compaction on avulsion, which is one of the most important processes controlling delta evolution. Interactions between peat compaction, peat formation and avulsion have seldom been studied and remain unclear, partly because factors such as peat type, organic matter content, sediment sequence composition and groundwater table fluctuation are so far not taken into account. Peat compaction and formation potentially influence avulsion as 1) a decrease in accommodation space created by peat compaction underneath a channel causes superelevation and/or an increase in lateral migration, 2) the high cohesiveness of peat banks inhibits lateral migration, which increases bed aggradation, decreases sediment transport capacity and hence increases crevassing frequencies, which possibly evolve into an avulsion, although the low regional gradient in peatlands will hinder this, and 3) peat compaction and oxidation in flood basins following groundwater table lowering leads to relief amplification of channel belts. At delta scale, variations in compaction rates might stimulate the occurrence of nodal avulsions.To quantify effects of peat compaction on delta evolution, and to determine the relative importance of different factors involved, field research should be combined with numerical models describing peat compaction and formation. The model should be validated and calibrated with field data.     

Resources Conditions of Coalbed Methane Districts in China

The China National Administration of Coal Geology accomplished an assessment of coalbed methaneresources of China in 1988. The total amount of coalbed methane resources in China is 14336.944 billion m , occurring in recoverable coal seams and beneath weathering zones, with coalbed methane content equal to or higher than 4 m3 per ton and buried depths smaller than 2000 m, among which there are 967.51 billion m of predicted reserves and 13369.434 billion m of future reserves. The resources in coal reservoirs with methane content of more than 8 m per ton are 12444.087 billion m , and those with methane content between 4 to 8 m per ton are 1892.856 billion m . There are 35 districts in which the resources abundance is higher than 150 million m3 /km2 , 49 districts with the abundance between 50 million and 150 million m 3/km2 , and 31 districts with the abundance less than 50 million m3 /km2 . There is 9256.078 billion m3 of methane occurring in coal seams with buried depths less than 1500 m, and 5080.866 bi     

21世纪中国煤地质与勘探展望

中国煤炭资源量49000余亿t,实际探明储量6000余亿t,其中可供建并使用的精查储量390亿t。由于油气资源有限,加上近年煤炭在降低成本。减少污染方面取得进展,21世纪初可望成为廉价、洁净和可靠的能源,在能源构成中重居领先地位。煤炭在中国化石能源资源中约占95％,在能源构成中将长期占据主导地位。煤田地质工作直加速东部勘探,突出西部找水,提高勘探程度和煤矿地质研究精度,为煤炭开发、洁净煤技术提供可靠信息。     

Coastal peats from northwest Ireland: implications for late-Holocene relative sea-level change and shoreline evolution

Peat and organic rich sediments at coastal sites in extreme northwest Ireland have accumulated in a wide variety of environments, often strongly influenced by late Holocene changes in relative sea level and by geomorphic processes. A deep peat sequence on the coast of Aranmore Island accumulated initially in a lake and subsequently in a freshwater marsh environment. The long pollen record serves as a template for regional events. It extends over much of the Holocene and shows relatively high levels of Pinus pollen up to just before the disappearance of this taxon at c . 3600 BP. Coastal peat occurrences elsewhere are much thinner and have accumulated over shorter periods; they contain further evidence to show that coastal areas were well-wooded compared with today, and that Pinus was an important woodland component prior to c . 4000 BP. At sites in Gweebarra Bay intertidal peats record the closure of small estuaries by geomorphological events during the past 5000 years. Coastal sites at Ballyness, Clonmass, and Trawenagh display regressive stratigraphies ˜ minerogenic marine sediments are overlain by silty peats capped by highly organic freshwater peats. Basal radiocarbon dates range from 4500 to 3300 BP. The silty peats are interpreted as having formed in salt-marsh environments and contain distinctive pollen spectra, marked by high levels of Pinus and Compositae Liguliflorae pollen. The data suggest that relative sea level attained levels close to that of today by the mid-Holocene in this region. The pattern of relative sea-level change agrees well with that predicted by geophysical modelling.     

辽宁省泥炭分布特征及控制因素探讨

辽宁省泥炭的成因类型有陆相的沟谷类和河谷类,海陆交互相的河口类和海滨类.泥炭区域分布不平衡,辽东山地丘岭区为泥炭丰富区;辽南丘陵沿海为泥炭多量区;辽西山地丘陵及辽中平原区为泥炭少量区.从新构造运动与地貌、水文、海进海退和气候4个方面对泥炭分布的控制因素进行了探讨.     

Development and carbon sequestration of tropical peat domes in south-east Asia: links to post-glacial sea-level changes and Holocene climate variability

Tropical peatlands of SE-Asia represent a significant terrestrial carbon reservoir of an estimated 65 Gt C. In this paper we present a comprehensive data synthesis of radiocarbon dated peat profiles and 31 basal dates of ombrogenous peat domes from the lowlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo and integrate our peatland data with records of past sea-level and climate change in the region. Based on their developmental features three peat dome regions were distinguished: inland Central Kalimantan (Borneo), Kutai basin (Borneo) and coastal areas across the entire region. With the onset of the Holocene the first peat domes developed in Central Kalimantan as a response to rapid post-glacial sea-level rise over the Sunda Shelf and intensification of the Asian monsoon. Peat accumulation rates in Central Kalimantan strongly declined after 8500 cal BP in close relation to the lowering rate of the sea-level rise and possibly influenced by the regional impact of the 8.2 ka event. Peat growth in Central Kalimantan apparently ceased during the Late Holocene in association with amplified El Niño activity as exemplified by several truncated peat profiles. Peat domes from the Kutai basin are all younger than ～8300 cal BP. Peat formation and rates of peat accumulation were driven by accretion rates of the Mahakam River and seemingly independent of climate. Most coastal peat domes, the largest expanse of SE-Asian peatlands, initiated between 7000 and 4000 cal BP as a consequence of a Holocene maximum in regional rainfall and the stabilisation and subsequent regression of the sea-level. These boundary conditions induced the highest rates of peat accumulation of coastal peat domes. The Late Holocene sea-level regression led to extensive new land availability that allowed for continued coastal peat dome formation until the present. The time weighted mean Holocene peat accumulation rate is 0.54 mm yr^?1 for Central Kalimantan, 1.89 mm yr^?1 for Kutai and 1.77 mm yr^?1 for coastal domes of Sumatra and Borneo. The mean Holocene carbon sequestration rates amount to 31.3 g C m^?2 yr^?1 for Central Kalimantan and 77.0 g C m^?2 yr^?1 for coastal sites, which makes coastal peat domes of south-east Asia the spatially most efficient terrestrial ecosystem in terms of long term carbon sequestration.