黔东铅锌矿床方解石稀土元素组成与矿床成因

湘西—黔东是我国重要的铅锌成矿区,具有类似的成矿地质背景。但是,贵州境内铅锌矿化的规模远不如湘西,何种原因导致这种差异性成矿尚不清楚。本文开展黔东卜口场、嗅脑和克麻铅锌矿床成矿期热液方解石稀土元素(REE)研究,并与区带上(花垣、牛角塘)和国内典型超大型铅锌矿床(会泽、金顶)进行对比,为认识成矿物质来源提供制约。卜口场、嗅脑和克麻矿床方解石具有一致的REE_(SN)配分模式,其ΣREE含量低(1.6×10~(-6)～22.5×10~(-6)),轻、重稀土分异不明显,有弱负Ce异常(δCe_(SN)=0.62～0.81)和正Gd和Y异常(δGd_(SN)=0.78～1.23;δY_(SN)=0.99～1.78),指示成矿流体中的REE主要来源于赋矿围岩寒武系第二统清虚洞组碳酸盐岩。花垣和牛角塘矿床方解石ΣREE含量较高(平均为28×10~(-6)和24×10~(-6)),暗示富REE流体加入或者成矿流体与REE含量高的基底岩石发生过水岩反应。金顶和会泽矿床方解石ΣREE最高(平均为78×10~(-6)和73×10~(-6)),具有正Eu异常(δEu_(SN)平均值为1.11和1.55),指示成矿流体在地壳深部或基底经历过高温水岩作用。综合分析认为,黔东铅锌矿床成矿流体主要来自赋矿的碳酸盐岩地层,而花垣、牛角塘、会泽和金顶铅锌矿床的成矿流体具有多源性或与富REE的基底岩石发生过强烈水岩反应,这可能是超大型-大型铅锌矿床形成的重要诱因。     

桂北摩天岭含铀花岗岩体岩石地球化学特征

本文按摩天岭含铀花岗岩体的花岗岩、弱蚀变花岗岩、钾交代花岗岩和硅质交代花岗岩4种岩石类型,探讨了岩石中的常量元素、大离子亲石元素(LILE)、高场强元素(HFSE)和稀土元素(REE)含量特征及相互间的关系。其中含铀钾交代花岗岩表现为强钾长石化、强绿泥石化和弱赤铁矿化,U含量与次生黑云母关系密切;含铀硅质交代花岗岩的U含量与微晶石英伴生的铁质有关。通过剖析不同类型岩石的地球化学特征,指出成矿流体的元素主要来自花岗岩,产铀岩石具明显的LLH特征;伴随铀矿化的增强,K/Ba、Rb/Sr值降低,而Ba/Rb值增高;含铀钾交代花岗岩和硅质交代花岗岩的HFSE和REE含量呈共轭消长和重稀土(HREE)相对富集的特征。提出伴随断裂开启多期成矿流体的叠加更有利于铀的富集,LLH特征,以及K/Ba、Rb/Sr值降低与Ba/Rb值增高可作为含铀花岗岩体的地球化学判别依据。     

钠交代作用对碱性花岗岩体系中稀土富集成矿的贡献

碱性岩是全球稀土资源的主要来源之一,特别是中-重稀土资源。针对碱性花岗岩体系中稀土(REE)和部分高场强元素(HFSE)超常富集机制及其控制因素等关键科学问题,目前尚缺乏深入系统的研究工作。本文重点关注碱性花岗岩成矿体系中的钠交代作用,对常见的钠长石化、钠铁闪石化和钠辉石化等热液交代过程中的矿物交代反应过程及其稀有稀土元素再活化-迁移过程开展分析和讨论。在碱性岩中,碱性角闪石和辉石被认为是REE和HFSE的重要载体,同时也是岩浆分异演化的有效示踪剂。以中国黑龙江碾子山碱性花岗岩为例,岩浆晚期的热液交代会导致碱性角闪石和辉石从富钙的矿物相向富钠的矿物相转变,在这个相转变过程中会导致REE和HFSE的活化和迁移。特别是岩浆晚期热液富钠霓辉石的形成过程中REE和HFSE会大规模释放到交代流体中,可能是导致这些关键金属元素在岩浆晚期超常富集和成矿的关键控制因素。因此,碱性角闪石和辉石的钠指数[Na^#=Na/(Na+Ca)摩尔比]可能是一个潜在的矿物地球化学指标,或将为碱性岩型稀土资源勘查提供新的方法。     

山东金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床的流体包裹体REE组成

文章运用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）方法，研究了金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床的脉石英中流体包裹体REE组成特征，结果表明流体包裹体的REE均为LREE富集型，并显示Eu正异常。成矿流体REE配分模式和REE参数特征表明它们具有相当的来源。与金矿有关的成矿母岩，即昆嵛山花岗岩和七宝山次火山岩的REE特征也极为相似，反映成矿流体的REE组成都有从成岩向成矿过程演化继承的关系。矿床流体包裹体REE组成的相似特征及矿床碳氧同位素等特点表明，金青顶金矿床和七宝山金矿床是华北东部中生代同一构造热事件的产物。     

贵州半坡锑矿床方解石稀土元素地球化学研究

贵州半坡锑矿床是我国华南锑成矿带独山锑矿田唯一探明的大型锑矿床,目前对其成矿流体来源还存在很大争论,严重制约了成矿和找矿模型的建立。本文通过对矿床主要脉石矿物方解石的REE组成研究,结合与矿区近矿围岩和不同时代地层REE对比,探讨了矿床成矿流体来源及演化。研究表明:矿区不同产状与矿化有关方解石REE含量范围相近,明显亏损LREE、富集HREE,REE配分模式均为相似的MREE(Sm-Ho)富集型,认为属同源成矿流体不同演化阶段的产物;矿床中方解石除REE含量相对较高外,REE配分模式及相关参数与碳酸盐和沉积岩淋滤液相似,认为成矿流体以淋滤矿区地层的壳源流体为主,同时不排除少量地幔流体参与成矿流体的可能性;矿区方解石的REE地球化学特征不仅指示区域大规模流体运移对成矿的制约作用,而且是重要的找矿标志之一。     

东天山马头滩金矿成矿流体稀土元素特征

用ICP－MS方法对金矿中磁铁矿－黄铁矿－绿泥石－石英成矿阶段（第Ⅱ成矿阶段）和多金属硫化物阶段（第Ⅲ成矿阶段）石英中的流体包裹体的稀土元素测定，发现第Ⅱ、Ⅲ成矿阶段流体中的REE组成具相同的Eu亏损和相似的右倾斜分布型式。与矿区火山岩和侵入岩的REE组分对比分析，认为成矿流体的REE组成主要继承了火山岩和侵入岩（早期岩浆热液）的Eu亏损和右倾斜特征，但前者的LREE更加富集、分布曲线更加向右陡倾斜，反映与晚期变质水和大气降水的混合作用后，成矿流体中REE组成发生了变化。     

扬子西南缘拉拉IOCG矿床辉钼矿稀土元素地球化学特征

本文以扬子西南缘拉拉IOCG矿床辉钼矿为研究对象,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),对变质热液期浸染状辉钼矿(Ⅰ)及后期热液期团块状辉钼矿(Ⅱ)中稀土元素(REE)进行了研究。两期辉钼矿具明显不同的矿/岩相学及REE特征:辉钼矿(Ⅰ)镜下呈鳞片状、规则的板柱状、弯曲的板柱状集合体;辉钼矿(Ⅱ)晶体粗大且结晶程度较高,镜下呈片状集合体。辉钼矿(Ⅰ)的∑REE明显高于辉钼矿(Ⅱ),但轻、重稀土分异程度低于辉钼矿(Ⅱ);辉钼矿(Ⅰ)具Eu负异常特征,而辉钼矿(Ⅱ)表现为Eu正异常、Ce负异常。研究认为:辉钼矿(Ⅰ)的Eu负异常主要受控于成矿流体本身的性质,成矿流体的形成温度较高;辉钼矿(Ⅱ)的Eu正异常、Ce负异常主要受控于成矿流体所处的物理化学环境,并暗示其成矿流体为较低温、高氧逸度的流体。两期辉钼矿分别源于不同的成矿流体。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床脉石矿物方解石REE地球化学

方解石是云南会泽铅锌矿床最重要的脉石矿物，原生矿石中三种产状（即团块状状、团斑状和脉状）方解石的REE含量、有关参数和配分模式都有一定的差异，但不同产状方解石之间以及同种产状方解石的REE地球化学特征具有连续变化规律。分析结果表明：矿区原生矿石中三种产状方解石为同源不同阶段形成的产物；矿床成矿流体具有多来源特征，地幔流体在成矿流体形成过程中具有重要作用；成矿流体在演化过程REE含量逐渐降低；成矿环境由相对还原向相对氧化变化。     

湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床中白钨矿的稀土元素地球化学

对湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床进行了研究,结果表明,该矿床中自钨矿的稀土元素(REE)含量相对较高,为40.5～123.6 μg/g;且有明显的空间变化趋势,随矿区标高的增加而减少,这可能与流体运移过程中流体的REE浓度不断降低有关.不同产状的白钨矿均以轻稀土元素(LREE)亏损、中稀土元素(MREE)和重稀土元素(HREE)富集为特征;白钨矿样品的REE分布模式均存在着明显的M型四分组效应,暗示白钨矿的形成与流体作用或水/岩反应有关.进一步的研究表明,在沃溪白钨矿的沉淀过程中,成矿流体中的REE发生了明显分异,白钨矿对HREE,特别是MREE,具有明显的优先选择性;REE这种分配行为主要是受晶体化学因素的控制,与白钨矿晶体中Ca位置的大小密切相关,而与成矿流体中REE相对浓度、REE络合物的稳定性关系不大.     

金顶超大型铅锌矿床REE地球化学研究

对矿石、蚀变围岩和热水沉积岩REE的研究表明,金顶矿床成矿流体的REE分布特征为LREE高度富集型,具有不明显的Eu异常和清楚的负Ce异常。结合同位素及其他微量元素资料,提出其成矿物质主要来源于富CO_2的地幔流体,REE和部分金属可能是以碳酸配合物的形式搬运的,成矿溶液为(弱)碱性。     

Petrogenetic significance of rare-earth element behavior in the basement rocks of southern Obudu Plateau, Bamenda Massif, southeastern Nigeria

Rock samples representing various igneous and metamorphic rocks of southern Obudu Plateau were analyzed for rare-earth element ( REE ) behavior by ICP-MS. Results of the analyses indicate a range of REE abundances and distinctive patterns from highly fraetionated patterns with negative Eu anomalies in granitic rocks to relatively low abundances and less REE fractionated flat patterns with little Eu anomaly in some paragneisses, schists, enderbites and dolerites to unfractionated patterns with positive Eu anomalies in some paragneisses and charnockites. Over all, there are low to high ∑ REE contents with negative to positive Eu anomalies. The ratios of different parameters, especially La/Yb and Ce/Yb, show behaviors consistent with crustal to mantle derivation. The heterogeneity of REE abundances and REE patterns reflects mantle to crustal petrogenetic variations of different rock suites on the Plateau. The LREE content is higher than the HREE content in the highly differentiated rocks, as evidenced by their La/Yb,Ce/Yb and La/Sm ratios, which are normally higher in residual products than in primary melts. The dominantly intermediate nature of the source rock of the orthogneisses is suggested by the generally low ∑ REE. The granites enriched in LREE and depleted in HREE and some of the charnockites with negative Eu anomalies were probably formed by partial melting and crystallization.     

Li-F花岗岩液态分离的稀土地球化学标志

华南和其他国家典型Ｌｉ－Ｆ花岗岩的１１８个稀土分析研究表明,随Ｌｉ－Ｆ花岗岩由早至晚阶段或自下而上不同岩相演化,稀土模式曲线有三种变化类型：①降低变化,②升高变化,③突然变化等类型。①称为正向演化类型,是结晶分异结果;②称为反向演化类型,代表气液分馏为主的液态分离;③称为演化突变类型,是不混溶为主的液态分离形成。因此,不混溶为主的液态分离标志是稀土模式演化突变类型和Ｌｉ－Ｆ花岗岩在ＲＥＥ－（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）ｎ、Ｌａ／Ｓｍ－Ｌａ（μｇ／ｇ）图解中主演化方向线与次演化方向线或与成分点呈分离特点。气液分馏为主的液态分离标志是稀土模式反向演化类型和Ｌｉ－Ｆ花岗岩在ＲＥＥ－（Ｌａ／Ｙｂ）ｎ、Ｌａ／Ｓｍ－Ｌａ（μｇ／ｇ）图解中主演化方向线,指向图解的右上方等     

Rare Earth Element and Trace Element Features of Gold-bearing Pyrite in the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Jiangxi Province

<正>Jinshan gold deposit is located in northeastern Jiangxi,South China,which is related to the ductile shear zone.It has a gold reserve of more than 200 tons,with 80%of gold occurring in pyrite. The LREE of gold-bearing pyrite is as higher as 171.664 ppm on average,with relatively higher light rare earth elements(LREE;159.556 ppm) and lower HREE(12.108 ppm).TheΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio is 12.612 and(La/Yb)_N is 11.765.These indicate that pyrite is rich in LREE.The(La/Sm)_N ratio is 3.758 and that of(Gd/Yb)_N is 1.695.These are obvious LREE fractionations.The rare earth element(REE) distribution patterns show obvious Eu anomaly with averageδEu values of 0.664,andδCe anomalies of 1.044.REE characteristics are similar to those of wall rocks(regional metamorphic rocks),but different from those of the Dexing granodiorite porphyry and Damaoshan biotite granite.These features indicate that the ore-forming materials in the Jinshan gold deposit derived from the wall rocks, and the ore-forming fluids derived from metamorphic water.The Co/Ni ratio(average value 0.38) of pyrite suggests that the Jinshan gold deposit formed under a medium-low temperature.It is inferred from the values of high-field strength elements,LREE,Hf/Sm,Nb/La,and Th/La of the pyrite that the ore-forming fluids of the Jinshan gold deposit derived from metamorphic water with ClF.     

湛江湾海域表层沉积物稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义

通过对湛江湾近海海域表层沉积物样品粒度和稀土元素(RE E)测试分析,系统地研究海域沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征并探讨其物质来源.结果表明,研究区沉积物的稀土元素含量变化较大,平均值为163.23μg/g,湾外的REE含量(168.61μg/g)高于湾内的REE含量(142.17μg/g);不同类型沉积物的稀土元素含量存...     

白云鄂博碳酸岩墙的稀土和微量元素地球化学及对其成因的启示

根据矿物组成白云鄂博矿区的碳酸岩岩可墙可分为白云石型、白云石－方解石共存型和方解石型三种类型。REE和微量元素地球化学表明，这三类碳酸岩岩墙为碳酸岩浆演化不同阶段的产物，白云石型和白云石－方解石共存型对应于早期岩浆阶段，其（La/Nd)n、(La/Yb)n比值随稀土总量的增加而增大，方解石型则对应于碳酸岩浆演化的晚期热液阶段，其稀土总量明显富集，但其（La/Nd)n、(La/Y)n和（La/Yb)n比值随稀土总量的增加却有减小的趋势，热液阶段也是白云鄂博稀土矿化的主要阶段。     

Rare earth element geochemistry of potassic lavas from the Birunga and Toro-Ankole regions of Uganda,Africa

Neutron activation determination of La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Ta, Hf, Sc, Co and Th in potassic lavas from the Birunga and Toro-Ankole regions show that the rocks are characterized by high rare earth element (REE) contents (161–754 ppm) and form two groups based upon differing La/Yb ratios. One group is made up of katungite, ugandite and mafurite with La/Yb =146–312, and the other of rocks of the leucitite and phonolitic tephrite series, La/Yb =30–56. The trace element content of the ugandite group is similar to that of kimberlites. The data do not indicate any trends of differentiation or simple relationships between the two groups of rocks, although katungite is unlikely to be parental to rocks of lower La/Yb ratios. It is unlikely that in terms of La/Yb ratios that partial melting of mica-garnet-lherzolite mantle can form katungite because of the very small amounts of partial melting required (0.2%), although the La/Yb ratios of 150–200 (ugandites, mafurites) and 30–60 (leucitites, phonolitic tephrites) can be accounted for by 0.3–1.5% and 1–9% melting respectively, if the REE are then concentrated without further La and Yb fractionation. Partial melting of mantle which has been metasomatized by alkaline earths and REE bearing fluids or mixing of carbonatite and nephelenite are also compatable with the observed geochemistry of the lavas. It is considered that gas transfer processes which selectively enrich the light REE may have obscured REE evidence pertaining to early partial melting and/or differentiation processes and therefore that REE geochemistry is of little use in determining the petrogenetic processes involved in the formation of potassic lavas.     

Rare Earth and High Field‐Strength Elements in the Multani Mitti Clay: A Study Using INAA

Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine nine rare earth elements (REE), Sc and five high field‐strength elements (HFSE) in the Multani Mitti (MM) clay. Chondrite‐normalised rare earth element patterns for the MM clay compared with those for the Post‐Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS), Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and North American Shale Composite (NASC) showed enrichment of light REEs and depletion of heavy REEs with a slight negative Eu anomaly. The Multani Mitti clay showed close resemblance to PAAS and NASC in its average REE and HFSE contents. Positive correlations between La/Ce, La/Sm, La/Yb, Zr/Hf, Th/U and Th/Ta ratios predict enrichment of LREEs, Zr and Th and depletion of HREEs. A parent source of felsic origin for the MM clay is also endorsed through the high La/Th and low Th/Sc ratios observed.     

Negative Ce Anomaly in the Indian Banded Iron Formations: Evidence for the Emergence of Oxygenated Deep-Sea at 2.9-2.7 Ga

Abstract: Major and rare earth element contents are reported for Late Archean banded iron formations (BIFs) in the Bababudan Group of the Dharwar Craton, South India. The BIFs are mostly composed of SiO₂ (average1ρ = 54.88.1 wt%) and Fe₂O₃* (44.38.2 wt%). The Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ contents are remarkably low, suggesting that detrital components were starved during the BIF deposition. The BIFs have a LREE-enriched pattern with a relatively high (La/Yb)_N (6.644.07). Total REE concentrations (RE) vary from 5.2 to 65.3 ppm. The REE patterns are characterized by the presence of a very large negative Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce*: 0.13-0.83) and a positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*: 0.96-2.45). The Eu/Eu* decreases and (La/Yb)_N increases with a increase of RE. These correlations of REE indices are similar to those of modern hydrothermal iron-rich sediments near a mid-ocean ridge (MOR). Greenstones associated with the BIFs have MORB-like geochemical features. These geochemical and geological lines of evidence indicate that the depositional site of the BIFs was remote from a continent and/or island arc and that the BIFs were in situ hydrothermal sediments near a MOR. A striking negative Ce anomaly in the BIFs indicates that oxygenated deep-sea environments emerged at 2.9-2.7 Ga. The existence of contemporaneous Mn deposits in the Dharwar Craton supports this assertion. Our scenario of oxygen in the Earth's surface of the Late Archean is different from long-held notion that the atmosphere and ocean were persistently anoxic throughout the Archean.     

塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩化流体来源的地球化学分析

塔里木盆地是中国重要的含油气盆地,其中奥陶系白云岩是主要储层之一,然而有关白云岩成因的问题众说纷纭,其中的关键是对于白云岩化流体性质的认识不一。元素地球化学和同位素测试分析表明,白云岩的稀土元素来源大部分继承原始灰岩,具有与海水类似的配分特征,只不过稀土元素的含量明显增高了;Sr、Ti含量和Sr/Ba比值较高,且Sr和Mn都具典型的埋藏演化特征;碳、氧同位素分布于正常海相范围内,与典型的埋藏白云岩特征类似;在局部发育一些与断裂相关的铁(锰)白云岩和鞍状白云岩,显示明显的Eu正异常,具相对较高的Fe-Mn-Ba-Si(-Zn-Pb)元素含量及Sr/Ba比值。分析结果说明塔中和塔北下奥陶统的白云岩化流体主要为正常或浓缩了的海水,白云岩形成于准同生和/或埋藏环境,局部发育与断裂相关的热液白云岩,而前人强调的大气淡水或混合水作用对白云岩的形成并不重要。     

Trace element geochemistry of the Mt Vulture carbonatites,southern Italy

The Mt Vulture carbonatites are the only carbonatite occurrence in the southern Apennines. We present new trace element data for these rocks in order to evaluate the factors influencing rare earth element (REE) and other trace element fractionations and their REE grade. This study focuses on massive hyalo-alvikites from two lava flows and one dike, which have different relative abundances of silicate and carbonate (i.e. Si/Ca). These differences are also evident from CaO/(CaO + MgO + FeO(T) + MnO) and Sr/Ba ratios. The REE grade of the Mt Vulture carbonatites is very similar to that of the global average for calcio-carbonatites. R-mode factor analysis shows that most of the trace element variance reflects the relative roles of carbonate and silicate minerals in influencing trace element distributions. Silicates largely control heavy rare earth element (HREE), transition metal, Zr, and Th abundances, whereas carbonate minerals control light rare earth element (LREE), Ba, and Pb abundances. In addition, apatite influences LREE concentrations. Increasing silica contents are accompanied by decreases in (La/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N ratios and less marked LREE enrichment. In contrast, higher carbonate contents are associated with increases in (La/Yb)N and (La/Sm)N. The Si/Ca ratio has little influence on Eu anomalies and middle rare earth element (MREE) to HREE fractionations. Apatite has a negligible effect on inter-REE fractionations amongst the carbonatites.