Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag) Deposits, Central Fujian Rift, South China: Implications for Geological Events

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Znpolymetallic metailogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period ofMeixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wallrocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope fromsulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the δ34S rangingfrom -3.5‰ to 5.6‰ averaging at 2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magmaor possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead fromores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character (206Pb/204Pb>18.140, 207Tb/204Pb>15.584,208Pb/204Pb>38.569) and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicatesthat the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, twosignificant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentaryexhalative metallogenesis (The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore-hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.) and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermalsuperimposed and alternated metallogenesis (intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronalages between 127-154 Ma).     

闽中梅仙式铅锌银矿床矿质来源的硫、铅同位素示踪及成矿时代

福建闽中地区是我国又一个新的、重要的火山岩容矿块状硫化物铅锌多金属成矿带。为查明梅仙式铅锌银矿床的金属成矿物质来源和成矿时代,本文对其中5个主要矿床进行了矿石矿物和围岩的硫、铅同位素测试和同位素地质年代学研究。结果表明,不同矿床矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成变化范围较小且平均值接近于零,δ34S介于-3.5‰~ 5.6‰,平均 2.0‰,表明硫主要为岩浆来源,火山直接喷发和从容矿火山岩中淋取皆是可能的机制。大部分矿床矿石铅以放射性成因为特征(206Pb/204Pb>18.140、207Pb/204Pb>15.584、208Pb/204Pb>38.569),且矿石铅同位素值均大于围岩,指示铅可能主要是由容矿火山岩淋滤而来。根据矿床地质特征和同位素地质测年数据,厘定出两次重要的铅锌成矿作用,即中-新元古代海底火山喷流沉积同生成矿(赋矿围岩单颗粒锆石U-Pb法、Sm-Nd等时线法和40Ar-39Ar法年龄介于933~1788Ma)和燕山期岩浆热液叠加改造成矿(侵入岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb和Rb-Sr等时线年龄为127~154Ma)。     

小秦岭地区文峪和东闯石英脉型金矿床铅及硫同位素研究

小秦岭地区文峪和东闯金矿床均是华北地台南缘的大型金矿床，金和金(铅）矿化主要在太古宙太华群变质岩层内呈脉状产出，并且同中生代燕山期花岗岩类具密切的时空分布关系。文章对文峪金矿床、东闯金（铅）矿床、花岗岩类侵入岩和变质岩地层的硫和铅同位素组成进行了系统研究，对不同地质体的硫和铅同位素变化特征进行了详细讨论。研究结果表明：中生代花岗岩体起源于太古言变质岩的重熔和岩浆结晶分异作用。金的成矿作用发生在中生代燕山期，成矿物质主要来自花岗岩类侵入岩，岩浆热流体对太古富变质岩地层的淋滤作用亦为金矿床的形成提供了部分物质来源。     

闽西南大排铁铅锌多金属矿床O、S、Pb同位素组成及其成因意义

对闽西南大排铁铅锌多金属矿床地质特征调查的基础上,分别开展了矿石中主要矿物磁铁矿、石榴子石的O同位素及黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿的S、Pb同位素测试。结果表明,石榴子石中δ18O值变化范围为3.4‰~6‰,反映了石榴子石矽卡岩可能继承隐伏花岗岩体的O同位素组成;根据磁铁矿的O同位素组成(2.2~4.3‰)所计算的磁铁矿阶段成矿流体的δ18O为9.23‰~11.34‰(500℃)或8.58‰~10.69‰(600℃),暗示有富集δ18O的CO2融入到成矿流体中;矿石硫化物δ34S组成变化范围较窄,变化范围为-2.6‰~1.5‰,多数集中在0值分布,具有岩浆硫(0±3‰)的特点;硫化物的Pb同位素组成206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb、208Pb/204Pb的数值分别为18.486~18.537、15.665~15.712、38.823~38.979,变化范围小,整体上具有壳幔混合且以壳源物质为主的特点。结合对闽西南马坑式铁多金属矿床及闽西南花岗岩年代学讨论认为,大排铁铅锌多金属矿床的形成主要与晚中生代花岗岩浆侵入接触交代作用有关。上述认识对于进一步明确闽西南地区铁多金属矿找矿方向具有重要的理论意义。     

闽中裂谷块状硫化物型铅锌矿床的地质特征及找矿意义

中-新元古代闽中地区铅锌多金属矿床形成的古构造环境、主要矿床地质特征及矿床成因研究是了解华夏古陆前寒武纪构造成矿演化及进一步找矿的关键。地层层序及岩相学研究表明闽中地区马面山群东岩组并不是一次火山旋回的产物,而是经历了至少3期双峰式火山作用。地球化学研究表明赋矿地层东岩组的原岩属海相细碧-石英角斑质火山岩系,形成于中-新元古代的大陆裂谷环境。典型矿床地质研究表明闽中地区在新元古代形成海底火山喷流沉积块状硫化物铅锌矿床（或矿胚层）,燕山晚期受到了强烈的构造及岩浆热液的叠加改造,并形成一定规模的矿床。在此基础上初步探讨了中-新元古代古裂谷环境与块状硫化物矿床形成的成因联系。根据闽中地区铅锌矿床的主要特征、找矿方法的分析,总结了该类矿床的找矿标志,并对该区的找矿前景进行了初步分析。     

长坑金银矿床的铅,锶,硫同位素特征与矿化模式

长坑矿床金、银矿石的铅同位素组成具有一定的差异，前者的２０６Ｐｂ／２０４Ｐｂ比值变化大，后者较富２０７Ｐｂ／２０８Ｐｂ。金矿石中的铅为普通铅与放射成因铅混合而成的异常铅，银矿石中的铅则可能为三阶段铅混合的产物，且二者均为壳源。方解石的８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ比值显示锶来自地壳。金、银矿石硫化物的δ３４Ｓ值分别以分散（平均值为负）和较为集中（平均值为正）为特征，并与铅同位素组成之间存在相关关系。结合金、银的矿化分带现象，提出了铅同位素特征与氧化势不同的流体相互混合的成矿模式。     

华北克拉通北缘岩浆Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床地质特征、形成时代及其地球动力学背景

基于以往研究成果,笔者比较详细而全面地总结了华北克拉通北缘Ni-Cu-(PGE)硫化物矿床的基本特点、时空分布规律,并将该成矿带划分为四个成矿亚带:①吉黑成矿亚带、②辽吉成矿亚带、③燕冀成矿亚带和④白云鄂博成矿亚带.文中重新厘定了各个成矿亚带的形成时代,得出华北克拉通北缘Ni-Cu-(PGE)矿有三个主要成矿期,即古元古代吕梁期(2242~1 962 Ma)、晚古生代海西晚期(289~265 Ma)和早中生代印支期(225~216 Ma).这三大成矿期所对应的地球动力学背景分别为华北克拉通北缘边缘裂陷环境、华北克拉通北缘晚古生代造山期后环境和古亚洲造山带的后碰撞-伸展环境.     

Stable Isotopes and Halogen Geochemistry of the Huayuan Carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn Ore District, South China: Implications for the Salt Source of Ore-forming Fluids

The Huayuan Pb-Zn ore district in China, located in western Hunan Province, is a giant carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn ore district. The source of ore-forming brines in this ore district remains poorly constrained. Whether the highly saline brines are derived from evaporated seawater or dissolved evaporates continues to be intensely debated. Carbonate minerals associated with Pb-Zn mineralization have δ13CV-PDB and δ18OV-SMOW values ranging from ?5.55‰ to +1.35‰ (mean value of ?0.69‰; n = 14) and +16.28‰ to +25.05‰ (mean value of +20.22‰; n = 14), respectively. This indicates that carbonate minerals are dominantly formed from dissolved ore-hosted carbonate rocks. The δ34S values of sulfides range from +20.2‰ to +36.8‰, with an average value of +30.0‰ (n = 27). These results suggest that sulfur is predominantly derived from the thermochemical sulfate reduction of marine sulfate. The crush-leach analyzed solute data of fluid inclusions in sphalerite show the ore-forming fluids have Cl/Br molar ratios range from 118 to 384, and Na/Br molar ratios from 39 to 160 (n = 8). These Cl/Br ratios of hydrothermal fluid are much lower than those of seawater (657 to 564), but are consistent with bittern brines through early halite precipitation. We propose that ore-forming fluids are mainly derived from evaporitic basin brines, which leached base metals from the basement and/or country rocks. The brine then migrated to the basin margins through clastic rocks of basement and then precipitated sul?des by thermochemical sulfate reduction.     

冀西北水泉沟杂岩体及与其有关金矿床的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar同位素年代学研究

冀西北金矿集中区是我国华北地台北缘金矿成矿带的重要组成部分,区内金矿主要产于水泉沟碱性杂岩体及邻近的太古宙变质岩内。Ar-Ar同位素年龄测定结果显示,金矿床成矿年龄(172～188 Ma)与水泉沟碱性杂岩体的形成年龄(304～306 Ma)相差达120 Ma。综合研究推断金矿床不是碱性岩浆直接演化产物,而是在燕山期构造—岩浆活动影响下,地下循环热流体对矿源岩——碱性杂岩体淋滤、萃取,形成富含金的成矿热液,最终在有利的成矿构造部位沉淀富集的结果。因此本区的金矿床均属于与碱性杂岩体有关的改造型热液金矿。     

Geology,Mineralogy, Geochronology,and Sulfur Isotope Constraints on the Genesis of the Luanling Gold Telluride Deposit,Western Henan Province,Central China

The Luanling gold telluride deposit in the Xiong'ershan region is located in the southern margin of the North China Craton. The deposit formed in four stages, that is, an early pyrite‐quartz stage (I), a pyrite‐molybdenite stage (II), a sulfide‐telluride‐gold stage (III), and a late carbonate stage (IV). Six species of telluride in stage (III) are recognized, including hessite, altaite, petzite, unidentified Au‐Ag‐Te mineral, empressite, and unidentified Ag‐Te‐S mineral. Gold occurs mostly as native gold and electrum along the microfractures of sulfides or the contact between sulfide and telluride. The mineralization temperature of stage I and stage III ranges from 296 to 377°C and 241 to 324°C, respectively. Tellurides in stage III precipitate at the log?_S2 from ?14.3 to ?7.3 and log?_Te2 from ?17.4 to ?9.4. The ores were formed in an oxidizing environment. The Re‐Os model ages of molybdenite are 162–164 Ma, which indicate that the main ore formation stage was in the Late Jurassic. The Re contents of five molybdenite samples from the Luanling deposit have a range of 36.32–81.95 ppm, except for one large value of 220 ppm, which indicates that the ore‐forming materials are mainly derived from a crustal‐dominated source. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides range from ?17.6 to ?6.2‰, whereas those of sulfates are from 6.8 to 11.5‰. The δ³⁴S_∑S value of the ore‐forming system is 0.0–3.7‰, indicating that the sulfur of the Luanling deposit derived from a deep igneous source. Mineral association and isotope data of the Luanling deposit, together with its geodynamic setting, imply that this deposit belongs to a part of the metallogenic system of the Nannihu‐Sandaozhuang, Shangfangou porphyry molybdenum deposits, and the Late Jurassic granitic intrusions.     

Strontium and Lead Isotopic Study of the Carbonate‐hosted Xujiashan Antimony Deposit from Hubei Province,South China: Implications for its Origin

The Xujiashan antimony deposit is hosted by marine carbonates of the Upper Sinian Doushantuo and Dengying Formations in Hubei Province, South China. Our Sr isotopic data from pre‐ and syn‐mineralization calcites that host the mineralization show that the pre‐mineralization calcite displays a narrow range of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7096 to 0.7097), similar to the ratios of the Sinian seawater, and high Sr concentrations (2645 to 8174 ppm). In contrast, the syn‐mineralization calcite exhibits low Sr concentrations (785 to 2563 ppm) and high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7109 to 0.7154), which is interpreted as the result of addition of radiogenic strontium during the antimony mineralization. The study of Sr isotopes suggests that their Sr component to the pre‐mineralization calcite derived directly from the host rocks (i.e. the Sinian marine carbonates), while radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr for the syn‐mineralization calcite derived from the underlying Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group basement through hydrothermal fluid circulation along the major fault that hosts the mineralization. The Pb isotopic ratios of stibnite are subdivided into two groups (Group A and Group B), Group A is characterized by higher radiogenic lead, with ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.874 to 19.288, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.708 to 15.805, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.642 to 39.001. Group B shows lower lead isotope ratios (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.882 to 18.171, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.555 to 15.686, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 37.950 to 38.340). The single‐stage model ages of Group A are mainly negative or slightly positive values (‐258 to 3 Ma), while those of Group B range from 636 to 392 Ma, with an average of 495 ± 65 Ma. In addition, there are positive linear correlations among Pb isotopic ratios. These results suggest that the lead of Group A stibnite was mainly derived from the Sinian marine carbonates, and that of Group B stibnite from the underlying Lengjiaxi Group basement. This conclusion is consistent with the results of the Sr isotopes. These results indicate that the Xujiashan deposit is not syngenetic sedimentary and in situ reworked origin as previously considered. The metal (mainly Sb) of this deposit was not only derived from the Sinian host rocks, but also partly derived from the underlying Mesoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group basement.     

内蒙古林西萤石矿床石英ESR年龄及其地质意义

内蒙古林西地区萤石矿床主要赋存于晚古生代-中生代火山-沉积地层和酸性侵入岩体中,矿体主要受南北向和北北东向断裂破碎带控制。萤石矿床中共生有大量同期形成的石英（脉）,运用石英热活化电子自旋共振（ESR）测年法,对萤石矿床中8件与萤石共生的石英进行年代学研究,来探讨林西萤石矿床的形成时代。结果表明,林西萤石矿床中的石英ESR年龄范围为126.6～157.3 Ma,平均年龄为137 Ma,表明研究区萤石矿床成矿时代主要为侏罗纪晚期-白垩纪早期。与全球其他地区萤石矿床成矿时代对比,并结合本区萤石矿床地质特征,认为林西萤石矿为中-低温热液裂隙充填型萤石矿床,形成于燕山中期板内构造体制转换时期。     

内蒙古乌拉山石英-钾长石脉金矿床铅和硫同位素研究

内蒙古乌拉山金矿床是近年在我国北方发现的大型金矿之一。矿床主要由赋存在太古界乌拉山群变质地层中一系列石英－钾长石脉和石英脉组成，矿区范围内晚古生代一中生代花岗岩类分布广泛并且同金矿化具密切时，空分布关系。本文对乌拉山金矿床。大桦背花岗岩体和变质岩地层的硫，铅同位素比值进行了系统测定，并解释了不同地质体硫，铅同位素变化特征。研究表明：金成矿作用生发在２４０×１０＾６ａ，成矿物质主要来自大桦背华岗岩体     

Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Shaxi Porphyry Copper (Gold) Deposits, Anhui Province

The Shaki porphyry copper(gold) deposits are a trpical example of porphyry copper deposits associ-ated with diorite in eastern China. Quartz diorite, which hosts the deposits, has a Rb-Sr isochron age of 127.9±1.6Ma. Geochemically, the rock is rich in alkalis (especially sodium), light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ionlithophile elements (LILE), and has a relatively low initial strontium isotopic ratio (I_(Sr)=0.7058); thus it is the productof differentiation of crust-mantle mixing source magma. The model of alteration and mineralization zoning is similarto the Hollister (1974) diorite model. The ore fluids have a relatively high salinity and contain significant amounts ofCO_2, Ca~(2+), Na~+ and Cl~-. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions for the main mineralization stage rangefrom 280 to 420℃, the δ~(18)O values of the ore fluids vary from 3.51 to 5.52‰, the δD values are in the range between-82.4 and -59.8‰, the δ~(34)S values of sulphides vary from -0.3 to 2.49‰, and the δ~(13)C values of CO_2 in inclusionsrange between -2.66 and -6.53‰. Isotope data indicate that the hydrothermal ore fluids and ore substances of theShaxi porphyry copper (gold) deposits were mainly derived from magmatic systems.     

青海东昆仑造山型金矿硫、铅同位素地球化学

对青海东昆仑地区典型金矿床基本地质特征及岩(矿)石S、Pb同位素地球化学进行了研究,认为矿床具有相似的地质-地球化学特征,并与这里的造山过程有密切的成因联系,为典型的造山型金矿床;硫化物S同位素组成变化较大且出现两个峰值,塔式分布效应明显;Pb同位素组成分布集中、比值较高且矿床围岩与矿石的Pb同位素组成十分接近,反映硫、铅等成矿物质主要来自围岩地层;晚古生代-早中生代强烈的俯冲与碰撞作用产生了深断裂、大型剪切带及次一级的褶皱和断裂-裂隙控矿构造,并诱发了流体成矿作用,从而导致区内数个大中型金矿床和矿点的形成与规律性分布.     

西藏洞嘎金矿床地质特征、原位硫同位素组成及成因探讨

洞嘎金矿位于西藏雄村矿集区, 是冈底斯成矿带较早发现且投入开采的金矿, 但研究程度低, 矿床成因存在较大争议。本文通过系统的矿床地质特征研究, 开展了硫化物原位硫同位素测试, 分析成矿物质来源, 进而探讨洞嘎金矿的成因。洞嘎金矿体受控于雄村组凝灰岩中的裂隙系统, 矿体呈脉状产出, 已探获金金属资源量9.55 t, 达到中型规模。矿石构造主要为脉状-细脉状构造, 金主要以包裹金和粒间金的形式赋存于黄铁矿和黄铜矿中。根据脉体穿插关系及矿物共生组合特征, 将洞嘎金矿的成矿过程划分为热液成矿期与表生氧化期, 其中热液成矿期为主成矿期, 可进一步划分为3个成矿阶段: 成矿早阶段、成矿主阶段及成矿晚阶段。洞嘎金矿床硫化物的硫同位素δ34S= –1.57‰~+5.26‰, 平均值+1.69‰, 具明显的塔式分布, 表明硫源具岩浆硫的特点。结合前人已发表的数据, 我们认为洞嘎金矿属于斑岩铜金成矿系统外围的热液脉型金矿床, 深部可能存在斑岩型铜金矿床, 找矿潜力极大。洞嘎金矿的成矿物质来源主要为地幔, 有少量的地壳物质(俯冲沉积物)加入。洞嘎金矿床的金与绿泥石密切相关, 该绿泥石主要为溶蚀-迁移-结晶机制形成, 绿泥石形成过程导致含金热液流体成分及物理化学性质发生改变, 使得成矿流体中的金发生卸载, 最终在凝灰岩的裂隙系统中形成洞嘎金矿床。     

辽西二道沟金矿成矿物质来源：来自S Pb同位素的证据

辽西二道沟金矿位于华北克拉通北缘中段,矿化类型为石英脉型,矿脉产状受断裂严格控制。对该矿床的典型矿脉进行了详细的硫、铅同位素研究,探讨了该矿床的成矿物质来源。分析表明：二道沟金矿成矿热液的总硫同位素组成接近地幔硫的值(δ34S≈0‰),反映了成矿热液的硫主要来自深部岩浆;铅同位素206Pb/204Pb、 207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别变化在17047~17292、15319~15555和36991~37855之间,得出矿石铅主要来源为地幔,且有下地壳铅的混入;二道沟金矿矿石的硫、铅同位素特征与西对面沟岩体的硫、铅同位素组成特征基本一致,说明成矿物质的来源与西对面沟岩体(或这次岩浆作用)有密切联系。这些证据都证明了二道沟金矿成矿物质来源于深源岩浆。     

陕西旬阳泗人沟铅锌矿床地质及S、Pb同位素地球化学特征

陕西旬阳泗人沟铅锌矿床位于南秦岭褶皱系之大羊山复向斜南翼,赋存在上志留统水洞沟组第二岩性段的粉砂质千枚岩中.矿体受控于层间破碎带和劈理带,呈层状、似层状、透镜状产出.矿石矿物以闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿和黄铜矿为主;矿石结构主要为它形-半自形粒状集合体结构、交代结构和固溶体分离结构;矿石构造主要为块状、条带状、浸...     

滇中播卡铜矿床硫、铅同位素组成及其地质意义

滇中播卡铜矿床是著名"东川式"铜矿床的典型代表,但对其成矿物质来源和矿床成因认识存在争议。对矿区典型铜矿发育的金属硫化物进行硫和铅同位素组成分析,探讨其成矿物质来源。硫同位素测试结果表明,人占石铜矿金属硫化物的δ³⁴S值为1.6‰～10.7‰,指示硫以岩浆(火山喷发)作用为主要来源,并受到沉积作用影响。铅同位素测试结果则表明人占石铜矿、天生塘铜矿、竹箐凹子铜矿和白石岩铜矿中的铅主要来源于壳幔混合物质。综合前人研究和本次硫、铅同位素分析结果,认为播卡铜矿床成矿物质主要来自地幔,且受到地壳物质的混染。     

南天山坎岭铅锌矿矿床地质特征及S、Pb同位素特征研究

坎岭铅锌矿床是中国新疆南天山造山带内典型的铅锌矿床之一,矿床产于塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪隆起带内。通过野外地质调查和同位素研究发现:矿床具有后生成矿特征,赋矿围岩主要为上寒武统—奥陶系碳酸盐岩,矿体主要受构造和围岩控制,矿体形态以脉状、似层状和透镜状为主,矿石矿物组合简单,主要金属矿物为方铅矿和闪锌矿,围岩蚀变较弱。矿石S同位素组成分布较宽(δ34S=-1‰~12.2‰),硫主要来源于深部地幔及沉积地层;矿石Pb同位素组成较为均一,206Pb/204Pb值为17.262~17.269,207Pb/204Pb值为15.571~15.675,208Pb/204Pb值为38.062~38.396,通过对比矿石与主要赋矿围岩的Pb同位素特征,发现二者存在亲缘性,说明成矿金属主要由沉积地层供给。综合矿床地质、地球化学特征,初步认为坎岭铅锌矿床为赋存于台地碳酸盐岩中的MVT矿床。