等频大地水准面的概念及应用

阐述了等频大地水准面的概念及其理论基础，讨论了等频大地水准面与经典大地水准面的关系，提出了测定位差和高程差的新方法－引力或重力频移法，探讨了利用频移观测法解边值问题求定地球外部重力位的途径。     

论相对论重力位及相对论大地水准面

讨论了相对论意义下的重力位及大地水准面，指出了等时率大地水准面的缺陷，建议今后采用等频面及等频大地水准面的概念，给出了等频大地水准面与经典大地水准面的差异，同时给出了等频大地水准面的近似表达式。     

一种确定大地水准面重力位漂移δW的方法

理论上,大地水准面上的重力位常数W0决定了大地水准面的形状及大小。源于大地水准面重力位W0的系统误差将直接导致大地水准面的漂移,如何精确确定W0一直是大地测量学家极为感兴趣的问题。本文基于虚拟压缩恢复法,提出了一种不同于传统的确定大地水准面重力位漂移δW的方法。     

GPS水准、天文重力水准与重力大地水准面多种数据联合处理的研究

针对我国大地水准面的研究状况，提出了在国家ＧＰＳＢ级网完成之后，利用ＧＰＳ水准、天文重力水准与重力大地水准面３类数据确定我国高精度大地水准面的理论和方法。分析了３类数据的误差传播规律，给出了联合平差模型，并用一模拟网进行了试算     

GPS水准,天文重力水准与重力大地水准面多种数据联合…

针对我国大地水准面的研究状况，提出了在国家ＧＰＳ Ｂ级网完成之后，利用ＧＰＳ水准、天重力水准与和重力大地水准面３类数据确定我国高精度大地水准面的理论和方法。分析了３类数据的误差传播规律，给出了联合平差模型，并用一模拟网进行了试算。     

大地水准面确定的几种方法和比较

本文简要地介绍了使用GPS／水准法、重力法和组合法确定大地水准面的方法，并使用实测数据进行了试算，对计算结果进行了比较与分析，得出了结论。     

论大地水准面

经典大地水准面被定义为等重力位水准面 ,它在海洋中重合于假想的静止海水面 ,而后者通常又由平均海水面来代替。然而 ,平均海水面并非重力等位面 ,如果精度要求高于 1m ,则上述经典定义不再适用。近代大地水准面被定义为最接近于平均海水面的重力等位面 ,但关键问题是如何确定这种大地水准面。为实现这一目标 ,不仅需要确定大地水准面的形状 ,而且需要确定大地位常数W0 。探讨了几种主要的大地水准面的定义及其相关的确定大地水准面的问题 ,并建议了一种新的大地水准面的定义     

用重力异常逐级余差计算重力大地水准面

本文将计算重力大地水准面的频域方法推广至空域，提出了一种新的用重力数据和重力模型位系数联合确定大地水准面的方法。利用重力异常的逐级余差实施积分，使得通常的Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ积分方法具有明确的频域分析含义，可按精度要求确定出使用重力异常余差的块形大小及积分半径ψｏ。     

全国及部分省市地区高精度、高分辨率大地水准面的研究及其实施

结合我国重力和地形资料及国内外较优的重力场模型，研制了适合我国重力场特征的360阶重力场模型WDM94，建立了中国新一代包括全部陆海国土的dm级（似）大地水准面CQG2000，建立了中国以GPS／水准为基础的高程异常控制网，利用海洋卫星测高数据进行我国海洋大地水准面的计算、我国陆地重力（似）大地水准面的研制厦我国陆海（似）大地水准面的拼接；研制了江苏省、海南省、深圳市、大连市、南京市及南水北调西线工程具有cm级精度的省市地区（似）大地水准面模型；结合GPS技术和高精度（似）大地水准面模型，研制了GPS测图软硬件一体化系统。     

精密水准测量中重力异常改正问题

我国各级水准点采用正常高系统。正常高指地面A点距似大地水准面的距离，即：式中γ_m~A为A点至似大地水准面的平均正常重力值。正常高可以精确确定，两水准点之间正常高差的计算公式：     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。