Ultrastructure of Single Cells ,Callus—like and Monos—pore—like Cells in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda on Semi—slid Culture Medium

It had been demonstrated that individual or protoplasts isolated from Porphyra thallus by enzyme could develop into normal leafy thalli in the same way as monosproes,and that isolated cells develop in different way in liquid and on semi-solid media,The authors observed the ultrastructure of isolated vegetative cells cultured on semi-solid media and compared them with those of monospores and isolated cells cultured in liquid media,The results showed that subcellular struce-tures were quite different among cells in different conditions.In their development,isolated cells on semi-solid media did not show the characteristic subcellular eature of monospore formation ,such as production of fibrous vesicles,Callus-like cells formed on semi-solid media underwent a distinctive modification in cellular organization.They developed characteristic cell inclusions and a special 2-layer cell covering,Golgi bodies,ER ,starch grains,mitochondria,Vaculoes were not commonly found in them.     

Ultrastructure of Single Cells, Callus-like and Monosore-like Cells in Porphyra yezoensis Ueda on Semi solid Culture Medium

It had been demonstrated that individual cells or protoplasts isolated from Porphyra thallus by enzyme could develop into normal leafy thalli in the same way as monospores, and that isolated cells develop in different way in liquid and on semi solid media. The authors observed the ultrastructure of isolated vegetative cells cultured on semi solid media and compared them with those of monospores and isolated cells cultured in liquid media. The results showed that subcellular structures were quite different among cells in different conditions. In their development, isolated cells on semi solid media did not show the characteristic subcellular feature of monospore formation, such as production of fibrous vesicles. Callus like cells formed on semi solid media underwent a distinctive modification in cellular organization. They developed characteristic cell inclusions and a special 2 layer cell covering. Golgi bodies, ER, starch grains, mitochondria. Vacuoles were not commonly found in them.     

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SEPARATED AND CULTURED CELL OF PORPHYRA YEZOENSIS

There are many reports that cells (protoplasts) separated from the thallus of Porphyra by enzyme can develop to normal leafy thalli in the same way as monopores. But there are few investigations on the subcellular structure of the isolated vegetative cell for ccmparison with the subcellular structure of monospores. To clarify whether the separated and cultured cells undergo the same or similar ultrastructure changes during culture and germination as monospores undergo in their formation and germination, we observed their ultrastructure, ccxnpared them with those of the monospore and found that the ultrastructure of separated and cultured cells did not have the characteristic feature as that of monospore formarion, such as production of small and large fibrous vesicles, but was acccxnpanied by vacuolation andstarch mobilization like that in monospore germination. The paper also discusses the relations between monospores and separated and cultured cells.     

The ultrastructure of separated and cultured cell of Porphyra yezoensis

There are many reports that cells (protoplasts) separated from the thallus ofPorphyra by enzyme can develop to normal leafy thalli in the same way as monospores. But there are few investigations on the subcellular structure of the isolated vegetative cell for comparison with the subcellular structure of monospores. To clarify whether the separated and cultured cells undergo the same or similar ultrastructure changes during culture and germination as monospores undergo in their formation and germination, we observed their ultrastructure, compared them with those of the monospore and found that the ultrastructure of separated and cultured cells did not have the characteristic feature as that of monospore formation, such as production of small and large fibrous vesicles, but was accompanied by vacuolation and starch mobilization like that in monospore germination. The paper also discusses the relations between monospores and separated and cultured cells. Contribution No. 3875 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Project 39770593 supported by NSFC; Project 96-C01-05-01 of the 9th Five-Year Plan supported by Science and Technology Commision of China.     

Study on monospore-like cells fromPorphyra haitanensis

Porphyra haitanensis andP. yezoensis are two mainPorphyra species cultured in China. Their life histories are slightly different. So far we have not observed thatP. haitanensis naturally produces monospores developing into thalli.P. yezoensis produces monospores which directly germinate into young thalli used in cultivation (Zeng, et al., 1985). Some somatic cells inP. yezoensis develop in vitro into monospore-like cells which later grow into young thalli (Lu, 1983). Studies on whether or not somatic cells inP. haitanensis can produce in vitro monospore-like cells that later grow into young thalli is important for understanding its life history and for culturing new varieties.     

The influence of Fe^2＋ on growth and development of cells enzymatically isolated from Porphyra yezoensis blades

Fe^2＋ acted as an accessorial factor for many cellular enzymatic reactions is very important for seaweed growth and development, but the Fe^2＋ requirement in nori had not been seen. Porphyra yezoensis cells were separated enzymatically and cultured in a series of sterilized seawater media containing various concentrations of Fe^2＋. The growth development and cell were investigated in this work. Through this experiment, two biologically-meant concentration scales were found, one is low concentrations, 12.1-102.1μg/L, 10-100 times than that in seawater, favoring the development of isolated cells of Porphyra and the other was high concentrations, more than 10mg/L inhibiting the cell growth, leading to the deformity and shrinkage of the cells. At the concentration of 50 mg/L, the cells stopped growing and died eventually.     

INDUCTION OF ECTODERMAL CELLS FROM VEGETAL-ENDODERMAL BLASTOMERES OF AMPHIOXUS(BRANCHIOSTOMA BELCHERI TSINGTAUNESE) EMBRYOS BY THE CALCIUM IONOPHORE A23187

INTRODUCnONAInPhioxusl6-celleInbryosconsistoftwotiersofblastomeres,eighboInalblas-tomeres,A8,andeightvegetalblastomeres,V8(Fig.l).Tungetal.(l958)shOWedthaV8isolatedatthel6-cellstage,whenculndexplan,gaVeriseInainlytointestineandoccasionalltonotochoal,muscleandneUraltube,butneverformedepidends-bendng-ly,thedeveloPmentalfateofV8blastomeresap~tobedetendnedatthel6-cellStag.HOWeVer,thesamauthors(l961)shoWedIaterthatifvegetal-mostblastomersatthe32-cellstage,thedescendansofV8,wereisolateda…     

Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor and Insulin-like Growth Factor on Cultured Cartilage Cells from Skate Raja porasa

Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor Ⅱ(IGF-Ⅱ) on cartilage cells from proboscis of skate, Raja porasa Glinther, were investigated in this study. The cartilage cells were cultured in 20% FBS-supplemented MEM medium at 24℃. Twelve hours after culture initiation, the cartilage cells were treated with bFGF and IGF-Ⅱ at different concentration combinations. It was found that 20 ng/ml of bFGF or 80 ng/ml of IGF-Ⅱ was enough to have obvious stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. Test of bFGF and IGF-Ⅱ together, revealed that 20 ng/ml of bFGF and 80 ng/ml of IGF-Ⅱ together had the best stimulating effect on the growth and division of skate cartilage cells. The cartilage cells cultured could form a monolayer at day 7.     

Enhancing the culturability of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of farmed adult turbot Scophthalmus maximus

Eighteen agar media were tested for the culture of gut-associated bacteria from farmed adult turbot(Scophthalmus maximus),including 16 agar media with or without 1% gastrointestinal(GI)supernatant,or with 2% or 4% GI supernatant.A total of 1 711 colonies were analyzed and 24 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were identifi ed.The greatest bacterial diversity was isolated on Zobell 2216E/Zobell 2216E+ agar media,whereas MRS/MRS+ agar media produced a low diversity of colonies.Agar media with GI supernatant(1%,2%,or 4%)showed increased diversity and yielded different profi les of OTUs from the corresponding original media,suggesting that GI supernatant provides substances that enhance the culture effi ciency of bacteria from the turbot GI tract.The large majority of the colonies(82%)were γ-Proteobacteria,whereas 15.6% and 2.4% of colonies were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria,respectively.At the genus level,49.4% of all colonies were assigned to Vibrio.Other potential pathogens,including Pseudomonas,Photobacterium,and Enterobacter,and potential probiotics,including Bacillus,Paenibacillus,and Pseudomonas,were also isolated on agar media.Most cultured bacteria belonged to species that were fi rst described in the turbot GI tract.The impact of these species on turbot physiology and health should be investigated further.     

Induction of ectodermal cells from vegetal-endodermal blastomeres of amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtaunese) embryos by the calcium ionophore A23187

Timing of vegetal-endodermal cell determination in amphioxus embryos remains uncertain. We tentatively tested effects of A23187, the calcium ionophore, on the development of vegetal blastomeres isolated at the 16-cell stage. It was found that when vegetal blastomeres committed to endoderm were treated with A23187 prior to gastrulation, they were transformed into ectodermal cells as evidenced by the cell morphology and function characteristic of epidermis. However, the developmental fate of the same blastomeres untreated or treated with DMSO at the same stage or of those treated with A23187 after gastrulation remained unchanged. Thus, vegetal-endodermal cells in amphioxus embryos are not irreversibly determined before the gastrula stage, and artificial increase in intracelluar Ca²⁺ concentration can induce transdetermination of the predetermined endodermal cells into ectodermal cells. Project 39470091 supported by NSFC and partly supported by Shandong Natural Science Foundation, Grant No.93D0140.     

勒氏笛鲷外周血细胞显微结构的观察

报道了勒氏笛鲷外周血细胞的显微结构,血涂片经过Wright染色液染色,可区分出红血细胞、血栓细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞等五种血细胞,没有发现嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞.白血细胞中,血栓细胞体积最小,单核细胞体积最大;血栓细胞数目最多,淋巴细胞和单核细胞数目最少;淋巴细胞有大小两种类型大淋巴细胞和小淋巴细胞.此外,在外周血液中还观察到少量未成熟的红细胞和嗜中性粒细胞,偶而可见正在分裂的红细胞,提示红细胞也可在外周血直接分裂.     

不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼幼鱼血细胞发生的影响

以全鱼粉作为唯一蛋白源(D1),用豆粕替代10%、20%鱼粉(D2、D3),玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉(D4),啤酒酵母替代10%鱼粉(D5),配制5组等氮等能饲料,每种饲料设置3个实验组,进行56 d的养殖实验。通过血液和组织涂(印)片、细胞染色和显微观察,研究人工培育的褐点石斑鱼幼鱼外周血液白细胞的分类组成,头肾、脾脏、体肾和肝脏等4种组织中各类血细胞的发生情况,以及不同蛋白源饲料对褐点石斑鱼血细胞发生的影响。结果表明:褐点石斑鱼外周血液中的白细胞由淋巴细胞(53.30%±4.66%)、血栓细胞(35.69%±3.85%)、嗜中性粒细胞(10.34%±3.14%)、单核细胞(0.28%±0.36%)、浆细胞(0.24%±0.34%)和嗜酸性粒细胞(0.15%±0.27%)组成;组织印迹片中,未成熟的红细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞主要在头肾印迹片中出现,未成熟的单核细胞主要在头肾和脾脏印迹片中出现,血栓细胞在肝脏印迹片中数量最多,推断褐点石斑鱼幼鱼主要的造血组织是头肾,其次是脾脏;在4种组织中均观察到浆细胞,在体肾印迹片中观察到嗜碱性粒细胞,在肝脏印迹片中观察到巨噬细胞,在头肾印迹片中还观察到巨大原红细胞。显微观察和数据统计分析的结果都表明,投喂5种蛋白源不同的配合饲料,未对褐点石斑鱼4种组织中血细胞的发生情况造成显著影响。     

氯铝酸离子液体催化环己酮肟Beckmann重排制己内酰胺

以氯铝酸离子液体作为催化剂和反应介质,通过实验研制一种价格低廉且环保的环己酮肟Beckmann重排制己内酰胺的催化体系.结果表明:环己酮肟转化率和己内酰胺选择性随离子液体酸性的增强而逐渐增大,离子液体中溶解的HCl对环己酮肟Beckmann重排的影响不大;反应温度、反应时间和离子液体用量对环己酮肟Beckmann重排有着较大的影响;确定离子液体Et3NHCl-2AlCl3催化环己酮肟Beckmann重排反应的最佳条件,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为60min,离子液体与环己酮肟摩尔比为1∶1;在该反应条件下,环己酮肟转化率为99.7%,己内酰胺选择性为98.0%,己内酰胺收率为97.8%.     

STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIATION OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR ECOTOXICITY——I. TOXICITY OF Cu, Cd , Pb AND Zn IN SEAWATER TO THREE MARINE ALGAE IN THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT COMPLEXATION AGENTS

Heavy metal is a main pollutant in the marine ecosystem . so study on the effect of heavy metal on phytoplankton is important . Algae (Chaetoceros sp . , Dunaliella sp . ., Dicrateria zhanjiangenis Hu . var . sp .) were laboratory cultured to observe the effect of heavy metals on their growth . The effect of different metal ion concentration , the detoxication effect of complexation agents and the growth of algae in different media and different nutrition levels were studied to evaluate the effect of metal speciation . It is proved that trace amount of heavy metals can stimulate the growth of algae cells but that high concentration is lethal . The sequence of toxicity is Cd2+>Zn2+>Pb2+ . In ordinary nutrition conditions , the detoxication sequence of complexation agents to Chaetoceros sp . is EDTA > sodium salicylate > sodium oxalate > sodium citrate > sulfanilic acid > O-phenanthroline . This is in good conformity with the stability constant sequence of these agents with copper and good evidence that t     

广东省罗非鱼主养区无乳链球菌的分离、鉴定与致病性

从广东省5个罗非鱼主养区患暴发性的罗非鱼中分离到15株菌,挑选其中的5株(不同地域、不同组织分离的菌株)进行人工感染试验,表现出自然发病的症状,确定此5株分离菌为导致罗非鱼暴发病的主要病原。通过形态学观察和生理生化实验,并结合16SrRNA基因序列分析,5株分离菌株均为无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)。5株分离菌在形态学和生理生化实验结果上保持一致,16SrRNA基因序列同源性达98.6%～99.8%,但在致病性和对药物的敏感性上却呈现一定的差异。另外10株分离菌株通过生理生化实验鉴定也为无乳链球菌。研究表明,广东省罗非鱼流行性暴发病的病原菌主要为无乳链球菌。     

LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE OBSERVATIONS ON NEPHROSELMIS GAOAE SP.NOV.(PRASINOPHYCEAE)

Nephroselmis gaoae sp.nov.is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations ofcultured material originally collected and isolated from seawater of Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China.Theperiplasts on the cell body and flagella are covered by five types of scales,two types on the flagella andthree on the body.Among these,the morphology and the number of spines of large stellate body scalesdiffer remarkably from those of previously described species of Nephroselmis.Apart from these,the unusualfine structure of the eyespot(stigma)is very characteristic.As in the other species of Nephroselmis,theeyespot lies immediately under the two-membraned chloroplast envelope;unlike the others,however,it isnot composed of a number of osmiophilic globules,but consists of about 14 curved rod-shapedosmiophilic bodies arranged loosely and randomly.This feature distinguishes the present new species notonly from the other species of Nephroselmis but also from the other motile algal species,the eyespots struc-ture     

山东主要产地沸石岩的重金属阳离子交换性能

本文在概述了山东几处主要产地沸石岩的基本特征之后,着重论述了沸石岩的交换容量和对Pb、Hg、Zn、Cd、Cr等重金属阳离子的交换吸附效果;介质酸度和温度,沸石岩粒度和改型、交换吸附时间和液体流量等因素对重金属阳离子交换吸附效果的影响。讨论了沸石岩脱除水体中重金属阳离子的机制和适宜条件;说明Na型沸石岩对水体中重金属阳离子交换吸附效果良好,应用前景广阔的交换吸附剂。     

分离自桉树枯叶拮抗菌株的鉴定及拮抗性试验

从桉树枯叶中分离到的4株微生物菌株,对好食脉孢霉(Neurospora sitophila)具有拮抗作用。其中ED013、ED018和ED015抑菌圈之间差异不显著,与对照无菌水和多菌灵有极显著性的差异。ED014抑菌圈比前3个菌株效果差,但也与照无菌水和多菌灵有极显著性的差异。根据形态特点及生理生化测定结果鉴定4株菌株属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillusspp.)。