宁夏南部“南北古脊梁”岩溶裂隙水流系统分析

运用构造控水分析、水化学同位素等方法,对宁南“南北古脊梁”岩溶裂隙水系统进行了深入的分析与讨论。该区储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主,岩溶水的空间分布明显受SN向大型断裂构造控制。岩溶地下水以大气降水起源为主,并表现为多元水混合而成。水质分布呈现南优北劣的分带特征,北部水一岩相互作用形式为溶滤一蒸发浓缩型,呈高矿化咸水,南部为溶滤一混合型,呈低矿化淡水。根据水动力场和水化学场特征,划分了3个相对独立的岩溶水子系统。     

平凉南部山区岩溶裂隙水分析

运用构造控水、水化学同位素、地下水动态等方法,对平凉南部岩溶裂隙水进行了深入的分析与讨论。该区储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主,岩溶水的空间分布明显断裂构造控制。裸露岩溶地下水以大气降水起源为主,浅埋型岩溶水多表现为混合水的特征。地下水动态呈现气候型,水岩相互作用形式溶滤-混合型,呈低矿化淡水。根据以上特征,划分了3个相对独立的岩溶水系统。     

陇东盆地西部岩溶地下水形成机制研究

陇东盆地西部处于鄂尔多斯盆地西缘逆冲推覆构造带，新元古-下古生界碳酸盐岩裸露或浅埋，构成-南北向展布的岩溶水富集带。通过运用构造控水分析、水化学同位素等方法，对岩溶裂隙水系统进行了深入的分析与讨论。指出本区岩溶水的空间分布明显受南北向逆冲推覆构造控制，储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主，构造条件是岩溶发育和岩溶水富集的主要制约因素。岩溶水化学特征具有明显的南北差异，在补给条件优越的中南部平凉-华亭地区，水化学主要由含水层岩性及其赋存条件决定。岩溶地下水以大气降水来源为主，对于埋藏型岩溶水表现为多源水混合而成。根据岩溶水的空间分布与水动力场特征及其补径排条件，全区可划分为平凉、华亭和环西3个相对独立的岩溶水系统．并以此可作为水资源评价的基础。这些认识对于深入了解西北干旱-半干旱地区岩溶水赋存及富集规律、形成与演化机理和在该区开发利用岩溶地下水资源具有重要的科学意义。     

宁南深层岩溶地下水系统三维数值模拟

宁南"南北古脊梁"岩溶裂隙水系统的储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主,岩溶水的空间分布明显受南北向大型断裂构造控制。根据水动力场和水化学场特征,划分了 3个相对独立的岩溶水子系统。通过三维数值模拟计算,确定了马渠-洪河岩溶水子系统天然资源量和可开采资源量,为本区的地下水合理开发利用提供了科学依据。     

宁南深层岩溶地下水系统三维数值模拟

宁南“南北古脊梁”岩溶裂隙水系统的储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主,岩溶水的空间分布明显受南北向大型断裂构造控制。根据水动力场和水化学场特征,划分了3个相对独立的岩溶水子系统。通过三维数值模拟计算,确定了马渠—洪河岩溶水子系统天然资源量和可开采资源量,为本区的地下水合理开发利用提供了科学依据。     

安龙—木咋岩溶地下水化学特征研究

安龙-木咱片区为贵州西南重要的经济发展中心,岩溶地下水是区内重要水资源。该区域储水构造岩溶水系统,为封闭系统,含水岩组为三叠系白云岩,含水介质为溶孔、溶隙,地下水分布较均匀。通过对该研究区域岩溶水背景条件、水化学特征,沉积环境、地球化学背景和水文地质条件进行分析,并对其地下水化学特征成因进行探讨。结果表明,岩溶含水介质组合类型以溶孔-溶隙、溶洞-裂隙为主,水化学类型主要为HCO3--Ca2+·Mg2+型。同时以岩溶地下水系统为研究单位,论证了黔西南高原台面的岩溶山区地下水化学具有"平面分块"和"垂向呈层特征"。     

水银洞金矿区茅口组岩溶水水化学特征及指示意义

贵州贞丰水银洞茅口组岩溶水水质分析表明,同属于茅口组岩溶含水层,由于其空间分布的不同,其水化学场也存在较大差异,这与地质构造、地下水的赋存及埋藏条件、地下水的补给、径流、排泄条件等因素的不同有关,由此可作为划分的地下水系统的依据。即使空间分布相同的同一岩溶水系统,随着时间的差异,水化学特征也会发生变化。矿山开采过程中对埋藏型岩溶水水质有较大影响,水化学演化受控于采矿活动及地质构造背景。     

湖南洛塔表层岩溶带水文地质地球化学特征分析

湖南洛塔为西南具有一定代表性的溶丘洼地型岩溶区,本文利用近两年来洛塔水环境监测资料,进行洛塔表层岩溶带的水化学和水温场特征的研究,认为该表层岩溶带的水化学和水温场的特征与气候、生态环境和岩溶含水介质等多种因素明显相关。不同影响因素对表层岩溶水水化学组分的作用有所不同,表层岩溶带岩溶水受气候影响较大,大气降水的降雨强度,直接影响到地下水化学组分含量的大小,总硬度和HCO-3 含量与降雨量呈明显的负相关关系,植被、土壤的覆盖程度与水化学组分含量高低呈正相关性。      

基于Gis分析鱼洞河流域岩溶水水化学特征

为研究贵州省凯里市鱼洞河流域岩溶地下水的水化学特征及影响因素,综合应用Arc-gis、离子相关性及比例系数法对研究区11组水样进行系统分析研究。结果表明,鱼洞河流域地区岩溶地下水的pH值在7.0～8.2之间,岩溶水呈中性或偏碱性;通过采用DTM空间分析和Piper三线图分析的方法对研究区内岩溶地下水化学类型的划分,得出岩溶地下水中水化学类型具有明显的区域差异性,研究区中部的岩溶地下水以HCO₃·SO₄-Ca为主;针对研究区内岩溶地下水的水化学特征进行研究,发现研究区岩溶水主要是以灰岩和白云质灰岩的水-岩作用为主,部分来源于石膏、岩盐、硫酸盐的溶解反应以及来自于外部人为因素的影响。     

山东峄城盆地岩溶发育的基本规律有与水源地形成的关系

山东省枣庄市峄城水源地是个典型的北方埋藏型岩溶水水源地。峄城盆地出露的岩溶地貌有干谷、溶洞、岩溶准平原、溶蚀裂隙、溶沟、溶槽、溶痕等，地下岩溶形态主要为溶洞、溶蚀裂隙和溶孔，岩溶的发育具有层控性、水平分带和垂直分带等特点和规律。该盆地岩溶水系统的含水介质为寒武系、奥陶系的灰岩、白云岩，以溶隙、溶孔为主加少量小型溶洞构成了一个统一的互相连通的地下水空隙网络系统，为地下水的运移、储存提供了通道和空间。岩溶水流在此空隙网络系统内具有渗流性质，流态以层流为主，形成一个基本统一的单斜扇形水动力网，并具有统一的水化学场，该盆地分间接补给、直接补给、汇集排泄和汇集四人输导功能区。并在汇集区形成了具有供水意义的大型岩溶水水源地。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861