冬季西太平洋雅浦海山(Y3)区次表层叶绿素最大值层分布及其对悬浮体粒度的影响

2014年冬季对西太平洋雅浦(Y3)海山区两条相交断面进行水文和悬浮体调查。利用温盐深仪(CTD)和深水型原位激光粒度仪(LISST-Deep)获取调查区各站位水体剖面的温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度以及悬浮体体积浓度和粒度分布数据,对上层(350m以浅)水体的水文和悬浮体调查结果进行分析。结果表明:Y3海山对流经该海区的洋流产生影响,在海山顶部水体中形成具有上凸形态的温、盐跃层,在局部海域形成呈下凹形态的涡旋水文结构;受温、盐跃层的影响和控制,Y3海山上层水体中次表层叶绿素最大值层(SCML)的分布与温、盐跃层的水深范围(约50—160m)相一致,其荧光叶绿素a浓度总体小于1μg/L;Y3海山上层水体的悬浮体总体积浓度在0—120μl/L之间变化,其中悬浮体体积浓度的高值水层集中分布在SCML中,且悬浮体粒度分布存在5个峰值粒级,分别为15.4、68.6、95.5、185和304μm;其中15.4μm粒级的悬浮体体积浓度最低,但其与水层中荧光叶绿素a浓度的相关性最好,反映了水层中微型浮游植物的浓度与荧光叶绿素a浓度关系比较密切;其他4个较大峰值粒级悬浮体可能由小型或中型浮游生物(及其絮凝集合体)等构成,体积浓度较高,对水体叶绿素a浓度的影响很小;Y3海山区东侧Y3-14站的悬浮体组成和分布不同于其他站位,可能有未知的环境因素影响该站位的悬浮体组成和分布。本文研究结果可为进一步开展海山区沉积和生态环境研究提供参考和依据。     

黄东海陆架悬浮体向其东部深海区输送的宏观格局

本文分析了初夏黄、东海毗邻陆架到深海海域所观测到的悬浮体含量分布和水动力要素,结果表明在陆架与深海区之间存在一个与悬浮体一般分布规律不相符的悬浮体含量最低值区.它犹如一道洁净的“水体障壁”横亘在陆架水与深海之间,阻挡着悬浮体含量最高的陆架中、下层水体向深海的输送.不同的海洋要素分析表明,这一道“水障”系由入侵陆架的黑潮爬升水形成,它是影响悬浮体输送的重大动力因素,其强度的季节性变化导致了陆架大部分悬浮体向深海的运移具有“夏贮冬输”的季节性格局.冬季风暴破坏了研究区水体的温盐跃层并影响黑潮爬升水的进退,是影响研究区悬浮体传输的另一重大动力因素.     

东海内陆架泥质区夏季悬浮体的分布特征及影响因素分析

通过对2007年夏季东海内陆架泥质区悬浮体的测定,探讨了该区悬浮体的分布特征及其影响因素,结果表明悬浮体的平面分布特征为近岸远高于远岸,闽江、瓯江等河流的河口位置浓度最大,等值线基本上平行于海岸线;垂向上悬浮体质量浓度随着水深的加大而增加.高值区大多出现在海底地势凸起的位置.研究区悬浮体的分布主要受陆源入海沉积物和东海...     

冲绳海槽中南部及其邻近陆架悬浮体的分布、组成和影响因子分析

初夏冲绳海槽中南部海域悬浮体含量的分布特点为:表层水体中部海区高,南北海区低;中底层水体自南西至北东由低至高.从陆架到海槽断面的悬浮体含量分布为陆架最高值区、陆坡最低值区和海槽低值区.悬浮体组成包括矿物岩石碎屑、生物骨屑以及絮凝体.矿物岩石碎屑主要分布在陆架区中、下层水体,生物骨屑主要分布在海槽区(整个水层)和陆架区上层水体,絮凝体在研究区都有分布.海槽区与陆架区的悬浮体含量垂直分布和组分特征具有明显的差异.研究区悬浮体分布和组成主要受控于黑潮对陆架物质向冲绳海槽输送的阻隔、生物生产量以及地形、地理环境.     

2012 年春季南海南部不同水团上层海水中悬浮体分布特征及其物源分析

为了解南海南部海域不同水团对悬浮体分布特征的影响,于2012年4~5月在南海南部海域的80个测站分层采集了悬浮体水样,并现场测量各站位200 m以浅水体剖面上的悬浮体浓度、粒径、水体浊度、叶绿素a浓度以及温度、盐度等数据。分别选取受中南半岛沿岸混合水、南部陆架水、苏禄海与本地海水的混合水、南沙中央表层水等4个水团影响的多个典型站位数据,分析各水团悬浮体组分和分布特征。结果表明,南海南部海域悬浮体含量很少,浓度较小,均值为2.96μL/L;悬浮体主要组分为生源大颗粒,其粒径多在100μm以上,另有少量无机矿物碎屑,其粒径大部分小于32μm。巽他陆架北缘浅水区受南部陆架水控制,并且受到局地上升流的影响,陆源物质和生源物质含量均较多,导致其悬浮体浓度在4个水团中最高。苏禄海与本地海水混合水中悬浮体分布主要受浮游植物的影响。中南半岛沿岸混合水中悬浮体含较多陆源物质。南沙中央表层水受陆源物质影响很小,悬浮体主要由生源物质组成,且其浓度较小。     

黄、东海毗邻海域悬浮体与水团的对应关系及影响因素

对黄、东海毗邻海域由陆架到深海的悬浮体进行了大量加密取样,获得了较准确的结果。给出了悬浮体含量及其三维分布,确定它们与水团及其边界有良好的对应关系。并从物源、动力和成因等解释了这种对应,提出了水团对悬浮体研究的重要意义。研究表明黑潮次—中层混合爬升水及其混合水形成悬浮体含量最低值区,横亘在陆架与深海之间,形成阻隔含有大部分悬浮体的陆架中、下层水体向深海输送的洁净“水障”,台湾暖流北上的顶托也起类似作用,并分析了影响悬浮体含量的各种因素及有关机制。     

冬季东海典型海域颗粒有机碳的垂直分布

就冬季东海陆架典型海域POC的垂直分布进行了研究。结果表明受黄海沿岸流影响的中陆架砂质区POC和悬浮体含量高,POC的垂直分布表现为从表层到底层逐渐增高;悬浮体含量低的中陆架济州岛西南泥质区和砂质区,POC含量低,其垂直分布比较均匀。POC的垂直分布与海水体中的总悬浮颗粒物浓度、陆源沉积物供应和海洋生物作用密切相关。     

冬、夏季东海北部悬浮体分布及海流对悬浮体输运的阻隔作用

依据1987年6月、1996年12月、1997年2月和1998年7月在东海北部所取得的悬浮体、温度和盐度资料就该区冬季和夏季的悬浮体分布、影响因素和输运进行了研究,结果表明该区悬浮体分布具有明显的季节性变化,在中、外陆架区悬浮体含量冬季明显高于夏季.悬浮体的分布及输运受到东海环流、风暴和潮流等的影响,其中东海环流的季节性变化是主要影响因素.受台湾暖流的阻隔,冬季和夏季长江入海泥沙在东海基本不能越过124°00'E以东海域.黄海沿岸流携带着老黄河口水下三角洲的再悬浮沉积物向陆架东南扩散,其搬运的量和在中、外陆架区的扩散范围冬季显著大于夏季.在黄海暖流的阻隔下,陆架悬浮体冬季和夏季在32°N断面很少能扩散至126°30'E以东海域.台湾暖流和黑潮爬升水的阻隔作用使得冬季和夏季陆架悬浮体在P-N断面也基本不能扩散至陆架边缘.冬季在东海北部可有部分陆架悬浮体输送到冲绳海槽,但有区域性,其输送的可能位置是在P-N断面以北、32°N断面以南之黄海沿岸流向东南延伸的陆架边缘;夏季陆架悬浮体基本滞留在陆架区.     

夏季北黄海不同性质悬浮体分布特征及其控制因素分析

为了探讨夏季不同性质悬浮体在研究区的分布特征及其控制因素,于2016年6—7月在北黄海使用LISST-100X(C)型激光粒度仪和CTD测量了悬浮体浓度和水体温度、浊度、荧光叶绿素浓度数据。结合现场水文数据对不同粒径悬浮体的分布规律进行分析。结果表明,夏季研究区悬浮体含有大量以生源颗粒为主的粗颗粒(128μm),其浓度在下层水体较低,在远岸层结水体的温跃层附近最高。粒径128μm的细颗粒浓度与浊度分布趋势一致,主要反映陆源无机颗粒的变化。其浓度整体呈近岸高远岸低、下层高上层低的分布特征;在成山头近岸海域最高,并且在鲁北沿岸浅水与远岸深水之间存在浓度锋。潮混合作用和温跃层是影响悬浮体浓度空间分布的主要控制因素。潮混合作用促使鲁北沿岸出现陆架温度锋,阻碍沿岸细颗粒物质向海输运;成山头近岸较强的潮混合作用导致当地沉积物再悬浮,使该区域细颗粒浓度最高。温跃层不仅阻碍了下层细颗粒物质向上扩散,还对上层沉降下来的颗粒有"累积"作用。此外,跃层附近丰富的浮游植物对粗颗粒浓度高值区的形成有促进作用。     

海南近海海域浊度与悬浮颗粒物粒径的分布特征

利用2005年8-9月在海南西部近海海域底质调查获得的水体浊度、悬浮颗粒物粒径的数据和资料,探讨了该区浊度和悬浮颗粒物粒径的分布规律,结果表明:(1)研究区表层水体浊度与悬浮颗粒物的总体积浓度由岸向外海方向逐渐减小,底部水体浊度与悬浮颗粒物的体积浓度高值区呈斑状分布;(2)研究区的水体浊度和悬浮颗粒物体积浓度随着水深增大而增大,部分调查站位出现异常现象;(3)研究区表层和底部水体浊度与悬浮颗粒物各粒级的体积浓度相关性较好,相关系数在0.85以上。     

Pathways of clay mineral transport in the coastal zone of the Brazilian continental shelf from Ceará to the mouth of the Amazon River

The transport pathways of fine sediments (fraction <2 μm) along the Brazilian continental shelf from Ceará to the Amazon River mouth were studied by means of clay mineral analyses. On the continental shelf southeast of the Amazon mouth, fluctuations in clay mineral compositions reflect simple mixing between the suspended load of the North Brazil Current and sediment from several smaller rivers. Previously, clay mineral variations west of the Amazon mouth have been explained by variable settling velocities of different grain-size classes within the <2 μm fraction or by selective coagulation of individual clay mineral groups. By contrast, our experiments with river bank samples show that selective coagulation does not occur in Amazon River sediments. A more appropriate explanation for observed variations in clay mineral composition off the Amazon mouth seems to be, similarly to that for the shelf between Ceará and the Amazon mouth, a mixing of Amazon sediments with suspended material of the North Brazil Current. This interpretation is supported by data on clay mineral composition east and south of the Amazon mouth, showing more affinity to sediments of the North Brazil Current than to the suspended load of the Amazon River. Additionally, relatively low sedimentation rates and low concentrations of fine-grained sediments on the shelf suggest that high riverine input by the Amazon River does not overprint the sediments of the North Brazil Current in this region. The strong North Brazil Current shunts the Amazon suspended load in a north-westerly direction along the north-eastern coast of South America. Hence, stronger sedimentation of Amazon sediments would occur only west of the river mouth.     

尼日利亚南部大陆边缘重力场特征及解释

利用中国-尼日利亚国际合作航次获得的船载重力数据,分析了尼日利亚南部大陆边缘的自由空间重力异常和布格重力异常特征,并通过两条从陆架—陆坡—陆隆一直延伸到深海盆地的重力剖面拟合出地壳密度结构。研究结果表明,地壳厚度总体上从陆架、陆坡至深海平原呈现阶梯状减薄的趋势,东侧的减薄幅度大于西侧,东侧从24 km减小到10 km,西侧从21 km减小到14 km。     

The distribution of suspended particles in the Southern Beaufort Sea

The Mackenzie River estuary serves as an avenue for suspended particles to pass seaward. The horizontal distribution of surface suspended particles is compartible with the distribution of low-salinity surface waters. The water structure in the shelf area is highly stratified in summer due to a thin upper layer of low-salinity which has a high concentration of suspended particles. The concentration of suspended particles decreases with depth, but near the bottom a turbid layer had often been observed. It is likely that bottom current energy high enough to erode and maintain in suspension the bottom sediments below 15m in diameter does occur over this shelf area.     

海南岛近海海域7个沉积岩芯的现代沉积速率及其分布特征

利用多道α能谱仪,对2005年8～9月在海南岛近海采集的7个沉积岩芯进行了210Pb的沉积速率测定,探讨了海南岛近海陆架上现代沉积速率的区域性分布特征,结果表明:位于港湾内的B1168站位由于沉积物供应充足,有最高的沉积速率,达2.9 cm/a;位于河口海湾附近且受沿岸流影响的B289站位,有很高的沉积速率,可达1.6 cm/a,沉积环境较稳定;位于西南海底沙脊区北缘且靠近昌化江河口的B97、B135、B10站位也有较高沉积速率,分别达到1.0、0.89和0.47 cm/a,在表层都出现了210Pb放射性活度倒置的现象,表明所处区域有较强混合作用;处于西南外陆架的C4站位受北部湾环流影响,沉积速率为0.6 cm/a;位于东部外陆架的B377站位处于上升流区,沉积速率较低,为0.21 cm/a.可见,海南岛近海陆架上的现代沉积速率存在着明显的区域分布:在物质来源丰富的沿岸流作用区和河口区附近,现代沉积速率很高;在陆架环流沉积作用区,现代沉积速率也较高;在水深较大的外陆架上,由于沉积物供应相对匮乏,沉积速率一般较低;在近岸潮流沙脊区,由于水动力很强,无法形成现代细粒沉积.同时,在陆架上,沉积速率有随着水深的增加而降低的趋势.由此可见,海南岛近海海域的沉积速率与该区的物质供应、水动力条件和海底地形等因素有密切关系.     

Possibility of Large Deposits of Gas Hydrates in Deeper Waters of India

The available geological and thermodynamic data, essential for the formation and accumulation of gas hydrates, have been integrated and broadly interpreted for the deeper waters of India. The preliminary studies indicate that, in all probability, vast gas hydrate resources exist in the shallow sediments under deep waters. The area of the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, off the coast of India and Andaman Islands, have accumulated thick sediments, over 22 and 10 km, respec tively, during collision of the Indian Plate with the Tibetan Plate. Bottom Simulating Reflectors (BSRs), indicating the likely presence of gas hydrates, have been observed from multichannel and single-channel seismic reflec tion data west of the Andaman Islands and Kerala-Konkan offshore. The Indian continental shelf, slope, and rise areas have, at places, shown the presence of gas-charged sediments and gas seeps through faults. There are commercial oil and gas fields in the shallow waters of both the east and west coasts of India. These are indicative of generation of both biogenic as well as thermogenic gases in the offshore areas of India. For the first time, an attempt has been made to estimate in-place gas hydrate resources under deep waters of India beyond 600 m water depth to the legal continental shelf boundary, and to the Andaman Islands. The gas hydrate resources appear to be vast, and require extensive exploratory efforts for their precise mapping and quantitative assessment.     

Input of river-derived sediment to the New Zealand continental shelf: I. Mass

The input of river-borne sediments to the New Zealand continental shelf has been calculated for all the major rivers and basins in New Zealand. South Island yields 284 ± 40 × 10⁶ tonnes per year of sediment from a land area of 152 977 km² and North Island yields 105 ± 9·4 × 10⁶ tonnes per year from a land area of 114 621 km². Particularly high discharges are noted off the west coast of South Island and east coast of North Island and result in higher offshore sedimentation there. The data are compatible with measured sedimentation rates on the New Zealand continental shelf. The specific sediment yield from South Island is amongst the highest previously recorded.     

夏季浙江沿岸陆架区泥沙输运机制

基于2014年夏季浙江沿岸陆架区的水文、泥沙、底质沉积物等实测资料,运用物质通量分析方法和Gao-Collins粒径趋势分析法,探讨了泥沙的输运通量、输运方向、动力机制及净输运趋势。夏季,近岸含沙量规律性较强,由西至东逐渐降低,由南至北逐渐升高,且与潮流有非常好的对应关系,呈现出明显的潮周期变化特征。研究区净悬沙通量自岸向外海迅速变小,悬沙输运中平流输运占主导地位,其次是垂向净环流对悬沙输运的影响,近岸海域表现为向海输沙,30 m以深海域表现为东北向输沙,同时台湾暖流的屏障作用也影响了悬沙向海扩散。粒径趋势分析显示浙江沿岸陆架表层沉积物的长期输运机制为由东北向西南输运,在流系以及海底地形的影响下,中部海域出现粒径趋势较弱的沉积中心。而在夏季,悬浮泥沙主要为平行岸线向东北输运,估算每天进入研究海域的净悬浮泥沙约为1.9×106 t。     

Response of a two-layer ocean to typhoon passage in the western boundary region

Effect of the typhoon passage on the western boundary region of a two-layer ocean with bottom topography is studied. The ocean is initially at rest and is set in motion by a typhoon passing parallel to the west coast. Equations that represent barotropic and baroclinic modes of motions are solved numerically by means of the method of finite differences. Motions of the barotropic mode are assumed to be horizontally non-divergent. In this mode, an elongated vortex is produced by the typhoon and propagates toward the south after passage of the typhoon. Behavior of the vortex may be interpreted as continental shelf waves. It is found that the formation and propagation of continental shelf waves are hardly affected by the density stratification. As for the baroclinic response, the typhoon causes considerable interface displacements along its track. The interface displacements are associated with geostrophic motions and remain for long time, though they are formed on the continental slope. Besides the large scale baroclinic response, internal Kelvin waves are induced along the artificial east wall.     

台湾北部海域黑潮与中尺度涡旋研究进展

The kuroshio,originating from the sea southeast of Taiwan andeast of bashi channel,is the western boundary current of the pacific and has the characterisics of strong flows,high temperature and high salinity.mesoscale eddies have strong kinetie energy with a vertical extent of 100m and a horizontal magnitude of 100km. the submarine topography northeast of Taiwan has complicated strucrures.the continental shelf region shallower than 200m occupies the western and middle part of the east china sea(ecs).in the southeastern ECS lies the deep okinawa trough,in which the main depth can reach more than 1000m.it is the geomorphological separatrix between the continental shelf and the ryukyu islands,. the kuroshio enters the ECS along the east coast of taiwen,flows northeastward along the shelf slope,and hence intrudes across the shelf break.in this paper,our concern is the interaction between the kuroshio in ECS and the taiwan strait waters on the continental shelf. meanwhile the mesoscale eddies in the north of Taiwan is another attention point.