低速冲击下高强钢绞线网-高性能砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁试验研究

研究了高强钢绞线网-高性能砂浆加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗低速冲击性能,利用落锤冲击试验法对4根简支钢筋混凝土梁进行对比试验研究,其中1根为普通梁,3根为加固梁,通过分析加固前后梁的破坏形态,结合挠度变化、钢筋的应变以及加速度的时程曲线,对比得到了钢筋混凝土梁加固后的抗冲击性能。研究结果表明：加固后钢筋混凝土梁的抗冲击能力显著提高,钢绞线和砂浆作为外加层,不仅增加了梁的抗弯剪能力和刚度,提高了结构的耗能能力,而且限制了裂缝的发展,使梁的整体性和延性更好;在相同冲击作用下,钢绞线直径的增加能适当提高结构的抗冲击性能。     

带弹簧支撑的新型泥石流拦挡坝抗冲击性能研究

为了解决普通重力式泥石流拦挡坝在大规模泥石流发生时容易被大块石损毁的问题,提出带弹簧支撑的新型泥石流拦挡坝,并采用钢球代替泥石流中的大块石,运用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对这种新型坝体进行泥石流大块石的冲击模拟,从坝体的变形、支反力、Von Mises应力、加速度和应变率5个方面与普通重力式拦挡坝进行对比分析。结果表明：与普通泥石流拦挡坝相比,带弹簧支撑的新型泥石流拦挡坝的支反力可减小3/4左右,钢球的冲击加速度可降到1/3.87,坝体的响应加速度可降到1/2.61,说明带弹簧支撑的新型泥石流拦挡坝具有非常好的抗冲击性能。     

钢管超高性能RPC短柱的轴压特性研究

本文用试验研究了钢管超高强混凝土RPC(后称钢管RPC)短柱在轴压荷载作用下的性能,从分析RPC与普通混凝土和高强混凝土性能上的差异着手,探讨了钢管RPC在轴压作用下的受力变形机理与破坏特点。基于对试验结果和相关文献资料的综合分析,得到了计算钢管RPC承载力的经验公式,并与相关现行规程的计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,国内现行的一些钢管混凝土设计规程不适用于计算钢管RPC的承载力。     

高应变率下再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土受压破坏细观数值模拟

再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土作为一种绿色的新型混凝土材料,具有低弹性模量、大变形、高阻尼、能量耗散多及抗裂性能好等特点,引起了国内外土木工程界特别是混凝土界的广泛关注和研究。然而,目前该领域所进行的研究多为再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土的动力特性及其在静载作用下破坏规律;而对动力荷载作用下再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土动态响应及破坏的相关研究则很少涉及。在高应变率下,再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土是否仍然保有其大变形、高能量耗散和良好的抗裂性能的优点,是否具有卓越的抗爆炸抗冲击性能,成为该领域一个很有意义的科学问题。本文利用有限元显式动力分析软件建立了包含水泥砂浆、粗骨料两相的普通混凝土随机细观模型,以及包含水泥砂浆、粗骨料、橡胶颗粒三相的再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土随机细观模型,通过在静力荷载作用下普通混凝土和再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土的破坏分析和比较,验证了建立的混凝土随机细观模型的合理性。在此基础上,研究了再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土在冲击荷载作用下受压破坏的破坏规律,通过与普通混凝土的比较,揭示了再生橡胶颗粒改性混凝土在高应变率下的受压破坏的特点,为其进一步应用于建筑结构的抗爆抗冲击提供理论基础和技术支持。     

冲击荷载对埋地管道影响的试验与数值模拟研究

为了研究冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的动力响应,自制管道及土箱缩尺模型,开展埋地管道落锤冲击试验,并建立管道冲击模型对冲击荷载作用下埋地管道的动力响应过程进行数值模拟分析,探讨管道距振源水平距离、冲击能量以及管道埋深等参数对埋地管道动力响应的影响。试验测量得到管道纵向和环向的应变分布特性,同时对比冲击荷载作用下埋地管道数值模拟所得的结果与试验结果,二者较为吻合。研究结果表明：在冲击荷载作用下,管道受土压力的影响随管道距振源水平距离的增加而减小,并且管道受影响最大的位置因距振源水平距离的增加而发生偏移;随着冲击能量的增加,管道距离冲击中心点较近区域受到的影响随之明显增大,管道两端距离冲击中心点较远的区域受到的影响较小;管道覆土深度增加,土体缓冲作用随之增强,管道的应变峰值明显减小。研究结论可为埋地管道抗冲击设计规范制订、管道敷设及管道维护提供参考。     

预制空心板受火后力学性能的试验研究

为比较不同受火时间后预制空心板剩余承载力、跨中挠度和破坏形态的异同,进行了6块预制空心板受火后力学性能的对比试验研究,其中3块为未受火的对比试件,另3块为板底分别受火23、38、53min的试件。受火试验结果表明,各试件在升温过程中的跨中挠度随受火时间增加而显著增加,熄火自然冷却后,跨中挠度大部分可恢复。加载试验结果表明,对比试件和受火试件的最终破坏模式均为弯曲破坏;随着受火时间延长,试件开裂荷载和破坏荷载均有所降低,且破坏荷载与受火时间大致呈线性关系;受火试件初始弯曲刚度较对比试件明显降低,相同荷载作用下,受火试件受拉边缘拉应变和受压边缘压应变,均明显大于对比试件。     

山区乡村房屋模型洪水冲击试验研究

洪水对山区乡村房屋冲击作用的试验研究成果,可为山区乡村房屋的抗洪设计和抗洪能力评价提供依据。试验主要研究到溃口不同距离处的乡村房屋所受的洪水冲击作用。采用3种开洞率模型进行试验,研究洪水在不同距离、不同开洞率的情况下对房屋结构的冲击荷载分布、冲击力大小以及冲击弯矩的影响,得出了荷载分布规律和冲击力、冲击弯矩的变化规律。研究结果表明,迎水面冲击荷载沿水平方向的变化无明显规律,沿竖直方向随着高度的增大而逐渐减小;冲击力随着房屋到溃口距离的增大而增大,而开洞率对其影响不明显;冲击弯矩、冲击作用力随着距离的增大而增大,随着开洞率的增大而减小。     

板钉连接CFST柱-RC梁节点梁端塑性铰区受力性能数值模拟

建立竖板-栓钉连接钢管混凝土（CFST）柱-钢筋混凝土（RC）梁节点试件（SSJD）拟静力加载试验有限元模型,并在节点损伤情况、梁端荷载-位移曲线等数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好的基础上,进一步开展了RC梁混凝土强度、配筋率ρ_s和连接竖板长度L_b及界面连接情况等对CFST柱-RC梁节点梁端塑性铰区域力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,RC梁混凝土强度对试件SSJD塑性铰区域受力性能的影响较小;适筋范围内RC梁配筋率增加可适当提高试件SSJD承载力和延性;随着连接竖板长度的增加,梁端塑性铰区域外移,梁破坏荷载增大;本研究给出的RC梁与CFST柱之间的界面抗剪承载力模拟值与计算值吻合较好,可用于界面抗剪设计。     

不同轴压比带楼板RCS梁柱组合件恢复力模型

基于6个1/2模型的端板-螺栓连接RCS组合结构带楼板梁柱组合件的拟静力试验,研究在不同轴压比下RCS组合件的滞回性能.通过对试件破坏过程及应力-应变曲线的分析,建立符合RCS组合结构梁柱组合件的恢复力模型.研究结果表明:6个试件最终破坏模式均为梁铰破坏,混凝土板破坏严重,混凝土柱仅在柱端出现轻微裂缝.文中提出了RCS...     

不同再生骨料掺量的中高剪力墙振动台试验研究

为了研究再生混凝土剪力墙的动力性能,进行了3个1/3缩尺的不同再生骨料取代率的中高剪力墙模型的模拟地震振动台试验,其中1个为普通混凝土剪力墙、1个为再生粗骨料混凝土剪力墙、1个为全再生骨料混凝土剪力墙。试验过程经历了剪力墙弹性、开裂和破坏阶段,实测并比较分析了各剪力墙在不同阶段的动力特性、动力反应及破坏形态。试验结果表明:再生粗骨料混凝土中高剪力墙具有和普通混凝土剪力墙相近的抗震性能,其墙体开裂时台面加速度输入降低9.7%,其弹塑性位移角达到1/120时台面加速度输入降低5.8%,经合理设计,可用于建筑结构。     

Study of damage to a high concrete dam subjected to underwater shock waves

To study the effect of a strong underwater shock wave on a concrete dam, this research aims to improve hammer impact methods in model tests. Six 1:200 scale models were designed and tested under distributed impact loads. A device was deployed for a direct measurement of the impact force at the upstream face of the dams. The model dam bases were anchored to prevent displacement. The experimental results indicate that the top part of the concrete dam is a weak zone, and the impact failure initiates with a fracture on the top of the dam. The peak value of impact stress increases when the second crack appears in the concrete dam from the upstream face to the downstream face. And, the level of the second crack in the dam body is lower as the peak value of impact stress increases. In this study, dynamic analysis was conducted by calculating the results to verify the effectiveness of a device to directly measure the impact force. This method may be used to approximately forecast the damage of concrete dam and may also be useful in other engineering applications.     

Three‐dimensional beam‐truss model for reinforced concrete walls and slabs – part 1: modeling approach,validation, and parametric study for individual reinforced concrete walls

A three‐dimensional beam‐truss model for reinforced concrete (RC) walls developed by the first two authors in a previous study is modified to better represent the flexure–shear interaction and more accurately capture diagonal shear failures under static cyclic or dynamic loading. The modifications pertain to the element formulations and the determination of the inclination angle of the diagonal elements. The modified beam‐truss model is validated using the experimental test data of eight RC walls subjected to static cyclic loading, including two non‐planar RC walls under multiaxial cyclic loading. Five of the walls considered experienced diagonal shear failure after reaching their flexural strength, while the other three walls had a flexure‐dominated response. The numerically computed lateral force–lateral displacement and strain contours are compared with the experimentally recorded response and damage patterns for the walls. The effects of different model parameters on the computed results are examined by means of parametric analyses. Extension of the model to simulate RC slabs and coupled RC walls is presented in a companion paper. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shaking table tests and numerical analyses of an RC coupled wall structure with replaceable coupling beams

The replaceable coupling beam (RCB) is an innovative structural component developed to increase the seismic resilience of reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structures. In this study, two 1/5‐scale 5‐story 3‐dimensional RC shear wall structures—one with conventional RC coupling beams and the other with RCBs—were designed, constructed, and tested on a shaking table. The failure pattern, dynamic properties, and structural responses, including the acceleration, displacement, story force, and strain responses, of the 2 structures are compared under earthquake excitations. The test results demonstrate that the seismic performance of the structure with RCBs was improved when RCBs were working compared with the structure with conventional RC coupling beams. In addition, the replaceable devices suffering the severe damage during an earthquake can be conveniently replaced after the earthquake. However, after the sudden failure of RCBs during the severe earthquakes, the inter‐story drift and floor acceleration of the structure with RCBs became larger. The design and manufacture quality of RCBs should be improved to avoid the sudden failure. Then, numerical models for the test structures were established using the commercial software PERFORM‐3D. Numerical simulations of the tests were conducted. The simulation results correspond well with the experimental results, thus verifying the accuracy of the numerical models. The RC shear wall structure installed with RCBs can be applied as a new type of earthquake‐resilient structure in engineering practice.     

采用非线性纤维梁单元法的钢管混凝土组合框架动力响应分析

钢管混凝土结构已经广泛应用于我国高层和超高层建筑中,为研究该类结构的抗震性能,分别采用分离模量法和统一模量法对某13层钢管混凝土框架结构进行抗震性能分析,研究不同地震波作用下组合框架的模态和多遇地震下的弹性动力时程,对比组合框架顶点位移反应、加速度反应、层间侧移及动力放大系数等。研究结果表明,分离模量法和统一模量法建模方法在分析钢管混凝土框架抗震动力特性上总体相差不大,但前者可以考虑材料弹塑性,从而对结构弹塑性进行分析,而后者在弹塑性阶段需要用全曲线表达式,尚需进一步的研究。     

Three‐dimensional beam–truss model for reinforced concrete walls and slabs – part 2: modeling approach and validation for slabs and coupled walls

A three‐dimensional beam–truss model (BTM) for reinforced concrete (RC) walls that explicitly models flexure–shear interaction and accurately captures diagonal shear failures was presented in the first part of this two‐paper series. This paper extends the BTM to simulate RC slabs and coupled RC walls through slabs and beams. The inclination angle of the diagonal elements for coupled RC walls is determined, accounting for the geometry of the walls and the level of coupling. Two case studies validate the model: (1) a two‐bay slab–column specimen experimentally tested using cyclic static loading and (2) a five‐story coupled T‐wall–beam–slab specimen subjected to biaxial shake table excitation. The numerically computed lateral force–lateral displacement and strain contours are compared with the experimentally measured response and observed damage. The five‐story specimen is characterized by diagonal shear failure at the bottom story of the walls, which is captured by the BTM. The BTM of the five‐story specimen is used to study the effects of coupling on shear demand for lightly reinforced RC coupled walls. The effect of mesh refinement and bar fracture of non‐ductile transverse reinforcement is studied. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental assessment of dynamic lateral resistance of railway concrete sleeper

The single tie (sleeper) push test (STPT) is a common method to evaluate the lateral resistance of a railway track sleeper. This methodology evaluates the lateral resistance phenomenon in a static manner despite the fact that the majority of the exerted loads on a railway track have a dynamic nature. For this reason, a mass–spring–damper numerical model was created to investigate the dynamic lateral interaction between an isolated sleeper and ballast layer in the presence of various lateral impact loads. On the basis of the model outputs, a pendulum loading test device (PLTD) was designed and developed in the laboratory. In this regard, a cylindrical hammer with modifiable mass and triggering angle was installed on a steel frame for imposing lateral impact load on an instrumented concrete sleeper. The graphs of the sleeper–ballast interaction force versus the sleeper lateral displacement were extracted for different masses and triggering angles of the hammer. Considering a same condition for sleeper, the maximum value of this interaction force was called the dynamic lateral resistance (DLR) and static lateral resistance (SLR) respect to the dynamic and static states of lateral loading. Comparing the values of the sleeper DLRs and SLR indicated that unlike the constant SLR of 6.5 kN, the DLR was in the range 2–10.2 kN in the impact load domain of 3–40 kN. However, as a key finding, the average slopes of the DLR and SLR graphs were equivalent in the dynamic and static tests.     

Shake-table testing of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete frame with shear walls

The seismic performance of a self-centering precast reinforced concrete (RC) frame with shear walls was investigated in this paper. The lateral force resistance was provided by self-centering precast RC shear walls (SPCW), which utilize a combination of unbonded prestressed post-tensioned (PT) tendons and mild steel reinforcing bars for flexural resistance across base joints. The structures concentrated deformations at the bottom joints and the unbonded PT tendons provided the self-centering restoring force. A 1/3-scale model of a five-story self-centering RC frame with shear walls was designed and tested on a shake-table under a series of bi-directional earthquake excitations with increasing intensity. The acceleration response, roof displacement, inter-story drifts, residual drifts, shear force ratios, hysteresis curves, and local behaviour of the test specimen were analysed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that seismic performance of the test specimen was satisfactory in the plane of the shear wall; however, the structure sustained inter-story drift levels up to 2.45%. Negligible residual drifts were recorded after all applied earthquake excitations. Based on the shake-table test results, it is feasible to apply and popularize a self-centering precast RC frame with shear walls as a structural system in seismic regions.     

A new method of testing pile using dynamic P-S-curve made by amplitude of wave train

Introduction To the impact pattern, the dynamic test with high strain is generally grouped into two kinds.One is stricken by hammer and another is by rocket. The former is widely used and the latter isused widely abroad and seldom used at home. To the analyzing method, it is also divided into twokinds. One is the method of wave equation and another is the method of experimental formula.The methods of Smith, Case and Capwap and other improved methods belong to the former, andthe methods …     

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA的新型带支撑泥石流拦挡坝抗冲击性能研究

以显示动力学和接触碰撞理论为基础,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序,对常规的泥石流重力拦挡坝和带支撑的新型拦挡坝进行了单个球体撞击下的多参数数值模拟计算及对比分析。结果表明：无论有无支撑,混凝土坝身的破坏模式均为由撞击区域应力骤增导致的局部混凝土压碎,但支撑使坝身迎击面应力分布均匀,提高了材料利用率;支撑能够显著减小混凝土坝顶动位移,最大减幅在30%以上,甚至可达近65%,坝身刚度得到大幅度提高;当撞击高度一定时,支撑间距越小,混凝土坝顶动位移越小;若设置了支撑,则可适当减小混凝土坝身厚度,其减小比例以1/3为宜;撞击力主要由混凝土坝身承担,其刚度显著大于支撑总刚度;撞击高度越高或者支撑间距越小,则混凝土坝底支反力所占比重相对越低,支撑的加强作用也就越显著。