贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床稀土元素地球化学及生物成矿基本特征

对贵州织金新华含稀土磷矿床进行的稀土元素及微量元素分析结果表明，磷块岩中普遍富集稀土元素，稀土总量∑REE较高，并富集Y元素及La，Nd等轻稀土元素。LREE／HREE比值较高。含稀土磷块岩普遍具Ce负异常，显示其对源区的继承性。指示成磷环境处于氧化程度相对较高状态。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式曲线、北美页岩标准化模式曲线、Ce元素异常、LREE／HREE比值、微量元素特征及岩石矿物特征表明，织金新华含稀土磷矿床具以正常海相生物-化学沉积等为主伴有海相热水沉积混合成因的特征。在磷矿成矿过程中沉积物沉积时，活体生物及死亡残骸不同程度地摄取和富集了La，Nd，Ce等稀土元素、Y元素及其他微量元素，沉积在含磷层位，构成大量的含稀土、含生物碎屑白云质磷块岩。     

贵州织金磷块岩型稀土矿含矿岩系REE地球化学特征与稀土富集

贵州织金下寒武统戈仲武组(?1gz)磷矿富集大量稀土,但是磷块岩中REE富集机制问题尚不清楚。本文对贵州织金不同稀土含量区间(262×10~(-6)、262×10~(-6)～527×10~(-6)、527×10~(-6)～761×10~(-6)、761×10~(-6))的磷块岩的研究表明,磷块岩的稀土配分均显示出Ce负异常、Eu无明显异常、MREE富集以及富集重稀土元素Y的特征。(La/Sm)N-δCe及δPr-δCe图解显示织金磷块岩Ce异常为真实的Ce异常,代表磷块岩形成在氧化环境。但当时海水的氧化环境并不是控制MREE富集的决定因素。(La/Sm)N-SmN、(Gd/Yb)N-YbN散点图显示MREE富集是稀土在富集过程中稀土发生分异的结果。(Dy/Sm)N-δEu散点图以及Eu无明显异常说明织金磷块岩形成过程中可能无热水作用的参与。地史时期"老磷块岩"普遍存在重稀土亏损的特征。     

贵州平坝白云岩风化壳稀土超常富集层中稀土赋存状态的研究

以平坝白云岩风化壳剖面为例,主要利用化学连续提取的方法,结合透射电镜的分析,对碳酸盐岩风化壳岩-土界面附近的稀土超常富集层中REE的赋存状态进行了研究,获得了REE在水溶态及可交换态(相态Ⅰ)、碳酸盐结合态及专性吸附态(相态Ⅱ)、非晶质氧化铁锰结合态(相态Ⅲ)、晶质氧化铁锰结合态(相态Ⅳ)、有机质及硫化物结合态(相态Ⅴ)和残渣态(相态Ⅵ)等6种相态的含量及变化规律.结果表明,REE在富集层中主要以专性吸附态、残渣态和有机态为主.风化前缘可溶态稀土所占比例较高,为稀土在风化壳中的迁移、转化提供可能;基岩中原生含磷稀土矿物的风化产生的稀土磷酸盐矿物的聚集导致了残渣态稀土大量存在于风化前缘;此外,由于风化淋溶的不断进行,可溶态的REE在高的pH值条件与剖面中的有机质、铁锰氧化物和粘土矿物共同作用下沉淀、富集,也导致了风化前缘稀土的超常富集.     

四川冕宁木落寨稀土矿床稀土矿化与围岩特征

木落寨矿床是冕宁—德昌稀土元素(REE)矿带内的主要稀土矿床,位于矿带北段,雅砻江断裂以西。该稀土矿床的形成与正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体密切相关。与冕宁—德昌REE矿带中其它矿床例如牦牛坪、大陆槽矿床不同的是,牦牛坪和大陆槽矿床的围岩主要是石英闪长岩,而木落寨REE矿床中围岩较复杂,主要有大理岩、绿片岩、碱性花岗岩等。已有研究表明石英闪长岩并不是牦牛坪和大陆槽矿床稀土元素的主要来源,对木落寨矿床来说,围岩对成矿的作用还需进一步研究。采用ICP-MS与XRF,对大理岩和绿片岩这两种主要的围岩进行主微量元素分析,全岩稀土配分曲线显示轻稀土亏损(大理岩3×10~(–6)~20×10~(–6),绿片岩62×10~(–6)~74×10~(–6)),重稀土平坦,总稀土含量低(大理岩4×10~(–6)~21×10~(–6),绿片岩86×10~(–6)~97×10~(–6)),与本次研究的木落寨正长岩中稀土含量(592×10~(–6)~2 026×10~(–6))和以往研究的冕宁—德昌成矿带其他三个矿床的碳酸岩-正长岩杂岩体中稀土含量(碳酸岩2 470×10~(–6)~40 807×10~(–6),正长岩630×10~(–6)~3 233×10~(–6))相比,大理岩和绿片岩中稀土元素含量过低,显示在稀土物质来源上,这两种围岩可能对成矿贡献不大,根据剖面展示,矿体大部分出现在正长岩裂隙中,极少部分出现在正长岩和大理岩接触面中,大理岩可能提供碳酸根离子,促进交代和成矿作用的进行。木落寨矿石类型主要是细脉浸染型,少量为条带型。通过手标本、镜下和BSE图像观察,脉石矿物主要有萤石+方解石+重晶石+石膏+黄铁矿+方铅矿+石英+金云母等,矿石矿物为氟碳铈矿,氟碳铈矿叠加在已形成的脉石矿物之上,显示矿床主要形成于热液阶段最晚期。     

广西某地花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素特征与iREE矿床成矿机制

为了解风化壳中离子交换相稀土元素的特征,对广西某地花岗岩风化壳剖面样品进行了X射线衍射及主量、稀土元素地球化学特征的研究.剖面自上而下可划分为腐殖土层(A₁)、亚粘土层(A₂)、网纹状风化层(B₁)和全风化层(B₂);自A₁至B₂,粘土矿物的含量和化学风化蚀变指数快速降低;与母岩相比A₁、A₂、B₁中全相Ce、Nd和HREE相对富集,B₂中全相稀土与母岩特征相似,所有样品的离子交换相HREE亏损,Y相对富集;离子交换相轻、重稀土一起富集在B₂中.据此推测,花岗岩中褐帘石、榍石等易风化的稀土矿物为离子交换相稀土提供了主要的物源,锆石、磷钇矿等难风化的稀土矿物的残留及表生稀土矿物的形成使全相HREE相对富集;离子交换相轻、重稀土元素的分馏程度随风化程度的增加而变化.      

A model for carbonatite hosted REE mineralisation — the Mianning–Dechang REE belt,Western Sichuan Province,China

The Mianning–Dechang (MD) REE belt of Sichuan, China is one of the most important REE belt in China, which includes Maoniuping, the third largest REE deposit in the world and a series of large to small REE deposits. Mineralization styles varied across the belt, as well as within different parts of the same deposit. Styles include vein-stockworks, pegmatites, breccias and disseminated REE mineralization. Based on geological, geochemical and inclusion studies, this paper proposes a new model for carbonatite hosted REE mineralization. The results show that ore-forming fluid is derived from carbonatite magma, which has high temperature, pressure and density, and is characterized by high K, Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, REE and SO₄ contents. The supercritical ore fluid underwent a distinctive evolution path including phase separation, exolution of sulfate melt and unmixing between aqueous fluid and liquid CO₂. Rapid geochemical evolution of a dense carbonatite fluid causes REE mineralization and associated alteration to occur within or proximal to the source carbonatite. Veins, pegmatites and carbonatite comprise a continuum of mineralization styles. Veins occur in the outer zone of the upper levels of the deposit. Pegmatites occur in the inner zone of upper levels, whereas disseminated REE ore occurs at the base of the carbonatite. High water solubility in the carbonatite magma and low water, high REE in the exsolved ore-forming fluids, imply that a giant carbonatite body and deep magma chamber are not necessary for the formation of giant REE deposits.     

REE Geochemistry of Loess in Xinjiang ,China

The total rare-earth element values(ΣREE)of loess in the Xinjiang region vary over a range of 128-200 ppm ,with an average of 153ppm .The average REE content of loess lies between the earth‘s crust (155ppm) and sedimentary rocks(151ppm).The Xinjiang loess,with the REE distribu-tion patterns characterized by negative slopes ,is rich in the Ce-family elements, and has a distribu-tion pattern characteristic of sedimentary rocks.The North Xinjiang loess is relatively depleted in Tb,but rich in Yb and Lu.The South Xinjiang loess is relatively rich in light rare-earth elements.This is full proof that the Xinjiang loess comes partly from weathered materials(clay rock,sandstone)in the region studied.The REE distribution patterns in the Xinjiang loess are similar to those in the precipitated dust and Aeolian sand,indicating the same material source.The REE distribution pat-terns in the Xinjiang loess are also similar to those in loess from the middle Yellow River Valley,China and Taskent,the former USSR.This implies that loesses of the three locations(Xinjiang,the mid-dle Yellow River Valley and Taskent) come from a common material source.But the REE patterns in the Xinjiang loess are different from those in wall rocks (volcanic rock,K-bearing volcanic rock).Generally ,LREE/HREE,Eu/Eu* and Ce/Ce* ratios reflect the features of parent materials of loess,indicating that the parent rocks were probably in the early stage of alkaline weathering and the weathered materials existed in an oxidation environment with basic mediums under arid-climatic conditions before transport.As a result,the migration ability of the REE is weak.     

四川冕宁牦牛坪稀土矿床地质特征

四川牦牛平矿床是世界上最大的稀土矿床之一,该矿床位于攀西裂谷西缘,同位素年龄表明稀土化发育于裂谷期后阶段。矿区内碳酸岩、碱性基性伟晶岩、花岗斑岩、煌斑岩以及辉绿岩岩墙（脉）构成了与矿化有关的碳酸岩杂岩。围绕碳酸岩杂岩广泛发育着霓长岩化,蚀变作用形成的霓长岩具有显显的分带特征,由内向外可分为：钠铁闪石黑云母带、霓石霓辉石带、碎裂带。该矿床具有三种矿石类型：碱性基性伟晶岩型、岩酸岩型和细网脉裂。氟碳铈     

Tungsten Mineralization and Mica REE Geochemistry,Huangsha,Jiangxi

The Huangsha Ag-rich tungsten deposit is genetically related to a buried granite which shows apparent vertical zoning in alteration.Greisen-type W(Mo) ores coccur at the top or the intrusive and sulfide-wolframite-quartz veins developed at the major stage of mineralization are present in low-grade metamorphic rocks in the outer-contacts.The veins exhibit a reversed zonation in the vertical section with silver concentrated in the lower part in association with sulfides.Micas,characterized by high Si and low Al.are extensively developed both in the granite and in the veins.They have similar cell parameters.belonging to 2M1 type,but those in the veins are understanding of the petrogenesis, evolution and mineralization of the granite.     

REE Characteristics of the Kalatongke Cu-Ni Deposit, Xinjiang, China

On the basis of the study on the REE geochemistry of the ore minerals and host rocks of the Kalatongke Cu-Ni deposit, Xinjiang, it is indicated that the major ore minerals, sulfides, were sourced from the host mafic-ultramafic magma. Characterized by low REE content of sulfide, such a Cu-Ni sulfide deposit occurring in the orogen is obviously different from that on the margin of the craton. Because the mafic-ultramafic rocks from the Cu-Ni sulfide deposit occurring in the orogen is water-rich and the REEs of some sulfides show a particular "multiple-bending" pattern, which suggests coexistence of multiple liquid phases (fluid and melt), the sulfide melt possibly contains a great deal of hydrothermal fluids and increasingly developed gases and liquid-rich ore-forming fluids after the main metallogenic epoch (magmatic segregation stage).     

REE in charnockite and associated rocks,southwest Sweden

The rate earth element compositions of a suite of high-grade metamorphic and plutonic rocks which outcrop in the Varberg region of southwest Sweden are presented. A plutonic complex containing both charnockitic and non-charnockitic elements intrudes country rocks of upper amphibolite and granulite facies grade. The REE data for the country rocks sustain the view that they are supracrustal origin and support the importance placed on these elements in investigations of metamorphic rock progenitors. The progressive change in REE characteristics found for the various units of the plutonic association confirms that they represent rational stages in differentiation from a common parent. The end-product of this differentiation is a granite with the REE concentration and distribution found, elsewhere in the Baltic Shield, to characterize Rapakivi granite. The progressive change in REE with time suggested for the Baltic Shield by other authors finds support in the results of this study.     

REE Geochemistry of Fluorite from the Maoniuping REE Deposit, Sichuan Province, China： Implications for the Source of Ore-forming Fluids

Fluorite is one of the main gangue minerals in the Maoniuping REE deposit,Sichuan Province,China.Fluorite with different colors occurs not only within various orebodies,but also in wallrocks of the orefield.Based on REE geochemistry,fluorite in the orefield can be classified as the LREE-rich,LREE-flat and LREE-depleted types.The three types of fluorite formed at different stages from the same hydrothermal fluid source,with the LREE-rich fluorite forming at the relatively early stage,the LREE-flat fluorite in the middle,and the LREE-depleted fluorite at the latest stage.Various lines of evidence demonstrate that the variation of the REE contents of fluorite shows no relation to the color.The mineralization of the Maoniuping REE deposit is associated spatially and temporally with carbonatite-syenite magmatism and the ore-forming fluids are mainly derived from carbonatite and syenite melts.     

中国西南地区大面积稀土异常区稀土来源

中国贵州、云南和广西交界处存在大面积以宣威地区为中心的土壤稀土元素地球化学异常,为了探究该地区土壤稀土元素来源,本研究采集了宣威地区土壤(红土)和岩石(玄武岩、白云岩、灰岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、凝灰岩和页岩)样品,分析了稀土元素、微量元素、pH值和有机质组成。结果显示:土壤稀土元素含量均在大陆上地壳的2倍左右,玄武岩稀土元素含量与上覆土壤一致,但沉积岩(白云岩、石灰岩和砂岩)稀土元素含量远低于上覆土壤。土壤稀土元素与基性岩中富集的元素Co、Ni、Cu、Zn和Au等具有极好的相关性(相关系数r0.7),但与pH值(r=0.33)和有机质含量(r=0.20)无明显相关关系。玄武岩与其上覆土壤之间的稀土配分模式具有高度的一致性,而沉积岩与其上覆土壤之间的稀土配分模式差异较大,且所有土壤中位值的稀土配分模式与玄武岩的极其相似。宣威地区处于既有玄武岩又有海相沉积岩出露的区域,玄武岩可能是该地区土壤稀土元素的主要来源。     

四川牦牛坪稀土矿床矿物流体包裹体研究

对矿物流体包裹体进行分析的结果表明，牦牛坪稀土矿床的矿物中存在4种类型包裹体：（1）液-所耵；（2）液-气-固相；（3）纯气相；（4）固相，矿物包裹体显微测温结果显示牦牛坪矿床成矿温度从423℃至122℃；成矿流体的盐度ω（NaCl)为11.46%-14.36%质量分数，包裹体的成分分析结果显示流体中富含CO2和其他挥发性组分，并富含大量的不同成分的矿物雏晶，根据矿床地质特征和矿物包裹体的研究结果，作者认为本矿床的成矿作用是由碳酸岩岩浆气液流体的沸腾、充填和交代过程而实现的。     

湖南沃溪金锑钨矿床稀土元素特征研究

对湖南活溪金锑钨矿床稀土元素特征的研究结果表明：在成矿过程中,稀土元素发生了从近矿围岩向含矿断裂带或成矿热液的迁移;成矿物质主要来自赋矿地层围岩,且具多源性;矿化程度不同的层脉石英矿石中的稀土总量具有明显的差异。同时指出了将热液金矿床中石英脉内稀土总含量作为找矿标志的可能性。     

四川木洛稀土矿床碳酸岩地球化学

木洛稀土矿床成因上与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩密切相关。碳酸岩主要由方解石组成,CaO/（CaO＋MgO＋FeO＋Fe2O3＋MnO）比值在95.7%～99.6%,为方解石碳酸岩。碳酸岩相对富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr、LREE,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、P,高Zr/Hf和La/Nb值,低Sm/Nd和Rb/Sr值,暗示岩石来自富集地幔EMI。地质、地球化学研究表明,木洛碳酸岩是在峨眉山地幔柱地幔遗存物经喜马拉雅造山运动再次活化的产物,但碳酸岩熔浆在上侵过程中受到地壳物质混染。碳酸岩-碱性岩熔浆带来大量稀土元素,并在喜马拉雅造山期造山运动派生的局部引张部位成矿。     

贵州织金低磷层磷矿稀土赋存状态与磷矿浮选工艺研究

对贵州省织金地区低磷层磷块岩型稀土矿石进行XRF、ICP、SEM/EDS、FIB-SEM分析。矿石中P2O5含量为9.97%、稀土总量为899.52μg/g,稀土以钇和镧、铈、钕为主。稀土元素赋存状态研究表明,稀土元素以类质同象形式赋存在胶磷矿中。采用浮选机反浮选方法进行选矿工艺研究。实验筛选出NECP6号为捕收剂,对捕收剂种类、用量、磨矿时间、硫酸用量和磷酸用量等浮选工艺条件进行了实验研究,结果表明:当NECP6号捕收剂用量为2.8 kg/t,磨矿时间25 min,硫酸用量为6.5 kg/t,磷酸用量为24 kg/t,浮选5 min情况下浮选效果最好,实验样品经一粗一精选别,精矿品位从原矿品位10.64%提升到20.58%,回收率81.30%,尾矿品位降至3.69%,浮选效果较好。     

贵州省贞丰县水银洞金矿床稀土元素地球化学特征

根据水银洞金矿床钻孔岩芯及坑道采集的30件样品的REE分析资料．讨论不同矿体的矿石、围岩、矿体及其顶底板的REE配分模式的特征与相互关系,以期找出部分参数(∑REE、LREE／HREE、δCe、δEu等)的变化规律,探讨矿床成矿的有关问题。通过分析,认为矿床成矿与峨眉山玄武岩无关。