作物生产模拟及其对2030年气候变化的响应(二)

4 未来技术条件下模拟气候对作物的影响4.l 对产量的出响不考虑调整或适应,伴随未来技术,对作物施加模拟气候将会引起产量下降.旱地暖季作物受影响最为严重:玉米减产28%,大豆减产25%,高梁减产21%.在灌溉条件下,玉米减产将缓和到9%,高梁减产则缓和到10%、模拟气候对小麦和紫苜蓿的影响较轻:旱地小麦和紫苜首蓿仅减产7%,灌溉小麦的产量基本不变.     

2021年贵州省粮油作物生长季 农业气候评价

为了评估2021粮油作物生长季内气象条件对农业生产的影响,根据贵州84个观测站的气温、降水、日照3个气象要素的变化特点,结合作物生物学特性对气象的要求,并与历史同期气象条件进行对比,结论为：（1）夏收粮油农业气象条件利弊相当,属于正常气候年景：生长季内光热条件适宜;出苗期受秋绵雨影响,苗情偏弱;关键生育期前期,光温水匹配良好,利于产量形成,后期受两个旬的低温阴雨寡照天气影响,不利于灌浆,随后天气转好,作物恢复生长,气象条件有利于收获晾晒。（2）秋粮作物农业气象条件利大于弊,属于较好气候年景：生长季内光温水匹配良好,作物生长后期气象条件优于生长前期;营养生长期受2次低温阴雨寡照天气影响,苗情略偏弱,随后天气转好,生殖生长期光温充足,夏旱偏轻发生,利于秋粮作物生长发育和单产提升。     

1985年甘肃省气候评价

一、气候概况1.气候特征1985年的主要气候特征是:初冬(1984年12月)多雪偏冷,隆冬少雪偏暖;初春少雨干旱,影响早春作物播种出苗,第一场透雨适时,早、晚霜冻轻;春末夏初阴雨绵绵,麦田锈病危害重,局地出现冰雹、暴雨,河西无干热风危害;盛夏雨水较适时,伏旱不明显,对大秋作物生长有利,暴雨较多,冰雹频繁,局地受灾较重;秋季全省出现连阴雨低温天气,对秋作物成熟、冬小麦     

一次火箭增雨作业技术分析

1　天气气候背景　　 2 0 0 1年 2月份以来 ,留坝县天气持续晴好 ,平均气温较历年同期偏高 2℃以上 ,2月 2 6～ 4月3日降水量仅 0 .3 mm(属留坝气象站建站以来历史上同期最少的记录 ) ,日照偏多 (为近 3 0 a来同期日照时数最多的年份 ) ,蒸发量偏大 ,更有浮尘、扬沙、大风天气相继出现 ,土壤严重失墒 ,夏粮作物、黄姜等经济作物严重受旱 ,部分村组农户饮水发生困难 ;石门水库蓄水量锐减 ,严重影响了水电站发电和水库灌区的抗旱。更为严重的是 4月 9日低温降雪天气 ,使农经作物、果树林木遭受了严重的冻害。 4月 1 9日 ,新疆为一弱高压脊 ,中…     

青稞产量周期回归双重分析预报方法

一、前言目前作物产量分析预报中将作物实际产量 Y 分为三大项。第一项为主要受土肥条件、品种优劣、耕作栽培、管理技术等因子影响的趋势产量 Y_t,一般表现为时间的正函数;第二项为主要受天气气候条件影响的气候产量 Y_w,气候产量随天气气候因子的波动而变化;第三项为偶然随机因子影响的随机项 Y_ε。即     

2010年冬春气候异常对锡林郭勒盟农牧业的影响

气候异常常出现极端天气气候事件和严重的气象灾害,对人类活动和农业生产有严重影响。锡林郭勒盟2009年冬至2010年春气温异常偏低,降水多,一些地区冬季的极端最低气温突破了历史极值。低温多雨的春季气候虽然为牧草生长和农作物播种提供了较好的水分条件,但异常偏低的气温造成严重的热量条件不足,导致锡林郭勒盟大部地区牧草返青期推迟了15~20天,主要作物播种期推迟了10~15天,影响了牧草和农作物生产,推迟了牲畜采青。     

羔羊越冬与气候条件

1 引言 山羊是我县畜牧业发展的主要牲畜之一,也是我县牧业经济的主要来源之一.近年来,我县山羊发展很快,已成为全国肉用山羊基地县之一,但由于山羊的生长发育受自然因素影响较大,而我县地处山区,气候繁杂多变,且山羊主要生存在海拔800米以上地区,这些地区冬、春季多冷空气活动,严寒天气多,气温下降剧烈,对我县羔羊安全越冬造成极大的危害,严重制约了我县山羊的发展.据统计,全县每年产羔约90万只左右,而死亡率高达52%,遇恶劣天气,死亡率更高.     

羔羊越冬与气候条件

1　引言山羊是我县畜牧业发展的主要牲畜之一 ,也是我县牧业经济的主要来源之一。近年来 ,我县山羊发展很快 ,已成为全国肉用山羊基地县之一 ,但由于山羊的生长发育受自然因素影响较大 ,而我县地处山区 ,气候繁杂多变 ,且山羊主要生存在海拔 80 0米以上地区 ,这些地区冬、春季多冷空气活动 ,严寒天气多 ,气温下降剧烈 ,对我县羔羊安全越冬造成极大的危害 ,严重制约了我县山羊的发展。据统计 ,全县每年产羔约 90万只左右 ,而死亡率高达 52 % ,遇恶劣天气 ,死亡率更高。因此 ,对羔羊越冬期间气象条件进行观测、分析研究 ,找到影响羔羊安全越冬…     

2019年贵州省夏收粮油作物生长季农业气候评价

根据贵州省84个气象观测站的资料,分析2018-2019年夏收粮油作物生长季内的气温、降水、日照3个气象要素的变化特点,结合作物生物学特性对气象的要求,并与历史同期气候条件进行对比,评估2018-2019年夏收粮油作物生长季内气候条件对农业生产的影响。结论为:小麦主产区大部光温水条件匹配较好。油菜生长季前期光热条件较差,生育期明显推迟,长势差于2018年,但后期天气转好,利于推进油菜生育进程和产量形成。春播马铃薯气候条件明显好于冬播马铃薯,利于全年马铃薯产量的稳产,冬播马铃薯主产区受阴雨寡照天气影响明显。夏收粮油作物全生育期内无大范围重大农业气象灾害,农业气象条件总体有利于夏收粮油作物生长发育和产量形成,属于较好农业气候年景。     

山旱地冬小麦不同播期试验与产量关系的分析

礼县是个农业县,全县94.64%的作物无灌溉条件。冬小麦播种面积占粮食作物播种面积的45—52%,占总产50%左右。冬小麦的丰欠直接左右我县粮食产量的高低。长期以来,冬小麦平均产量徘徊在100—120公斤。由于受传统观念影响,冬小麦播种盲目追求季节性,很少考虑气候和品种条件。在海拔较高的地区8月下旬就开始播     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

Addressing the necessity of the registration of the effects of causal mechanics in the example of a simple barotropic model of the atmosphere

Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature.     

Modeling the evolution of the family of Mediterranean cyclones using the regional model of the atmosphere

Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced. The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer

The heighth of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h increases as ¦¦^1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as ^–1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth _u determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h _u behaves asymptotically as ¦¦^–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh .     

接地降阻剂的PH值的探讨

1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到…     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

阴山山脉对内蒙古中部地区气象要素影响初探

文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。     

2003年黑龙江省主要灾害性天气及其对作物生长发育和粮食产量的影响

利用40年气温、降水资料和历史上千旱、低温严重的年份与2003年进行对比分析．评估黑龙江省2003年发生的严重灾害的分布范同,灾害程度,及其对主要粮食作物生长发育和产量的影响。得出2003年的灾害是30年未遇的全省性严重灾害年,各种灾害对各种作物都产生了不同程度的影响,受害最重的作物是小麦。