用Matlab软件内部函数校正强震记录的探讨

在标准化结构反应谱时,需要准确地确定地面地震动峰值。而在地震期间,测量地面运动时采集到的地震动加速度时程数据由于种种原因存在基线漂移问题,导致所测数据不能真实反映地面运动．由此难以确定真实地面运动峰值。通过对地震动加速度数据拟合,根据拟合后的数据计算地震速度及位移．并将计算结果分别与利用已有基线修正方法求得的速度及位移进行对比．从而确定最佳拟合次数,消除基线漂移造成影响。研究结果表明,经12次拟合修正地震动加速度求得的地震动位移峰值可用于相对位移反应谱标准化。     

基于条件均值反应谱的特大地震强震记录的选取及调整方法

在PEER地震动数据库(PGMD)的基础上, 结合近几年国内外特大地震的地面运动记录, 建立了地面运动数据库, 同时根据日本M_W9.0特大地震获得的141组记录进行统计回归建立加速度反应谱衰减关系, 并采用条件均值反应谱法, 即设定地震与结构概率需求结合的方法选择地面运动. 选波实例表明, 当设定地震为特大地震时, 基于条件均值反应谱法选取地面运动记录时, 扩展数据库中大震记录并建立符合大震记录加速度反应谱的衰减关系是十分必要与迫切的. 该思路为进一步研究结构动态时程分析中地面运动记录选取问题及所选记录提供了依据.      

基于条件均值反应谱的特大地震强震记录的选取及调整方法

在PEER地震动数据库(PGMD)的基础上,结合近几年国内外特大地震的地面运动记录,建立了地面运动数据库,同时根据日本Mw 9.0特大地震获得的141组记录进行统计回归建立加速度反应谱衰减关系,并采用条件均值反应谱法,即设定地震与结构概率需求结合的方法选择地面运动.选波实例表明,当设定地震为特大地震时,基于条件均值反应谱法选取地面运动记录时,扩展数据库中大震记录并建立符合大震记录加速度反应谱的衰减关系是十分必要与迫切的.该思路为进一步研究结构动态时程分析中地面运动记录选取问题及所选记录提供了依据.     

中国强地面运动研究进展

简要总结了近年来我国在强地面运动资料的处理、近断层地面运动的影响因素、强地面运动的模拟和宽频带反应谱等方面的研究工作．同时，回顾与展望了我国在强地面运动研究方面的国际合作进展．      

场地的脉动评价

本文通过对基本烈度为7°的西宁市地震小区划实际资料的分析及与钻孔剖面等对比,发现地面脉动功率谱与地面运动水平峰值加速度、地面运动反应谱均有较好的对应性。从一定意义上讲,地面脉动能更直接地反映出一定场地条件下第四系复盖层的工程地质性质,所以可作为一种既简便又经济的工程场地评价方法,与其他方法配合使用。     

基于移动窗解卷积法的2011年日本东北 MW9.0大地震场地非线性时变识别

利用模拟记录和2011年日本东北M_W9.0大地震观测记录分析了基于移动窗解卷积法识别场地非线性时变特征的可行性,并与移动窗谱比法的结果进行了对比分析。研究表明:基于移动窗解卷积法可以较好地揭示场地非线性随地震动水平的变化过程,识别非线性发生的阈值、非线性变化程度及强震动后的恢复程度;与移动窗谱比法相比,移动窗解卷积法更容易获得较为稳定的土体非线性时变过程,但对于存在强阻抗比的浅表层土体,移动窗谱比法可以获得更准确的非线性程度。对2011年日本东北M_W9.0大地震中8个KiK-net台站进行了非线性时变分析,结果表明;两种方法识别的非线性阈值较接近,约在40—100 cm/s2之间,且与场地v_S30没有明显的相关性;在峰值加速度PGA较低的IBRH20台站,非线性引起的波速下降较小（3%）且震后几乎完全恢复;PGA 处于386—822 cm/s2之间的其余7个台站,场地等效剪切波速下降13%—37%,产生了显著的场地非线性,且震后未完全恢复;PGA大于380 cm/s2时,非线性所导致的场地波速下降、恢复与PGA无明显相关性。      

SH波作用下三维软弱夹杂对地面运动的影响

基于三维有限元数值模拟对单一浅埋软弱立方体夹杂对地面运动的影响进行研究。通过谱比曲线分析了浅埋软弱夹杂及深宽比对地面运动的放大作用,并分析了夹杂对加速度峰值和反应谱的影响。最后,与二维有限元数值模拟结果进行比较。结果表明:软弱夹杂对R0.85l区域的地面运动放大作用明显,地面运动最大点位于夹杂中心在地表的投影处;当深宽比较小时(N≤1/2),夹杂会对地面运动产生较大的放大作用,当深宽比N≥1时夹杂对地面运动无明显的放大作用,深宽比N=1/16时对地面运动的最大放大倍数是无夹杂自由场的4.2倍;二维模型下夹杂对地面运动放大的频段范围要比三维的宽,放大倍数要比三维的小。     

基于现行抗震规范的胡聿贤模型参数研究

回顾了地震地面加速度随机过程模型,根据随机振动理论采用迭代方法求解出与我国现行《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)设计反应谱相对应的功率谱密度函数,选用胡聿贤功率谱密度函数拟合上述功率谱密度函数,运用非线性拟合技术给出了与规范对应的胡聿贤功率谱参数,可供这种模型作为地震地面运动输入时选用。     

四能窗稳谱技术在岩性密度测井仪中的应用

在岩性密度测井仪中使用的两能窗稳谱技术存在稳谱耗时长、效果不稳定,特别是在低密度岩层易使高压值跟踪在伪平衡点上等问题。四能窗稳谱处理技术使用线性近似基线谱校正本底或Compton散射伽马等对稳谱窗计数的影响;采用自适应递归数字时间延迟滤波,并根据纵向分辨率和测速的要求,通过测井实践得出了比较合理的稳谱调度周期和帧数;构建了合适的稳谱状态因子与高压调节增量之间的函数关系,克服了两能窗稳谱技术存在的不足。实际应用表明该技术原理正确,实施方法可行、有效。     

盆地构造地震地面运动速度和加速度分布特征的数值模拟

本文用错格实数傅里叶变换的拟谱法的数值模拟方法分析了地震波在冲积扇、盆地等不均匀地震构造体区域的传播过程和地面运动分布. 结果表明, 地震波由岩石区进入盆地结构后,在盆地内上下多次反射振荡,对地面建筑物可能形成多次连续的振动和破坏,仅有极少量地震波能量返回岩石区域中,这是防灾研究中值得注意的地面运动特征;地震波在盆地边界地质构造条件下,形成的地震波体波与次生面波动的叠加干涉形成了大振幅的地面运动,它可能导致建筑物的极大破坏;破坏峰值的空间位置可能远离岩石和盆地沉积层的边界或者地震断层的位置.     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.