农居工程地基砂垫层隔震体系性能试验研究

砂垫层具有取材方便、造价低、施工简便的特点,为了更好地在农居工程建设中推广应用地基砂垫层隔震技术,通过制作农村房屋结构模型,进行地基砂垫层隔震体系与无隔震体系的大型振动台试验,研究了地基砂垫层隔震体系的隔震性能。基于结构加速度反应、结构位移反应和结构应变反应三个方面,对比分析无隔震试验和地基砂垫层隔震试验的结果,研究地基砂垫层隔震体系的隔震性能。结果表明:地基砂垫层隔震体系能够有效地减小上部结构的地震加速度反应、层间位移反应和应变反应,具有良好的隔震效果;输入地震动的量级是影响地基砂垫层隔震体系隔震效果的一个重要因素。     

村镇建筑砌体结构滑移隔震性能研究1

村镇建筑多以砖混结构为主,抗震性能相对较弱,砂垫层摩擦滑移隔震技术由于诸多优点较适合广大农村建筑.本文介绍了砂垫层基础滑移隔震的设计原则和分析模型,以常见的两层砖混结构为例,采用Abaqus有限元软件分析不同摩擦系数、不同加速度峰值下隔震层的滑移,并在此基础上确定隔震层在多遇和罕遇地震作用下的摩擦系数及滑移量建议限值;通过验算不同砂浆的抗震受剪承载力,得出不同摩擦力作用下满足抗震受剪承载力的最低砂浆标准,所得结论对农村滑移隔震建筑的选材具有一定参考意义.     

罕遇地震下村镇建筑复合隔震系统的地震响应特征及设计参数

为研究罕遇地震下复合隔震村镇建筑的地震响应特征及设计参数,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了复合隔震结构、滑移隔震结构、砂垫层隔震结构以及传统的砌体结构四种模型,通过对比4种模型在不同滑移层摩擦系数及不同地震烈度下的加速度、位移及底部剪力等动力响应差异,得出复合隔震体系的地震响应特征及主要设计参数。结果表明:复合隔震体系具有最优的隔震效果,且滑移层摩擦系数越小,地震烈度越大,隔震效果越好。根据预设40%隔震率的要求,确定出不同抗震设防烈度区的滑移层摩擦系数取值范围。     

基于增量动力地震易损性分析的高层结构抗震加固研究

由于承重结构构件分布不均匀,导致高层建筑框架承重构件间的距离不相等。在地震时,这种不规则分布可能引起加速度共振效应,从而导致建筑失稳。为此,以地震动强度、地震动速度峰值、最大层间位移角为参数指标,分析高层建筑的极限状态,提出基于增量动力地震易损性分析的高层结构抗震加固研究。以某实际工程为试验对象,运用ABAQUS软件构造高层建筑框架结构三维模型,选取多条地震波以及符合场地条件的地震动记录进行验证,绘制地震易损性曲线。结果表明:在高层建筑框架结构中安装阻尼器,可增强结构中各构件的承载力,改善高层建筑抗震性能;增加钢板厚度可提高结构抗震水平,降低极限状态下框架结构IO、LS与CP的超越概率;提高混凝土强度,可改善框架结构抗倒塌性能。高层结构完成抗震加固后,抗震能力由0.91提升至1.01。由此证明,以增量动力分析得到的结构易损性为基础,对建筑易损性较大的地方进行加固、完善,能够改善高层建筑框架结构地震易损性,减少地震灾害损失。     

分层土-隧道相互作用体系地震响应分析

为研究地震作用下非均质场地各个土层放大效应以及分层土-隧道的地震响应,以大连某实际工程为背景,基于地震作用下隧道结构动力响应的理论,采用收敛约束法,通过ABAQUS构建分层土-隧道三维有限元模型,并结合振动台试验,验证模拟的准确性;将自由场与有隧道场地进行对比,并结合加速度和傅里叶曲线对模拟数据进行分析。结果表明：(1)土体性质和激励大小对地震波的传递有影响,随着场地由浅到深逐渐增加,峰值加速度逐渐放大,不同分层介质的主要频率和频谱形状发生明显变化;(2)隧道会放大远场的加速度响应,略微降低近场的动力响应;(3)软弱夹层的存在对地震动的放大作用也有明显影响,不同分层介质的不同特性导致土层刚度不同,从而影响地震作用下层状土-隧道的动力相互作用。     

装配式AAC砌体填充墙平面外抗震性能分析

为了适应国家绿色建筑和装配式建筑的发展,减少地震中填充墙的平面外破坏,采用ABAQUS有限元程序研究了装配式AAC砌体填充墙的平面外抗震性能。进行了不同工况下足尺有限元模型的模拟,分析了填充墙高厚比、配筋率及填充墙与框架间连接方式对其平面外抗震性能的影响,以峰值、极限状态下的荷载与跨中位移评定其平面外抗震性能。分析结果表明:采用ABAQUS进行填充墙平面外抗震性能数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好;填充墙高厚比越小,平面外承载力越大,当高厚比小于10时,墙体延性大幅下降;填充墙配筋率和承载力近似呈正比关系,但当配筋率大于0.2%时,墙体延性也会下降;高厚比在15~20和配筋率在0.1%~0.2%范围内,填充墙呈适筋延性破坏模式;填充墙与框架之间布置双向柔性连接约束,墙体具备一定延性,墙体平面外承载力较单向连接件布置有所提升。     

黄土高填方场地地震动参数特性分析

削山造地后形成的黄土高填方场地对地震动参数特性影响较大。以实际工程项目为研究对象,构造不同填土高度的计算剖面,采用一维等效线性化方法计算土层地震动参数,分析基岩地震动输入参数和填土高度对场地地表放大效应的影响。研究表明:场地地震放大系数随填土层的高度增加呈递减趋势。在多遇地震动和基本地震动作用下,场地地震放大系数递减速度比罕遇地震动和极罕遇地震动作用下要大。当填土高度达到一定程度后放大效应趋于平稳;填土高度的变化,会改变地表加速度反应谱的形状。填土高度越大,地表反应谱长周期的频谱成分越显著,反应谱曲线向后移,反应谱峰值点均明显向长周期移动,并出现多个峰值点,反应谱特征周期值变大;下伏基岩的刚度越大,地表峰值加速度的放大效应越大。地表加速度反应谱特征值相比变小。当填土高度增大到一定程度时,下伏基岩的种类对地表地震动特性影响则不明显。该研究成果对高填方场地的地震安全评价和结构抗震设计提供参考。     

加装减震装置的特高压复合材料支柱绝缘子振动台试验研究

为研究复合材料电气设备抗震性能与减震技术应用效果,对特高压复合支柱材料绝缘子进行了抗震与减震地震模拟振动台试验,研究了设备动力特性和地震响应。白噪声试验结果表明:该复合材料支柱绝缘子在安装减震器后第1阶频率由1.11 Hz降低到1.04 Hz,表明减震器对设备结构的整体刚度影响较小。3种地震波试验结果表明:设备地震响应与地震动峰值加速度在抗震试验中呈线性变化关系,但在减震试验的应力响应中呈非线性变化关系;设备安装减震器后,试验地震动峰值加速度越大,减震效率越高,最高达到了66.32%;而位移减震率与地震动峰值加速度无明显规律,最大位移减震率为49.36%。试验研究结果表明:试验设备安装减震器后抗震性能得到显著提升,为复合材料电气设备抗震性能研究与减震技术应用提供了参考依据。     

基于OpenSees的地震动对软土震陷影响研究

软土具有高灵敏度、低强度等特性,在地震过程中极易产生震陷。基于OpenSees数值模拟方法对软土场地的震陷反应进行非线性动力有限元分析,通过改变地震动峰值加速度、频谱特性、输入方式来研究其对软土震陷的影响。结果表明,地震动峰值加速度对地基土的不均匀震陷有显著影响,地震动峰值加速度越大,震陷量显著增大,震陷影响深度更大,对水平地表造成的破坏范围也更大;地震动频谱特性对软土震陷有重要影响,当地震动卓越频率与场地自振频率相近时,其幅值越大,产生的震陷越严重;水平、竖向同时输入地震动的方式能更好地反映土体的振动及震陷响应。该研究成果对探索软土震陷的机理有一定的指导意义。     

极限安全地震动下考虑土-结构相互作用的核电站安全壳响应分析

根据黏弹性人工边界的基本原理,结合有限元分析软件ABAQUS和MATLAB辅助程序,在地基有限区域上添加黏弹性人工边界并实现极限安全地震动的输入。基于ABAQUS软件平台,对CPR1000安全壳构建了土-结构相互作用体系的数值模拟模型,分析其在极限地震动下的动力响应,并将计算结果与考虑刚性基础的安全壳结构响应数据进行对比。结果表明:核电站CPR1000安全壳结构在极限安全地震动下仍能保持良好的密闭性。考虑土-结构相互作用后分析所得安全壳结构受到的应力、加速度峰值和相对位移均有所增大,使用刚性地基模型要偏于危险。     

Simulations of Seismic Hazard for the Pacific Northwest of the United States from Earthquakes Associated with the Cascadia Subduction Zone

-- We investigate the impact of different rupture and attenuation models for the Cascadia subduction zone by simulating seismic hazard models for the Pacific Northwest of the U.S. at 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years. We calculate the sensitivity of hazard (probabilistic ground motions) to the source parameters and the attenuation relations for both intraslab and interface earthquakes and present these in the framework of the standard USGS hazard model that includes crustal earthquakes. Our results indicate that allowing the deep intraslab earthquakes to occur anywhere along the subduction zone increases the peak ground acceleration hazard near Portland, Oregon by about 20%. Alternative attenuation relations for deep earthquakes can result in ground motions that differ by a factor of two. The hazard uncertainty for the plate interface and intraslab earthquakes is analyzed through a Monte-Carlo logic tree approach and indicates a seismic hazard exceeding 1 g (0.2 s spectral acceleration) consistent with the U.S. National Seismic Hazard Maps in western Washington, Oregon, and California and an overall coefficient of variation that ranges from 0.1 to 0.4. Sensitivity studies indicate that the paleoseismic chronology and the magnitude of great plate interface earthquakes contribute significantly to the hazard uncertainty estimates for this region. Paleoseismic data indicate that the mean earthquake recurrence interval for great earthquakes is about 500 years and that it has been 300 years since the last great earthquake. We calculate the probability of such a great earthquake along the Cascadia plate interface to be about 14% when considering a time-dependent model and about 10% when considering a time-independent Poisson model during the next 50-year interval.     

增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构抗震性能试验研究

提出一种组合型减震结构,由钢框架、节点阻尼器和原结构连接组成,外附钢框架将节点阻尼器连接在原混凝土框架结构上形成的增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构,节点阻尼器的剪切滞回变形可以减小结构自身需要消耗的能量,从而提高原结构抗震性能。对原混凝土结构和增设节点阻尼器的组合型结构进行了的振动台试验。通过分析结构在不同地震波激励下的加速度和位移响应,得出楼层加速度和层位移的减震效果。研究结果表明:该结构体系在小震作用下通过提高结构刚度来增强其抗震性能;在大震作用下则可借助节点阻尼器的变形耗能来提升结构耗能能力,结构加速度减震系数达到53%,层间位移减震系数高达72%,验证了增设节点阻尼器的外附钢框架结构的减震效果。     

水平及竖向地震共同作用下双线隧道的响应分析

基于有效的土-结相互作用有限元数值模拟方法,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对水平及竖向地震共同作用下双线盾构隧道的地震响应进行分析研究。地震动输入选取近场地震Loma、ChiChi、Mammoth和WoLong的基岩水平及竖向加速度时程记录。结果表明,不同近场地震记录对隧道结构的作用不同,隧道的地震反应与场地性质及地震动的频谱特性密切相关。对比隧道在水平及竖向地震动共同作用下的响应与单向水平地震动作用下的响应,发现隧道的最大地震附加内力及其分布均发生较大的变化,在隧道结构抗震设计中需引起重视。另外,分析中还考虑了在双向地震动共同作用下,隧道间距、土-结接触面的摩擦系数、土-结相对刚度、输入的地震记录和竖向地震动相对强度对隧道地震响应的影响等,研究结果对隧道工程的抗震设计具有一定的参考价值。     

抗震设计中多遇地震的问题和讨论

指出作为截面抗震验算标准的“小震”混淆了两种明显不同的概念:其一是对应于50年超越概率63％的地震动参数(以下简称“多遇小震”);其二是50年超越概率10％的地震动参数经过折算得到的参数(以下简称“折算小震”).上述混淆导致抗震设计中实际上执行着不同的标准.文中讨论了中、小地震动参数之间关系的复杂性,包括从地震危险性分...     

Stochastic models for simulation of strong ground motion in Iceland

Two types of modelling approaches for simulating ground motion in Iceland are studied and compared. The first type of models, named discrete‐time series models (ARMA), are based solely on measured acceleration in earthquakes occurring in Iceland. The second type of models are based on a theoretical seismic source model called the extended Brune model. Based on measured acceleration in Iceland during the period 1986–1996, the parameters for the extended Brune models have been estimated. The seismic source models are presented here as ARMA models, which simplifies the simulation process. A single‐layer soil amplification model is used in conjunction with the extended Brune model to estimate local site amplification. Emphasis is put on the ground motion models representing the variability in the measured earthquakes, with respect to energy, duration and frequency content. Demonstration is made using these models for constructing linear and non‐linear probabilistic response spectra using a discretised version of the Bouc–Wen model for the hysteresis of the second‐order system. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ground-motion prediction equations for the intermediate depth Vrancea (Romania) earthquakes

We present the regional ground-motion prediction equations for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA), and seismic intensity (MSK scale) for the Vrancea intermediate depth earthquakes (SE-Carpathians) and territory of Romania. The prediction equations were constructed using the stochastic technique on the basis of the regional Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) source scaling and attenuation models and the generalised site amplification functions. Values of considered ground motion parameters are given as the functions of earthquake magnitude, depth and epicentral distance. The developed ground-motion models were tested and calibrated using the available data from the large Vrancea earthquakes. We suggest to use the presented equations for the rapid estimation of seismic effect after strong earthquakes (Shakemap generation) and seismic hazard assessment, both deterministic and probabilistic approaches.     

Estimation of Site Effects in Beijing City

— For the realistic modeling of the seismic ground motion in lateral heterogeneous anelastic media, the database of 3-D geophysical structures for Beijing City has been built up to model the seismic ground motion in the City, caused by the 1976 Tangshan and the 1998 Zhangbei earthquakes. The hybrid method, which combines the modal summation and the finite-difference algorithms, is used in the simulation. The modeling of the seismic ground motion, for both the Tangshan and the Zhangbei earthquakes, shows that the thick Quaternary sedimentary cover amplifies the peak values and increases the duration of the seismic ground motion in the northwestern part of the City. Therefore the thickness of the Quaternary sediments in Beijing City is the key factor controling the local ground effects. Four zones are defined on the base of the different thickness of the Quaternary sediments. The response spectra for each zone are computed, indicating that peak spectral values as high as 0.1 g are compatible with past seismicity and can be well exceeded if an event similar to the 1697 Sanhe-Pinggu occurs.     

Ground motion prediction equation considering combined dataset of recorded and simulated ground motions

Himalayan region is one of the most active seismic regions in the world and many researchers have highlighted the possibility of great seismic event in the near future due to seismic gap. Seismic hazard analysis and microzonation of highly populated places in the region are mandatory in a regional scale. Region specific Ground Motion Predictive Equation (GMPE) is an important input in the seismic hazard analysis for macro- and micro-zonation studies. Few GMPEs developed in India are based on the recorded data and are applicable for a particular range of magnitudes and distances. This paper focuses on the development of a new GMPE for the Himalayan region considering both the recorded and simulated earthquakes of moment magnitude 5.3–8.7. The Finite Fault simulation model has been used for the ground motion simulation considering region specific seismotectonic parameters from the past earthquakes and source models. Simulated acceleration time histories and response spectra are compared with available records. In the absence of a large number of recorded data, simulations have been performed at unavailable locations by adopting Apparent Stations concept. Earthquakes recorded up to 2007 have been used for the development of new GMPE and earthquakes records after 2007 are used to validate new GMPE. Proposed GMPE matched very well with recorded data and also with other highly ranked GMPEs developed elsewhere and applicable for the region. Comparison of response spectra also have shown good agreement with recorded earthquake data. Quantitative analysis of residuals for the proposed GMPE and region specific GMPEs to predict Nepal–India 2011 earthquake of Mw of 5.7 records values shows that the proposed GMPE predicts Peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration for entire distance and period range with lower percent residual when compared to exiting region specific GMPEs.     

近场地震下竖向刚度不同的混合结构动力性能分析

近场地震的动力特性明显不同于远场地震,因此有必要对结构在近场地震作用下的动力性能展开研究。以上部钢结构-下部混凝土结构这类竖向刚度不同的加层混合结构为研究对象,对其在近场脉冲型地震、近场无脉冲型地震及远场地震作用下的动力响应进行研究。结果表明:在多遇、设防、罕遇地震作用下,近场脉冲型地震会使结构的层间位移角、层间剪力、加速度等动力响应均放大并出现超限的情况,而且都比罕遇地震作用下结构的响应增大更明显;在进行近场区加层混合框架结构的设计和建设时,近场脉冲效应会使结构存在不满足规范的情况,有必要对竖向刚度不同的加层混合结构在近场区的适用性进行深入研究。     

地震作用下均质土坡动力特性的振动台试验研究

设计并完成比例尺1∶100的边坡振动台模型试验,讨论模型的相似关系、传感器的布置及模型的建造,并编制相应的动荷载加载方案。通过输入不同类型、不同幅值、频率的动荷载,分析模型边坡在地震作用下的动力响应规律以及地震动参数对边坡动力特性和动力响应的影响。试验结果表明,在坡体的表面和坡内的竖直方向上,加速度放大系数均随着高程增加而明显增大。当输入不同压缩比的地震波时,压缩比越大坡体的动力响应越明显,即随着输入动荷载的频率增加,越接近土体的自振频率加速度放大效应越明显;在坡体的同一高程处,坡面的加速度放大系数略大于坡体内的加速度放大系数,表现出一定的趋表效应,同时随着输入地震波振幅的增加,加速度放大系数整体出现递减的趋势。实验结果分析有助于揭示土质边坡在地震作用下的失稳破坏机制,为今后边坡工程的抗震设计提供积极的参考。