Wave height statistical characteristic analysis

When exploring the temporal and spatial change law of ocean environment, the most common method used is using smaller-scale observed data to derive the change law for a larger-scale system. For instance, using 30-year observation data to derive 100-year return period design wave height. Therefore,the study of inherent self-similarity in ocean hydrological elements becomes increasingly important to the study of multi-year return period design wave height derivation. In this paper, we introduced multifractal to analyze the statistical characteristics of wave height series data observed from oceanic hydrological station.An improvement is made to address the existing problems of the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis(MF-DFA) method, where trend function showed a discontinuity between intervals. The improved MFDFA method is based on signal mode decomposition, replacing piecewise polynomial fitting used in the original method. We applied the proposed method to the wave height data collected at Chaolian Island,Shandong, China, from 1963 to 1989 and was able to conclude the wave height sequence presented weak multi-fractality. This result provided strong support to the past research on the derivation of multi-year return period design wave height with observed data. Moreover, the new method proposed in this paper also provides a new perspective to explore the intrinsic characteristic of data.     

Finite water depth effect on wave-body problems solved by Rankine source method

Finite water depth effect for wave-body problems are studied by continuous Rankine source method and non- desingularized technique. Free surface and seabed surface profiles are represented by continuous panels rather than a discretization by isolated points. These panels are positioned exactly on the fluid boundary surfaces and therefore no desingularization technique is required. Space increment method is applied for both free surface source and seabed source arrangements to reduce computational cost and improve numerical efficiency. Fourth order Runge-Kutta iteration scheme is adopted on the free surface updating at every time step. The finite water depth effect is studied quantitatively for a series of cylinders with different B/T ratios. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model are validated by comparison with published numerical results and experimental data. Numerical results show that hydrodynamic coefficients vary for cylinder bodies with different ratios of B/T. For certain set of B/T ratios the effect of finite water depth increases quickly with the increase of motion frequency and becomes stable when frequency is relatively large. It also shows that water depths have larger hydrodynamic effects on cylinder with larger breadth to draft ratios. Both the heave added mass and damping coefficients increase across the frequency range with the water depths decrease for forced heave motion. The water depths have smaller effects on sway motion response than on heave motion response.     

Fluorometric discrimination technique of phytoplankton population based on wavelet analysis

The discrete excitation-emission-matrix fluorescence spectra (EEMS) at 12 excitation wavelengths (400, 430, 450, 460, 470, 490, 500, 510, 525, 550, 570, and 590 nm) and emission wavelengths ranging from 600-750 nm were determined for 43 phytoplankton species. A two-rank fluorescence spectra database was established by wavelet analysis and a fluorometric discrimination technique for determining phytoplankton population was developed. For laboratory simulatively mixed samples, the samples mixed from 43 algal species (the algae of one division accounted for 25%, 50%, 75%, 85%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average discrimination rates at the level of division were 65.0%, 87.5%, 98.6%, 99.0%, and 99.1%, with average relative contents of 18.9%, 44.5%, 68.9%, 73.4%, and 82.9%, respectively; the samples mixed from 32 red tide algal species (the dominant species accounted for 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% of the gross biomass, respectively), the average correct discrimination rates of the dominant species at the level of genus were 63.3%, 74.2%, 78.8%, 83.4%, and 79.4%, respectively. For the 81 laboratory mixed samples with the dominant species accounting for 75% of the gross biomass (chlorophyll), the discrimination rates of the dominant species were 95.1% and 72.8% at the level of division and genus, respectively. For the 12 samples collected from the mesocosm experiment in Maidao Bay of Qingdao in August 2007, the dominant species of the 11 samples were recognized at the division level and the dominant species of four of the five samples in which the dominant species accounted for more than 80% of the gross biomass were discriminated at the genus level; for the 12 samples obtained from Jiaozhou Bay in August 2007, the dominant species of all the 12 samples were recognized at the division level. The technique can be directly applied to fluorescence spectrophotometers and to the developing of an in situ algae fluorescence auto-analyzer for phytoplankton population.     

裂隙岩体循环冻融变形特征及影响因素分析

高寒、高海拔地区由于反复冻融导致的岩体变形破坏,对区内工程建设有重大影响。为研究不同裂隙条件下岩体循环冻融特性,在汶马高速沿线选择具有代表性的千枚岩和砂岩,制备了不同裂隙条件（长度、张开度、裂隙组数）试样,在干燥和饱水两种状态下分别进行大温差（-20℃到20℃）循环冻融（50次）试验。试验揭示了饱水裂隙岩样冻融变形过程:冻缩→冻胀→冻缩（冻结阶段）→融胀→融缩→融胀（融化阶段）,干燥裂隙岩样冻融变形过程:冻缩（冻结阶段）→融胀（融化阶段）。进一步,选择冻胀量εd为指标,分析了两类岩样冻融循环次数与εd的关系,揭示了裂隙长度、宽度和组数对εr的影响规律;选择残余变形量εr为指标,揭示了千枚岩和砂岩试样在饱水条件下εr随εd的增加规律,获得了εd与εr间的定量关系;分析了干燥和饱水试样单轴抗压强度随冻融循环次数增加而减小规律,确定了冻融次数与试样劣化间的线性关系。最后,初步讨论了饱水条件、岩性和裂隙条件对岩体冻融循环变形的影响机制。      

广西低纬度地区暴雨环流特征分析

利用NCEP和ECMWF再分析资料,结合天气动力学原理,从西风带系统、副热带系统、青藏高原影响系统和热带系统对影响广西低纬度地区暴雨过程中的天气系统进行了分型,并给出相应的环流特征,为广西等低纬度地区的暴雨预报提供了参考依据.     

基于免疫遗传小波分析的管道焊缝图像处理方法

针对难以实现管道焊缝图像信息准确提取的问题,利用免疫遗传算法优化小波系数,将小波变换与免疫遗传算法引入焊缝图像的处理过程,采用相似性距离分析传统小波、Canny算法、免疫遗传小波等算法优劣性.结果表明:该算法能够有效地抑制噪声干扰,去除图像边缘中的伪影,从而较好地实现图像边缘信息的清晰与细化,体现遗传小波变换算法在精确定位与抗噪声能力上的优越性.     

Combined analysis of gravity and magnetic anomalies using normalized source strength

The traditional combined gravity and magnetic analysis uses the linear regression of the first order vertical derivative of the gravity anomaly and the reduction to the pole ( RTP) magnetic anomaly, and provides the quantitative or semi-quantitative interpretation by calculating the correlation coefficient, slope, and inter-cept.In the calculation process, due to the remanent magnetization, the RTP anomaly still contains the effect of oblique magnetization, as a result, the homologous gravity and magnetic anomalies may display irrelevant results in the linear regression calculation.To solve this problem, we present a new combined analysis using normal-ized source strength ( NSS ) .Based on the Poisson's relation, the gravity field can be transformed into the pseudomagnetic field of the direction of geomagnetic field magnetization under the homologous condition.The NSS of the pseudomagnetic field and that of the original magnetic field are calculated, which are insensitive to the remanence, and then the linear regression analysis is carried out.The approach is tested using synthetic model under complex magnetization, the results show that it can still identify the gravity and magnetic anomalies from same source under strong remanence, and can establish the Poisson's ratio.Finally, this approach is ap-plied in Wudalianchi in China.The results demonstrated that this approach is feasible and can provide the ref-erence for further data processing and interpretation.     

Multi-scale wavelet analysis of TOPEX/Poseidon altimeter significant wave height in eastern China seas

The multi-scale characteristics of wave significant height (Hss) in eastern China seas were revealed by multi-scale wavelet analysis. In order to understand the relation between wave and wind, the TOPEX/Poseidon measurements of Hs and wind speed were analyzed. The result showed that Hs and wind speed change in multi-scale at one-, two-month, half-, one- and two-year cycles. But in a larger time scale, the variations in Hs and wind speed are different. Hs has a five-year cycle similar to the cycle of ENSO variation, while the wind speed has no such cycle. In the time domain, the correlation between Hs and ENSO is unclear.     

济阳坳陷青东凹陷古近系沙河街组烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力综合评价

采用有机地球化学方法和盆地模拟技术,结合济阳坳陷青东凹陷古近系沙河街组构造、沉积等方面的研究成果,分析研究区古近系烃源岩的生烃潜力、演化特征等。结果表明:研究区主要存在沙三下亚段和沙四上亚段两套烃源岩,烃源岩具有"北厚南薄"的发育特征,在凹陷中—北部深洼带最为发育,往南厚度变小;烃源岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型较好(Ⅰ—Ⅱ1),具有良好的生烃物质基础;烃源岩处于低熟—成熟阶段,成熟烃源岩的分布范围有限,主要局限于北部洼陷和中部洼陷的深洼区,但研究区沙四段烃源岩具有形成低熟油的基本条件,为研究区油气聚集创造一定的物质基础。     

准噶尔盆地木垒凹陷油气来源及成藏特征

为解决准噶尔盆地木垒凹陷油气来源认识不清、成藏特征不明确问题,应用油源对比技术分析油气源;利用地震、测井和分析化验资料,综合评价生储盖条件、输导体系及圈闭条件。结果表明:木垒凹陷油气来源于二叠系平地泉组烃源岩,二叠系平地泉组深湖—半深湖相暗色泥岩为主力烃源岩,纵向上发育砂砾岩、云质岩和火山岩三类优质储层;受多期构造运动的影响,发育多层系、多类型(构造、岩性和不整合等)圈闭,为油气聚集提供良好的储集空间;断裂和骨架砂体构成立体复合式输导体系。木垒凹陷存在自生自储型和古生新储型两类成藏模式,其中以二叠系平地泉组烃源岩为主要油源的自生自储型岩性油藏和古生新储型构造—岩性油藏,是最有利的勘探方向。     

The intrinsic depth of horizontal convection

The mainstream depth of a return flow can be viewed as an intrinsic depth of horizontal convection. By using a theoretical tube model combined with the application of the Maximum Entropy Production Principle (MaxEPP) in thermodynamics, the following statements can be made. Under fixed external forcing, the system chooses a particular depth as the mainstream depth of its return flow, the depth of which not only satisfies the maximum circulation rate and the maximum heat transport, but also satisfies the maximum entropy production rate. A comparison between this intrinsic depth and the container height leads to the definition of a relative partial and full-penetration pattern of the circulation. Moreover, this intrinsic depth is found to vary with the external forcing; the regulation of this variation is related to the Modified Rayleigh number.     

The intrinsic depth of horizontal convection

The mainstream depth of a return flow can be viewed as an intrinsic depth of horizontal convection. By using a theoretical tube model combined with the application of the Maximum Entropy Production Principle (MaxEPP) in thermodynamics, the following statements can be made. Under fixed external forcing, the system chooses a particular depth as the mainstream depth of its return flow, the depth of which not only satisfies the maximum circulation rate and the maximum heat transport, but also satisfies the maximum entropy production rate. A comparison between this intrinsic depth and the container height leads to the definition of a relative partial and full-penetration pattern of the circulation. Moreover, this intrinsic depth is found to vary with the external forcing; the regulation of this variation is related to the Modified Rayleigh number.     

Multiple time scale analysis of river runoff using wavelet transform for Dagujia River Basin, Yantai, China

Based on monOdy river runoff and meteorological data, a method of Morlet wavelet transform was used to analyze the multiple time scale characteristics of river runoffin the Dagnjia River Basin, Yantai City, Shandong Province. The results showed that the total annual river runoff in the Dagujia River Basin decreased significantly from 1966 to 2004, and the rate of decrease was 48×106m3/10yr, which was higher than the mean value of most rivers in China. Multiple time scale characteristics existed, which accounted for different aspects of the changes in annual river runoff, and the major periods of the runoff time series were identified as about 28 years, 14 years and 4 years with decreasing levels of fluctuation. The river runoff evolution process was controlled by changes in precipitation to a certain extent, but it was also greatly influenced by human activities. Also, for different time periods and scales, the impacts of climate changes and human activities on annual river runoff evolution occurred at the same time. Changes in the annual river runoffwere mainly associated with climate change before the 1980s and with human activities after 1981.     

New application of open source data and Rock Engineering System for debris flow susceptibility analysis

This research describes a quantitative,rapid,and low-cost methodology for debris flow susceptibility evaluation at the basin scale using open-access data and ge...     

资江河口区农田土壤重金属污染评价及来源分析

资江是洞庭湖的第二大支流，其中上游锑(Sb)矿采矿冶炼工业发达，给资江下游及洞庭湖区带来了严重的重金属污染风险。以资江河口区为研究区，采集了132个农田土壤样品及7个资江水样，综合采用多种污染评价方法、空间分析、多元统计分析方法对研究区重金属进行了污染评价及来源分析。结果表明，研究区农田土壤重金属平均质量分数表现为Zn>Cr>Ni>Pb>Cu>As>Sb>Cd，旱田土壤重金属平均质量分数除Pb外均高于水田。Sb、As、Cd为主要污染元素，Sb达到了中等污染和中等生态风险的程度，总体处于轻微-中等生态风险程度。资江水体Sb质量浓度较高，平均为10.51 μg/L。Sb主要来源于中上游的锑矿工业，受高锑质量浓度地表水灌溉、垃圾填埋场以及燃煤等人为活动的控制；Cd主要来源于农药化肥、生活垃圾和城镇废水等人为活动；Cr主要来源于成土母质，而Cu、Zn、As、Ni、Pb受成土母质和人为活动的双重控制。      

R／S AND WAVELET ANALYSIS ON EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DISPARITY IN CHINA DURING PAST 50 YEARS

1INTRODUCTIONThere have been many literatures about the regional disparity of economic development in China since the late 1970s. Some scholars argue that disparity of re-gional development in China has been expanded since 1978, but others find it has reduced since 1978. The findings of some scholars show that the evolutionary process of the disparity of regional economic develop-ment in China follows the inverted U shape, but some others do not think so. What is the true tendency, and i…     

基于板梁理论的工字形钢—混组合双跨连续梁弯扭屈曲分析

基于板梁理论,对均布荷载作用下的双轴对称工字形钢—混组合双跨连续梁进行弯扭屈曲分析,推导截面连续梁发生弯扭屈曲时的临界弯矩公式,运用ANSYS有限元软件对10根双轴对称工字形钢—混组合双跨连续梁进行特征值屈曲分析,对比屈曲临界弯矩的数值解与理论解,讨论换算截面法的适用性。结果表明:理论解与有限元解之间具有较高的吻合度,最大误差不超过3%。换算截面法的计算结果与实际结果差别较大,并不适用于工字形钢—混组合连续梁弯扭屈曲问题的计算。     

流程工业的企业资源计划系统实施探讨

讨论了流程工业的特点，通过功能视图对流程CIMS的框架进行阐述，以及流程工业企业资源计划的功能和特点，最后讨论了流程工业企业资源计划在实施过程应该注意的问题。     

Application of wavelet packet in gravity anomaly processing

Based on the advantages of the wavelet to separate regional field and local anomalies in MATLAB environment,a high-precision regional-residual separation was finally realized. Analytical continuation and trend surface analysis are conventional methods for gravity anomaly separation. But the wavelet packet analysis in analyzing gravity data can make the gravity anomaly to be computed at a higher precision. In this paper,wavelet packet method is used to process gravity anomaly data obtained in Laos,and the separation result is good. Daubechies wavelet series has a higher precision in the wavelet packet.     

风杯动态特性参数的测定

介绍一种利用微机控制定时、计数的方式 ,测定风杯转速由一种稳定状态跃变到另一种稳定状态变化过程中每转一周所需时间T ,从而简单方便地实现了风杯动态特性参数的测定。