白云鄂博矿床霓石的研究

霓石是白云鄂博矿床主要含铁硅酸盐矿物。本文采用俄歇能谱、穆斯堡尔谱、X射线衍射、红外光谱及电子探针等现代测试手段研究了该矿床中两种霓石样品(AW-1、AW-2)的特征及差异。研究表明,它们均呈长柱状晶体,AW-1端部较尖锐,AW-2端部较粗钝。晶体化学式及晶胞参数分别为:AW-1:(Na_(1.269)Ca_(0.001))_(1.270)(Fe_(0.755)Mg_(0.045)Al_(0.063)Ti_(0.003))_(0.666)Si_(2.043)O_6,a=0.9635nm,b=0.8782nm,c=0.5290nm;AW-2:(Na_(1.64)Ca_(0.016))_(1.18)(Fe_(0.902)Mg_(0.002)Al_(0.089) Ti_(0.007) Ce_(0.002) Mn_(0.002))_(1.004) Si_(1.947)O_6,a=0.9636nm b=0.8772nm c=0.5307nm。AW-1较AW-2晶形完整,晶体破裂主要是沿着垂直于Fe—O方向断裂,断裂面存在大量Fe~(3+)和少量Si~(4+),无明显Na~+存在,且讨论了其选矿意义。     

四川渡口地区发现绿铬矿(Eskolaite)

绿铬矿发现于四川渡口的石墨矿床中。矿物呈浅绿-墨绿色,条痕淡绿色,包裹于3T白云母中,结晶化学式Cr-1:(Cr_(1.99)Mn_(0.004)Fe_(0.0035)Ti_(0.001)Mg_(0.003))_(2.0015)0_(2.997);Cr-2:(Cr_(1.99)Mn_(0.0026)Fe_(0.005)Ti_(0.005)Mg_(0.003))_(2.0011)O_(2.996);晶胞参数α=0.495nm;c=1.360nm;V=28.858nm~3;Z=6;D_x=5.24g·cm~(     

黑云母热光性的研究

一、概述本文研究的黑云母(少铁黑云母Meroxen),颜色为黑褐色,折射率Ng=1.6112,光轴角(-)2V=4°,色散V>γ.其化学成分(重量%)如下:SiO_2 36.95,Al_2O_3 16.69,Fe_2O_3 1.94,FeO6.37,MgO 20.22,CaO 0.14,Na_2O 0.45,K_2O 9.63,H_2O~+ 3.96,H_2O~- 0.68,TiO_2 2.38,P_2O_5 0.12,MnO O.12,F 0.62,总和为100.27.晶体化学式为:(K_(0.90)Na_(0.06)Ca_(0.01))_(0.97)(Mg_(2.21)Fe_(0.39)~(2+)Fe_(0.11)~(3+)Mn_(0.01)Ti_(0.13)Al_(0.15))_(3.00)(Si_(2.71)Al_(1.29))_(4.00)O_(10)(O_(1.23)OH_(0.62)F_(0.15))_(2.00).从常温到1500℃,每隔100℃,在高温炉内加热一个样品,恒温一小时后取出淬火.对加热后的样品分别作了肉眼及光性鉴定,其中折射率用油浸法,光轴角用弗氏台干涉图法测定.     

凤成石:异性石族矿物N(5)位贫钠的空位类似物新种

作为异性石族矿物新种凤成石是首个该族已知成员中N(5)位贫Na且以空位居优的类似物,其理想化学式为:Na_(12)□_3Ca_6(Fe~(3+),□)_3Zr_3Si(Si_(25)O_(73))(H_2O)_3(OH)_2。它发现于我国东北辽宁省凤城市赛马钠质碱性正长岩内,多呈它形-半自形晶产出,单个晶体粒径1~7mm,最大粒径者>1.5cm。与之共生的矿物有微斜长石、正长石、钠长石、霞石和钠角闪石亚族矿物、霓石、榍石和闪叶石族矿物、"贫钠的层硅钛铈矿"("Napoor rinkite")、钛铌钙铈矿、钠锆石、锆石、铁金云母、氟磷灰石、富稀土的羟硅磷灰石和何作霖矿等。矿物为半透明-透明,玻璃光泽,条痕白色,性脆,摩氏硬度约5,偶见不完全解理和裂开,一轴晶正光性。N_e=1.607,N_o=1.603。凤成石属三方晶系,具R3m空间群;a=1.42467(6)nm,c=3.00330(2)nm,V=5.27908(50)nm~3,Z=3。6条强粉晶衍射线[面网间距(衍射强度)(指标化)]是:0.7186(55)(110),0.5761(44)(113),0.4187(53)(123),0.3201(47)(028),0.2978(61)(135)和0.2857(100)(044)。16点矿物成分的电子探针等分析均值为:Na_2O 11.64%,K_2O 0.52%,CaO 8.96%,MgO 0.07%,SrO_3.53%,BaO 0.02%,MnO0.10%,FeO 0.69%,Mn_2O_30.92%,Fe_2O_35.98%,La_2O_30.12%,Ce_2O_30.23%,Nd_2O_30.13%,Sc_2O_30.01%,TiO_20.38%,ZrO_211.72%,Nb_2O_50.23%,SiO_251.73%,Cl 1.13%,H_2O 2.09%,O≡Cl-0.26%,总量100.14%。根据晶体结构精测和(O+OH+F+Cl)=78计算的矿物经验化学式:[(Na_(3.00)Na_(3.00))Σ_(6.00)(Na_(5.28)K_(0.33)□_(0.39))]_(12.00)□_(2.71)Sr_(0.20)REE_(0.09))_(3.00)Ca_(4.80)Sr_(0.82)Fe_(0.29)~(2+)Mg_(0.05)Mn_(0.04)~(2+))_(6.00)(Fe_(2.25)~(3+)Mn_(0.35)~(3+)Cr_(0.08)□_(0.32))_(3.00)(Zr_(2.86)Ti_(0.09)Nb_(0.05))_(3.00)(Si_(0.87)Ti_(0.05)□_(0.08))_(1.00)Si_(1.00)(Si_(24.00)O_(72.00))[(H_2O)_(2.93)O_(1.00)(OH)_(0.07)]_(3.00)[(OH)_(1.04)Cl_(0.96_]_(2.00)。矿物实测密度2.93g/cm~3;计算密度2.88g/cm~3。基于野外和室内研究,借鉴有关合成异性石族矿物的实验资料,凤成石由一类富REE、U、Th、Zr、和挥发分的钠质碱性正长岩岩浆直接结晶而成。     

首次发现锰副硅灰石

锰副硅灰石是副硅灰石一个新变种矿物,为国内外首次发现。产于我国内蒙古矽卡岩型铅锌矿床中。矿物属于单斜晶系,空间群C_(2h)~5-P2_(1/c),晶胞参数a=1.47213,b=0.70489,c=0.69055nm,β=95.827°±0.03,V=0.71289nm~3,Z=12。化学分子式为(Ca_(0.75)Mn_(0.19)Fe_(0.068))_(1.00)Si_(1.00)O_3,属于硅灰石亚族矿物。     

平均成分为Ca_(0.43)Mn_(0.69)Mg_(0.82)Si_2O_6单斜辉石的出溶关系 X—射线衍射和电子探针分析

一种取自纽约州 Balmat 的辉石,其平均成分是 Ca_(0.43),Mn_(0.69),Mg_(0.82),Si_2O_6;被解释为 p2_1/c 和 c2/c 两种相共存。如晶胞参数 M_1和—O 与 M_2-0键长的平均值与成分所绘制的关系图那样,其精测结构是部分通过研究各个单相的成分获得的。占位情况表明,这两种相是锰透辉石和锰易变辉石(kanoite)。透射电子显微照片揭示,这些相是呈页片状的,共(001),并以此为相间边界,页片宽为2000(?)。单个页片的 x—射线能散分析表明,C2/c 相的平均成分为 Ca_(0.68),Mn_(0.44),Mg_(0.88),Si_2O_6;P_(21)/c 相的平均成分为 Ca_(0.12),Mn_(1.02),Mg_(0.86),Si_2O_6。暗场照片揭示,在 p2_1/c 相中有反相晶畴边界的存在,表明在 Ca—Mn—Mg 辉石体系中,其贫 Ca 相存在着一个 C2/c—P2_1/c相的转变。原地加热实验得到 C2/c—P2_1/c 相的转换温度为330±20℃。通过加热,根据在转换温度前后的反相边界(APB—antiphaseboundary 的编写—编者注)位置的观测,得知 APB 位置基本上不改变,表明 APB′S 的稳定是通过 Ca 的富集或 APB′S 的某些晶体缺陷来实现的。横切页片边界(001)的晶格条纹照片表明,其界面是半连贯或完全连贯的。由于旋节分解或成核作用以及后期缓慢冷却,使得这一作为区域变质相的结构特征与原始的出溶结构相一致。     

湖南首次发现累托石

累托石发现于辰溪县西北部一个水晶矿床的泥质物中。呈白色板状或片状,镜下呈纤维状。油脂光泽,比重2.25。SiO_2和Al_2O_3的含量分别为50.78％和33.69％,F_2O_3、FeO、MgO、K_2O、Na_2O、CaO、MnO和P_2O_5的总含量为4.91％。化学式为(Na_(0.415),Fe,K_(0.025),Mg_(0.018),Ca_(0.015))_(0.519)(H_3O)~+{Al_2[Al_(0.582)Si_(3.418)O_(10)](OH)_2}·3H_2O。     

拜城县黑英山霞石正长岩矿物学特征研究

霞石正长岩是重要的炼铝资源和陶瓷、玻璃原料。文中利用扫描电镜、X衍射、红外线、电子探针等,综合分析方法对黑英山霞石正长岩的矿物学特征作了详细研究。着重描述了岩石的矿物组合、矿物生成及变化特征。对主要矿物进行了化学成分及X衍射分析,测得霞石成分:SiO_243.66％,Al_2O_330.97％,K_2O4.23％,Na_2O18.46％(Na_2O高于其它地区的霞石)。根据霞石单矿物实测成分计算出其晶体化学分子式为:(K_(0.525)Na_(3.528)Ca_(0.012))_(4.065)[Cr_(0.010)Al-(3.559)Mg_(0.009)Fe_(0.054)Mn_(0.012)Ti_(0.008)Si_(4.258)O_(16)];测得霞石的主要X衍射d值为:0.302～0.303,0.386～0.389,0.1388～0.1391(nm)。测得微斜长石的成分:SiO_264.82％,Al_2O_319.68％,K_2O11.77％,Na_2O2.30％,求得其三斜度△=0.83～1.00,属低微斜长石。通过霞石正长岩中钾长石与霞石矿物中对K原子分配值计算和作图,解得矿物生成温度为400～500℃。测得岩石中的钠长石主要为低钠长石,属后期交代矿物。     

建水矿—一个黑锌锰矿族镁端元的新矿物

建水矿是一种类似黑锌锰矿的含镁新矿物,它是含锰白云岩在表生条件下衍变的产物。建水矿的单晶细小,(5×0.5μm),不透明,棕～棕黑色,密度3.50～3.60g/cm~3。平均反射率(SiC标准,空气中)23.0%,470nm;19.9%,546nm;19.1%,589nm;18.6%。650nm。化学成分(%);CaO1.97,MgO5.29,MnO8.02,MnO_267.65,H_2O~+13.37,K_2O0.00,Zn0.00,SiO_21.20,Al_2O_30.78,P_2O_50.59,Fe_2O_30.52,总计99.39。实验式:(Mg_(0.51)Mn_(0.44)~(2+)Ca_(0.08)_(Σ1.03)Mn_(3.03)~(4+)O_(7.10)2.90H_2O。X射线衍射和红外图谱类似于黑锌锰矿。三斜晶系,空间群。晶胞参数a=0.7534(4)nm,b=0.7525(6)nm,c=0.8204(8)nm,a=89.753(8)°,β=117.375(6)°,γ=120.000(6)°在同一矿区还曾发现少量接近镁端元的建水矿,其化学成分(%)为:MgO 8.52,CaO 2.03,MnO 0.92。MnO_2 68.49,H_2O~+12.60,SiO_23.94,Al_2O_30.91,Fe_2O_3 1.41,P_2O_5 1.63,总计100.45扣除杂质后得到的实验式为:(Mg_(0.85)Mn_(0.05))_(Σ0.91) Mn_(3.15)~(4+)O_(7.20)·2.80H_2O。     

新矿物报导

我国自1984年9月到现在为止,经国际矿物协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物命名委员会(CNMMN)批准的新矿物又有6个,它们是: 二连石Erlianite(Fe_(9.90)~(2+)Mgo_(0.66)Ca_(0.40)Mn_(0.21)Ti_(0.13)Na_(0.08)K_(0.04))_(11.42)(Fe_(7.11)~(3+)Al_(0.10)P_(0.02))     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861