主题公园声景观优化研究——以常州中华恐龙城为例

声景观是旅游景观研究的新领域,声景观的设计思想为景观研究与开发提供了新的理念.以常州中华恐龙城为例,研究游客对主题公园声景观的舒适度感知.研究发现,游客的声舒适度受到声音客观参数和主观感知的影响,当声景观音量处于特定阈值内时,游客声舒适度体验最为满意,同时游客对能够传递主题公园文化内涵的声音元素最为敏感.在此基础上,运用正设计、负设计和零设计的方法,提出了主题公园声景观优化设计的思路.     

绵山风铃

我在大同下矿井的时候，就听说过五台山白塔寺那风铃的传说，后来几经走访多方了解便写了散文《悠悠风铃声》；在朔州崇福寺听说这里的风铃曾因一高官嫌烦而责令摘掉但百姓又吊挂起来的故事，便写了《又听风铃声》。大概是因为这些原因吧，我似乎是对风铃有了一种偏爱。或者说是有了浓厚的     

威德尔海豹发声的信号特征初步研究

根据威德尔海豹在不同生态行为下发出的声信号资料,对其声信号特征进行分析研究。结果表明,威德尔海豹的声信号与生态行为息息相关。威德尔海豹伴随生态行为发出的声信号主要是由脉冲列和连续波组成。脉冲列的持续时间为２．２～４８ｍｓ,间隔在４．４～２８ｍｓ,频段范围在８６１Ｈｚ～５ｋＨｚ,谱峰分别在１．６ｋＨｚ、２．９ｋＨｚ和４ｋＨｚ处出现;连续波声信号的频段范围在１０２Ｈｚ～４．４ｋＨｚ,谱峰分别出现在４１９Ｈｚ、４８６Ｈｚ、６６３Ｈｚ、８２９Ｈｚ和１．２ｋＨｚ处。     

声景学及其在旅游地理研究中的应用

声音是旅游者旅游体验的活动构成要素之一,也是强化旅游者对旅游地地方感知的重要内容,对于塑造旅游者完整深刻的旅游体验具有重要意义。从旅游地理研究的现状来看,在旅游资源开发利用、旅游产品包装设计、旅游设施空间配置、旅游形象塑造构建、目的地营销拓展等方面,研究者普遍关注了旅游系统中的视觉要素,对听觉、嗅觉、触觉等其他要素却关注得较少。基于此,在对旅游系统中声音要素进行重要性分析的基础上,将声景学及其相关理念引入旅游研究的范畴,为研究旅游系统中与声音相关的现象和关系提供了新的视角,并指出了拓展现有旅游地理研究的一个重要方向。声景学的引入,对完善和深化旅游地理研究具有重要意义。     

泥石流地声参数传播特征值的测试与分析

应用新的地声参数测试仪,在现场采集了多阵泥石流地声信号,并对数据进行了初步分析处理,提出泥石流地声参数值的大小与检测距离有关,地声波的衰减系数与埋设传感器地点的岩体质地有关,利用泥石流地声随距离变化的衰减系数,从而建立泥石流怕报警门槛值。     

泥石流自动化观测系统

东川泥石流自动化观测系统是在原有的半自动化监测系统基础上研制完成的。它通过综控中心、地声遥测、泥位遥测、雨量遥测、有线泥位和冲击力接口六个子系统共同完成对泥石流构成的一些主要参数包括降雨量、地声强度、泥位高度、表面平均流速、冲击力强度等数据进行同步采样并储存；系统对现代软硬件技术的广泛运用使该系统具有很高的智能性和可扩充性。     

NJ—2A泥石流地声报警器研制与应用

八十年代初我们开始对泥石流地声（振动）特征值与泥石流活动关系进行了研究，研制成功“泥石流地声警报器”等，并先后在蒋家沟和长江上游三省六个站点安装使用了8套仪器，其中有5套“AJ－2A地声遥测警报器”在5个预警报站安装使用，其中宁南县城后山史家沟1991年成功监测5场泥石流，并发出预报警。使观测人员能及时进入观测现场，收集各种泥石流资料并随时监视着泥石流的发展趋势，一旦泥石流进一步发展可能给当地人民生命财产造成危害时就能及时发生报警。通过上述成功监测实例又一次证明“泥石流地声警报器”进行泥石流防灾防警是可行的。本文还就“泥石流地声警报器”的报警工作原理和性能特点进行了论述。     

构造应力场数值模拟在哈密凹陷四道沟地区TK／2储层裂颖预？…

哈密凹陷位于新疆东部三大板块的结合部位,内部构造复杂。本文利用数值分析方法,模拟了凹陷内四道沟构造ＴＫ／２层的构造应力场。结果表明：该层古构造应力分布不均匀,可划分出２个应力集中区、１个应力异常区,其余为正常应力区;根据岩石破裂试验以及构造应力模拟计算结果,制定了该区裂缝的定量评价标准;依据该标准,预测评价出该区的裂缝发育的Ⅱ级区１个、Ⅲ组区２个,其余为裂缝不发育区。     

伦敦湿地中心声景质量感知调查及启示

人工湿地规划与设计是城市人居环境改善和提升的主要途径之一。近年来,人工湿地景观设计的重点已经由视觉审美向听觉审美延伸,声景质量研究备受关注。2019年7～9月,在英国伦敦湿地中心开展了实地调研,录制了短视频和音频,拍摄了照片;采用理性技术分析和主观语义分析方法,利用采集到的视听资料,参考声学行业对噪声界定的标准,研究了伦敦湿地中心的声景质量状况。研究结果表明,民航客机和直升机产生的噪声是伦敦湿地中心最主要的噪声源;鸟鸣声和飞机的飞行噪声是声景的主体,访客对飞机飞行声、鸟鸣声、风声、风吹植物声、雨声、水声、蛙鸣声、混合声、昆虫鸣声、儿童嬉戏声、谈话声、雷电声、水獭(Lutra lutra)声的关注程度依次变低;英国伦敦湿地中心西线的声景质量明显高于南线;伦敦湿地中心的声景质量有待进一步改善,中国城市湿地公园的建设也可以从中得到借鉴。     

东南极大陆边缘地区夏季近地面层风场特征分析

本文介绍了“2007-2008国际极地年”期间在南极东部大陆边缘伊丽莎白公主地区进行的风场结构观测实验。自动气象站(Automatic Weather Station,AWS)观测数据的统计分析结果表明,夏季该地区冰盖上的近表面风场主要是由下降风控制,而沿海地区的风场则由于海陆热力学性质的差异呈现出冰盖下降风与局地海陆风交互作用的特点。个例研究表明在冰盖下降风占优时段内,伊丽莎白公主地区的近表面风场具有相当规律的日变化特征,太阳人射辐射规律的日变化是这一现象出现的根本原因。多普勒声雷达对风场垂直结构的观测表明,150 m以下的各高度水平风矢量的变化特征与近地面层风场近似一致,冰盖下降风和海陆风旺盛阶段,偏东风和偏西风的高度可达650 m之高。     

鸣沙景观的地理分布及发声机理

鸣沙这种神奇的自然现象和自然景观,被认为是一种极具科学奥秘的自然遗产与地质景观,更是一种独特的声景观（soundscape）和重要的旅游资源与旅游景观。回顾和总结国内外鸣沙报导的最新发现和科学进展,总结全球鸣沙的地理分布,发现了其分布特征。鸣沙机理的探索依然是科学热点,但方兴未艾,迄今尚无系统完整而普遍认同的科学解释。基于摩擦发声、气垫发声、剪切面发声、压电发声、共鸣箱发声等5种鸣沙的主要发声假说,结合现代实验室的科学试验,归纳出剪切运动发声、沙粒结构可鸣性、共鸣箱共鸣的鸣沙机理。展望未来的鸣沙景观研究与应用,有必要系统研究鸣沙地质景观、鸣沙声景观和鸣沙旅游景观的多元视角的领域实践,全面探讨鸣沙的科研科考、科普教育、游憩审美、经济开发等理论价值和现实功能。     

极尖纬度午后极光嘶声的极大发生率

极尖纬度午后区是一个异常等离子体过程区，已发现该区在低地磁扰动条件下，多种空间物理现象活动强度极大（相对邻区）：强的向上场向电流，向下低能电子流极大，向上离子通量极大，Ｆ层电子密度极大等等。导致该区异常的根本原因尚不清楚。本文利用南极点站（磁纬约７５°）的极光嘶声的电场强度进行统计分析，发现该区３１－３８ｋＨｚ波段极光嘶声的发生率极大。本文还分析了该区极光嘶声发生率与地磁活动指数Ａｐ的关系，结果表明，它们之间有明显的相关关系。     

西藏扎墨公路嘎隆拉隧道岩爆倾向性实验研究

岩爆是高地应力山区硬岩隧道施工主要地质灾害之一,岩爆倾向性分析是研究、预测岩爆的主要方法。西藏扎(木)墨(脱)公路嘎隆拉隧道埋深大,地应力高,岩性主要为花岗岩,发生岩爆的可能性大。结合嘎隆拉隧道工程实践,在隧道钻取了岩芯试样,进行了岩石单轴压缩实验、单轴压缩加载和卸载实验以及Kaiser效应声发射实验,开展了岩爆倾向性研究。实验结果表明,岩石冲击性能指标WCF(峰值荷载以前的能量积累与峰后的能量耗散之间的比值)皆>3.0,大多数试样的弹性变形能指数WET(全应力—应变曲线峰值前区卸载曲线下面的面积与加卸载曲线之间的面积之比)>2.5,岩石具有强岩爆倾向;岩石声发射(AE)撞击数累计数-时间曲线特征属于第III类,当应力接近峰值时声发射突然迅速增大,岩石很快发生突然而猛烈的破坏,其岩爆倾向性强。隧道施工实践表明,在研究区段有岩爆现象发生,但由于地下水较发育,定为弱岩爆现象。岩爆倾向性研究为嘎隆啦隧道安全施工和支护设计优化提供了信息,也为西藏复杂地质条件下类似工程建设提供一定的借鉴。     

文化地理学视角下的声景研究及相关进展

声景是文化景观的重要构成,在塑造地域文化个性、培育地方身份认知、确立居民地方感知等方面,具有特殊价值和独特优势.随着声景理念的不断推广,基于地理学视角对声景时空特征、空间意义和社会文化关联等方面的研究,不仅拓展和深化了文化地理学的研究内容,而且促进了地理学与声景学跨学科研究的融合发展.本文在对声景概念进行简单介绍的基础上,从声景的时空分异特征、声景与地方感知、声景与居民福祉、声景的社会文化关联、声景的地理实践应用、特殊音乐声景的地理学研究等6 个方面,对文化地理学视角下的声景研究进行了系统的回顾和梳理,并以此构建了地理学视角下声景研究的逻辑框架.在此基础上,对比分析了国内外地理学视角下声景研究的特点和差异.国内文化地理学以音乐现象为主要基点,并逐渐扩展到音乐之外的其他声音类型;国外学者在音乐地理学之外,相对系统地采纳了声景学的理念和方法,拓展了地理学视角下声景研究的方法和路径.研究结果对拓展文化地理学的研究内容,实现基于声景为研究对象的地理学与其他学科的融合发展具有一定意义.     

将网络地理信息资源融入到地理教学中

MapStatsforKids是美国联邦政府专门为14～16岁的中学生开发的一个学习网站。该网站旨在通过图文声并茂的网络文本和富有趣味性的在线学习游戏,教会学生分析各种统计数据、图表与地图,并将其应用到日常生活中,从而提高地理素养。我国的地理教师可以根据实际情况,从MapStatsforKids上选择新颖实用的地理信息资源,自然融人到地理教学中,为地理课堂增光添彩。     

美丽中国建设——人地和谐共生理论与评估指标体系及应用

The Beautiful China Initiative(BCI)is a plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation as well as for China to fulfill the United Nations’2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The Chinese government’s“five-in-one”approach provides strategic arrangements for developing the BCI,and President Xi Jinping proposed a timetable and“road map”for the BCI at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection.Nevertheless,the theoretical basis,evaluation index system,evaluation criteria and effectiveness of the BCI are currently unclear.This paper begins by exploring the basic content of the BCI from narrow and broad perspectives.It regards the theory of human-nature harmonious coexistence and the five-in-one beauty theory as the core theoretical bases of the BCI and constructs a five-element BCI evaluation index system(ecological environment,green development,social harmony,system perfection and cultural heritage)and utilizes the assessment method of the United Nations’Human Development Index to assess scientifically the effectiveness of the BCI in 341 prefecture-level cities.The results show the average BCI index(the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beauty Index)score to be 0.28,which is quite low,while the average scores for the individual element indexes of the ecological environment index,green development index,social harmony index,system perfection index and cultural heritage index are 0.6,0.22,0.29,0.22 and 0.07,respectively.All of these are relatively low values,with relatively large discrepancies in regional development,indicating that progress in the BCI is generally slow and unbalanced.To realize the BCI’s timetable and roadmap to a high quality and high standard,it is suggested that a common system for evaluating the progress of the BCI is developed and promulgated so that dynamic monitoring and phased evaluations can take place;BCI technical assessment standards are compiled and published;BCI comprehensive zoning is undertaken;pilot projects adapted to local conditions are launched in BCI sample areas;and BCI results are incorporated into performance indicators at all levels of government.     

9.5–2.3 ka BP燕辽地区考古文化演变及其遗址的时空分布（英文）

With basic information from 8353 archaeological sites, this study describes a holistic spatial-temporal distribution pattern of archaeological sites of the prehistoric culture sequence from 9.5 ka BP (ka BP = thousands of years before 0 BP, where "0 BP" is defined as the year AD 1950) to 2.3 ka BP in the region that extends from the Yanshan Mountains to the Liaohe River Plain(i.e., the Yan-Liao region) in northern China. Based on spatial statistics analysis – including the spatial density of the sites and Geographic Information System nearest-neighbour analysis, combined with a review of environmental and climatic data – this paper analyses cultural evolution, the spatial-temporal features of the archaeological sites and human activities against the backdrop of climatic and environmental changes in this region. The results reveal that prehistoric cultural evolution in the Yan-Liao region is extensively influenced by climatic and environmental changes. The Xinglongwa, Zhaobaogou and Fuhe cultures, which primarily developed during a habitable period from 8.5 ka BP to 6.0 ka BP with strong summer monsoons, have similar maximum density values, spatial patterns and subsistence strategies dominated by hunting-gathering. Significant changes occurred in the Hongshan and Lower Xiajiadian cultures, with a significant increase in numbers and densities of sites and a slump in average nearest-neighbour ratio when the environment began to deteriorate starting in 6.0 ka BP. Additionally, with the onset of a weak summer monsoon and the predominance of primitive agriculture, sites of these two cultures present a different type of concentric circle-shaped pattern in space. As the environment continuously deteriorated with increasing aridity and the spread of steppe, more sites were distributed towards the south, and primitive agriculture was replaced by livestock husbandry in the Upper Xiajiadian culture. The most densely populated areas of the studied cultures are centralized within a limited area. The Laohahe River and Jiaolaihe River basins formed the core area in which most archaeological sites were distributed during the strong summer monsoon period and the first few thousand years of the weak summer monsoon period.     

自然保护地旅游人地关系演进过程研究——以博格达为例

Protected areas have a double mandate of both "protection" and "use." Naturebased tourism is considered an effective tool in terms of environmental conservation. Understanding the causes and consequences of a spatiotemporal succession of tourism construction is an important channel to explore the changes of tourism-environment interaction in the protected area. To analyze the spatio-temporal variations in tourism construction lands, we adopted Mt. Bogda as an example. We systematically quantified the interaction between these changes and environmental variables and explored the evolution process of tourism-environment interaction of the mountainous protected area in the northwest arid region. Our results revealed the following:(1) In the Bogda protected area, the proportion of tourism construction lands first appeared to be increasing, then decreasing dramatically, and finally growing slowly. The spatial expansion of tourism construction lands followed the "core-periphery" pattern, respectively showing shapely infilling, reasonable agglomeration, barycenter shift, and outlying growth from 1990 to 2018 as the stages of concentrating on the core.(2) The higher land-use intensity of tourism construction drove the changes of landscape fragmentation, diversity, stability, primitive, and nature degree in the protected area. The coupling coordination between tourism and the environment in the Bogda area decreased at first, and then slowly increased. Meanwhile, tourism did not cause irreversible damage to the natural environment, and the coupling coordination degree between tourism and the environment was still in the state of balanced development. It expressed the states of original balanced, development exceeds environment and barely balanced, and superiorly balanced. The historical evolution of tourism-environment interaction in Bogda reflects the pattern of periodic changes in China’s protected areas to a certain extent.