MORB数据挖掘:玄武岩判别图反思

板块构造学说推动了玄武岩理论的完善和进步,从20世纪70年代兴起的玄武岩构造环境判别方法成为学术界关注的热点,虽然现在逐渐降温了,但在国内仍然倍受青睐。大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)是拥有数据最多、数据质量最好、研究得最详细的玄武岩类,是构建玄武岩理论的基石。本文利用Pet DB数据库资料(http://www.earthchem.org/petdb/search),对全球MORB数据进行了初步的挖掘,发现早先的玄武岩构造环境判别方法的理论、思路需要进一步的完善。早先研究认为,N-MORB是强烈亏损的。但本文研究却显示,MORB成分具有较宽的变化范围,包含了从MORB到OIB及IAB的组分,即部分MORB并不是亏损的,而是相对富集的。因此,玄武岩构造环境判别理论及方法有待进一步的完善。     

基于GEOROC数据库的全球辉长岩大数据的大地构造环境智能判别研究

辉长岩是化学成分与玄武岩类似的侵入岩,前人认为它的形成过程太复杂,对应的岩浆可能经过了分离结晶作用、混染作用等,不能用Pearce判别图来判断岩浆岩形成的构造环境。本文利用GEOROC数据库的资料对辉长岩进行大数据挖掘。首先根据前人成果,将GEOROC数据库的辉长岩形成的大地构造环境分为大陆玄武岩环境、汇聚边界环境、板内火山岩环境和大洋岛弧玄武岩环境等4类;然后在数据清洗基础上,利用Python语言,依托sklearn库,实现支持向量机、K近邻和随机森林等3种机器学习算法,获得3种对应的分类器结果输出。对辉长岩的构造环境进行智能判别结果显示,随机森林方法效果最好,判断准确率可达97%,利用辉长岩的地球化学大数据来判断岩浆岩的构造环境是完全可行的。     

Synorogenic psammites: Major lithochemical features

Some lithochemical features of sandstone associations formed at the orogenic stage of the evolution of mobile belts are analyzed on the basis of literature and original data along with the wide application of discrimination diagrams. Psammites of the flysch and molasse formations of foreland basins, as well as sand-stones from intermontane troughs and postcollisonal grabens, are considered synorogenic sediments. Analysis of the chemical composition showed that sandstones were formed by the mixing of clastic material from heterogeneous (proximal included) source areas. In discrimination diagrams, the compositional fields of sandstones are variable, because they were derived from diverse igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks of different geodynamic settings. Hence, data based on the generally accepted discrimination diagrams cannot be considered as the single (decisive) argument for establishing the geodynamic nature of sandstones without the consideration of textural-structural features of rocks and the analysis of geological structure of sedimentary associations therein.     

N-MORB和E-MORB数据挖掘——玄武岩判别图及洋中脊源区地幔性质的讨论

MORB分为N-MORB和E-MORB,二者的区分通常是以LREE亏损和富集为标志。玄武岩的基本理论主要是在MORB研究成果的基础上建立起来的。通常认为,N-MORB和OIB是两个独立的端元,E-MORB是N-MORB与OIB不同程度混合形成的。在20世纪70~80年代,玄武岩构造环境判别图的建立极大促进了玄武岩在地球动力学及大地构造背景研究的进展,其方法应用持续盛行了几十年。然而,国外学者现在已逐渐淡化玄武岩判别图解的应用,但在中国仍有方兴未艾之势。本文利用Pet DB数据库5万多个MORB数据的投图表明,全体样品投图的效果显然比抽样和典型样品得出的结果更扎实可靠,许多原先被广泛应用的主量、微量元素判别图无论从实践上还是理论上均存在一些问题。本文的研究结果进一步表明,MORB样品既有LREE亏损的,又有富集的,但亏损和富集程度与早先定义的差异较大,揭示了洋脊下地幔不均一性要比早先认识的更为复杂,成分范围变化更大,仅少数是强烈亏损的,部分可能是相当富集,甚至可以与OIB源区相类比;玄武岩构造环境判别图需要重新审视,基于岩浆成因机理的多维度、高置信度的判别体系有待于建立。     

磷灰石Eu/Y-Ce:基于大数据的源区类型判别新图解SCIEI北大核心CSCD

磷灰石广泛分布于火成岩、沉积岩和变质岩中,是一种常见的、包含丰富微量元素的副矿物。磷灰石晶格可容纳丰富的微量元素,且因其形成的物理化学条件不同会表现出差异明显的微量元素特征。利用磷灰石微量元素特征可以追踪物质来源和演化。现在常用的方法是利用磷灰石的微量元素绘制二元判别图解,经典判别图解包括Sr-Y、Sr-Mn、Y-(Eu/Eu^(*))和(Ce/Yb)_(N)-REE图解。随着微区测试技术发展,磷灰石微量元素数据日渐丰富,同时由于磷灰石化学成分的复杂性,传统图解已逐渐无法有效利用这些数据所携带的信息,进而无法准确判别其生成环境。建立能准确判别磷灰石物源的新型判别图解故而迫切。近年来,磷灰石微量元素数据的大量积累,为运用以大数据为依托,准确判别磷灰石物源奠定了数据基础。本研究将大数据技术与地球化学数据相结合,共收集整理了1925个代表性磷灰石测试点的微量元素数据,对富碱性火成岩、超镁铁质岩石、镁铁质火成岩、长英质花岗岩、中-低级变质岩、高级变质岩六种类型中磷灰石微量元素数据进行穷举端元处理,共获得7140个磷灰石物源判别图解端元组合,在轮廓系数限定下,进一步有效筛选并提取出能判别磷灰石物源类型的最优图解端元。本文构建了Eu/Y-Ce磷灰石判别新图解,相较于之前的磷灰石判别图解,其涵盖了更全面的物源类型,可以更准确地判别源区类型。     

An evaluation of the Rb vs. (Y + Nb) discrimination diagram to infer tectonic setting of silicic igneous rocks

The most commonly used tectonic discrimination diagrams for granites were introduced by Pearce et al. [Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W., Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J. Petrol. 25, 956–983.]. Since then, many studies have shown that some granites defy classification or their geochemical assignment does not fit with the geodynamic environment in which they are thought to have formed. In this paper we evaluate the performance of the Pearce et al. tectonic discrimination method, specifically, the most widely-used Rb-(Y + Nb) diagram, using a new data base of over 250 occurrences worldwide, the tectonic settings of which are fairly well known. We conclude that a correlation of geochemistry and tectonic position exists, but that ambiguities and misclassifications arise from one or both of the following factors. First, complex or polyphase orogeny can mix source rocks of different tectonic provenance. This is common in continental arcs and collisional settings, which can be closely associated in space and time with extensional regimes. Second, differentiation can produce compositional trends which cross field boundaries, especially the VAG to WPG boundary. One can minimize this problem by using less felsic, noncumulate members of cogenetic series.

We demonstrate the inherent weaknesses of trace element tectonic discrimination diagrams. Such diagrams are of little use if applied alone, but they can be valuable in combination with other methods such as dating and geologic assessment.     

Plate tectonic settings for Precambrian basic rocks from Brazil by multidimensional tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams and their limitations

Multidimensional discrimination diagrams (2006–2011) for basic and ultrabasic igneous rocks were applied to Precambrian rock suites from the Amazonian and São Francisco cratons, and the Tocantins Province, Brazil, to infer their possible tectonic settings. The chosen study cases in the Amazonian craton include the ca. 3.0 Ga metabasalts of the Identidade greenstone belt, 1.87–1.80 Ga Parauapebas anorogenic basalt-rhyolite dikes, 1.86–1.82 Ga Rio Branco anorogenic gabbro-basalt association, ca. 1.76–1.74 Ga Aripuanã and Teles Pires intracratonic basalt-felsic volcanic associations, and 1.76–1.74 Ga Jamari and 1.60–1.53 Ga Serra da Providência arc-related gabbroic rocks. In the São Francisco craton, we selected 1.48 Ga arc-related amphibolites of the Rio Capim greenstone belt, continental mafic dikes of Uauá (2.6 Ga), Curaçá and Chapada Diamantina (1.5 Ga), and Espinhaço (ca. 1.0 Ga). In the Tocantins Province, ca. 3.0 Ga komatiites associated with oceanic basalts of the Crixás and Guarinos greenstone belts were studied. The application of the diagrams generally provided consistent results with the authors’ proposed tectonic settings based on field relationships and geochemical data. The exceptions are some within-plate (continental) mafic dikes and basalts for which our diagrams do not work well. For comparison, we also used two ternary and two bivariate traditional discrimination diagrams for the data from the Amazonian craton, whose results were poorer than the newer multidimensional diagrams.     

Evaluation of two multidimensional discrimination diagrams from beach and deep-sea sediments from the Gulf of Mexico and their application to Precambrian clastic sedimentary rocks

Two discriminant-function-based multidimensional major-element diagrams for the tectonic discrimination of siliciclastic sediments were recently published from a coherent statistical methodology of log_e-ratio transformation and linear discriminant analysis. These diagrams were constructed based on worldwide examples of Neogene–Quaternary siliciclastic sediments from known tectonic settings. In this work, these two tectonic discrimination diagrams were first successfully tested from Holocene (<0.0117–0 Ma) beach and deep-sea sediments from the Gulf of Mexico. These diagrams were used to decipher tectonic settings of 11 case studies of the Precambrian clastic sedimentary rocks (~512–2800 Ma) from Argentina, USA, Ghana, Spain, Norway, India, China, and Australia. The test and application results obtained from these discrimination diagrams were generally consistent with the geology of the Precambrian source areas. Therefore, the two multidimensional diagrams can be considered as a useful tool for successfully discriminating the tectonic setting of older sedimentary basins, which may consist of one or more tectonic assemblages. Comparison of results of this study with the previously published tectonic discrimination diagrams is illustrated and the probable reasons for some inconsistent inferences were also discussed.     

岩石地球化学图解辅助分析软件的关键问题及解决方法

岩石地球化学图解是目前岩石地球化学研究工作中常用的有效手段,其对岩石分类、岩石和矿床的成因判别、构造环境判别和地质演化历史等方面的研究有重要的意义。通过对目前国内外常用的岩石地球化学图解辅助分析软件的分析,发现此类软件亟待解决的关键问题,即收录图解的种类和数量有限且不易扩展、使用过程自动化程度不高和软件独立性不强等。在收集整理了岩石地球化学领域8个大类、232幅图解的基础上,提出采用后缀表达式实现投点过程自动化和使用XML定义、扩展图解,按照岩石地球化学领域专家的工作流程,设计实现岩石地球化学图解成图、投点和计算软件以及CIPW等岩石地球化学常用计算方法。     

Tectonic discrimination of basalts with classification trees

Traditionally, geochemical classification of basaltic rocks of unknown tectonic affinity has been performed by discrimination diagrams. Although easy to use, this method is fairly inaccurate because it only uses bi- or trivariate data. Furthermore, many popular discrimination diagrams are statistically not very rigorous because the decision boundaries are drawn by eye, and they ignore closure, thus violating the rules of compositional data analysis. Classification trees approximate the data space by a stepwise constant function, and are a more rigorous and potentially more effective way to determine tectonic affinity. Trees allow the simultaneous use of an unlimited number of geochemical features, while still permitting visualization by an easy-to-use, two-dimensional graph. Two classification trees are presented for the discrimination of basalts of mid-ocean ridge, ocean island, and island arc affinities. The first tree uses 51 major, minor, and trace elements and isotopic ratios and should be used for the classification of fresh basalt samples. A second tree only uses high field strength element analyses and isotopic ratios, and can also be used for basalts that have undergone alteration. The probability of successful classification is 89% for the first and 84% for the second tree, as determined by 10-fold cross-validation. Even though the trees presented in this paper use many geochemical features, it is not a problem if some of these are missing in the unknown sample. Classification trees solve this problem with surrogate variables, which give more or less the same decision as the primary variables. The advantages of the classification tree approach over discrimination diagrams are illustrated by a comparative test on a sample dataset of known tectonic affinities. Although arguably better than discrimination diagrams, classification trees are not perfect, and the limitations of the method are illustrated on a published dataset of basalts from the Pindos Basin (Greece).     

Do major oxide tectonic discrimination diagrams work? Evaluating new log‐ratio and discriminant‐analysis‐based diagrams with Indian Ocean mafic volcanics and Asian ophiolites

Many geochemical diagrams exist that classify old volcanic terranes of ambiguous provenance into various modern plate tectonic settings, with variable success. Recently proposed diagrams, based on log‐ratios and linear discriminant analysis with large datasets of major oxides, were tested here with data for ocean island, arc and mid‐ocean ridge lavas from the Indian Ocean. Success rates are 45–100%, with misclassifications potentially caused by alteration, although alteration demonstrably need not cause misclassification. The diagrams were further applied to some Asian ophiolites, representing Tethyan and Indian ocean crusts, to see if the diagrams confirm their tectonic setting inferred from trace and isotopic data. Lower success rates (30–60%, but 75–100% for specific suites) are not surprising in view of the ubiquitous and complex alteration in ophiolites. Log‐ratio transformation and linear discriminant analysis appear to be powerful methods when discrimination diagrams are based on major oxide data alone.     

全球新生代安山岩构造环境有关问题探讨

20世纪70～80年代,以Pearce为代表的一批科学家先后提出了玄武岩和花岗岩的构造环境判别图,将构造环境与岩石地球化学特征有机地结合起来,为岩浆岩大地构造环境研究开辟了新途径。但学术界对全球广布的安山岩构造环境及相关地球化学特征问题的讨论则相对不足。本文利用GEOROC 和PetDB 两个数据库对全球新生代安山岩进行数据挖掘,讨论了它们的地球化学特征及形成环境。初步将全球新生代安山岩归属为12个形成构造环境,其中67.71%产出于岛弧、陆缘弧等汇聚板块边缘环境,其余安山岩则形成于大陆板内、大陆溢流、洋岛、大陆裂谷、洋中脊等构造环境。研究表明,常用的玄武岩微量元素判别图以及LILE/HFSE 玄武岩判别图均在一定程度上可用于安山岩成因及环境判别, 暗示安山岩地球化学成分也可用于构造环境的判定。采用大数据思维,探索洋岛安山岩（OIA）和岛弧安山岩（IAA）中地球化学元素的关联关系,从获得的近20 000 个OIA-IAA 判别图中选出lg（Cs/Ta）-lg（Cu/Ta）、lg（CaO/Nb）-lg（Cs/Zr）和lg（Cu/Ta）-lg（Co/Nb）等6个图解,能有效限定它们的构造环境,为安山岩成因及形成环境研究提供了新的思路。这些初步成果说明科学大数据的研究方法可成为岩浆岩构造环境及地球化学研究中的重要有效手段。     

关于岩石微量元素构造环境判别图解使用的有关问题

针对目前应用愈来愈广泛的不同岩石,特别是岩浆岩的微量元素构造环境判别图解使用过程中存在的问题,从这些判别图解建立的原理,介绍了微量元素构造环境判别图解的使用原则。强调指出所采集的样品必须新鲜(无蚀变或极弱蚀变)、非堆晶的岩石;选择的判别图解必须与判别的岩石类型相一致,即对花岗岩类要用花岗岩的判别图解,不能用玄武岩的判别图解;对特殊类型岩石要选择专门用于该类型岩石的判别图解,如碱性花岗岩,钾质火成岩;要应用多种图解综合判断;不能用单个样品,而应作多个样品分析;要注意所选择判别图解的特别说明等。此外,一些构造环境判别图解还能给出岩石的成岩过程和源区。     

全球大陆弧玄武岩（CAB）的特征——与岛弧玄武岩（IAB）和弧后玄武岩（BAB）的对比

活动陆缘玄武岩（CAB）主要出现在安第斯,早先大多认为CAB 大体相当于IAB,在许多判别图中, CAB 基本上与IAB 在一起, 只是LILE 富集和HFSE 亏损的程度略有差别而已。本文的研究表明,尽管CAB 富集LILE,但是,Nb-Ta 亏损不是非常明显。在最新的采用大数据方法厘定的判别图中,CAB 不同于IAB,不是落在IAB 区,而是位于IAB 与OIB 的过渡区域。CAB 中保留了很多OIB 的印记,说明板块俯冲时伴随有来自地幔深部的岩浆的加入,故CAB 中保留了OIB 的印记。我们的研究还发现, 在安第斯弧后盆地玄武岩具有OIB 的印记,而非MORB 的特征。本文按照大数据的思路,讨论了CAB 的特征,并与IAB、BAB 进行了初步的对比。研究表明,CAB 明显不同于IAB,CAB 兼具IAB 和OIB 的特征,但对其深度的认识还有待于今后进一步的研究。     

基于大数据方法的玄武岩大地构造环境智能挖掘判别与分析

通过玄武岩判别图推断其所形成的大地构造环境的方法由来已久,自1971年Pearce提出了构造-岩浆判别图解法之后,已涌现出了几十种不同的判别图。然而,判别图的制作过程中使用的元素的信息量少,数据样本量少,缺乏代表性,以至于其适用范围有限,且准确率不够。为提高构造环境判别过程的效率和准确性,本文提出以大数据智能挖掘方法建立判别模型,通过玄武岩的化学成分,迅速准确地对其大地构造环境进行判别。所用到的玄武岩包括三类:洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)、洋岛玄武岩(OIB)和岛弧玄武岩(IAB),样品总量为755个。首先,本文分别利用主量元素判别图和微量元素判别图对三类数据的大地构造环境进行判别,包括Ti O_2-MnO-P_2O_5、Fe O~T-MgO-Al_2O_3、Ti-Zr-Y、Zr/Y-Zr和Ti-Zr判别图。由于判别图法针对的是特定的元素或化合物,而有些样品的成份记录不完善或没有测量到有指定物质,导致无法对该样品在判别图中绘制,因此在绘制不同的判别图之前,需要筛选掉一部分数据。判别结果表明,在不考虑无效数据的情况下,Zr/Y-Zr判别图的准确率最高,可达90%以上。但如果考虑到已筛选掉的数据,上述五种图对三种岩石的判别准确率均低于75%。在利用数据挖掘算法进行判别的过程中,本文分别试验了朴素贝叶斯(NB)、K邻近(KNN)、支持向量机(SVM)和随机森林(RF)四种算法。为达到较好的识别效果,本文将所有的化合物和微量元素组成51维的参数组用于训练模型,并且不会进行任何的数据筛选,即全部被视作有效数据。训练结果表明,NB的分类结果最差,但也超过了75%,而RF训练准确率高达100%。在算法的进阶分析中,测得RF算法验证准确率可达88.46%;为提升智能算法的实用性,本文利用贝叶斯定理对算法的判别结果求逆概率,以实现"由果及因"的合理推断;同时,本文通过人为模拟数据缺失,进一步验证不同的算法的鲁棒性,并认为RF和NB是应该被优先考虑的两种算法;最后,通过提取RF中的决策树,本文对样本中元素的重要性进行了分析,并找到了对判别效果影响最大的几个主量元素和微量元素。综上所述,利用数据挖掘算法判别大地构造环境要比判别图法更为准确、迅速且功能多样,可在该领域做进一步推广应用。     

Discriminating four tectonic settings: Five new geochemical diagrams for basic and ultrabasic volcanic rocks based on log — ratio transformation of major-element data

We present five new discriminant function diagrams based on an extensive database representative of basic and ultrabasic rocks from four tectonic settings of island arc, continental rift, ocean-island, and mid-ocean ridge. These diagrams were obtained after log_e-transformation of concentration ratios of major-elements — a technique recommended for a correct statistical treatment of compositional data. Higher % success rates (overall values from ∼ 83 to 97%) were obtained for proposing these new diagrams as compared to those (∼82 to 94%) obtained from the discriminant analysis of the raw major-element concentration data (i.e., without the log_e-transformation and without taking ratios of the compositional data, but using exactly the same database to provide an unbiased comparison), suggesting that such a data transformation constitutes a statistically correct and recommended technique. The new diagrams also resulted in less mis-classification of basic and ultrabasic rocks from known tectonic settings than the diagrams obtained from the raw data. The use of these highly successful new discriminant function diagrams is illustrated using Miocene to Recent basic and ultrabasic rocks from three areas of Mexico with complex or controversial tectonic settings (Mexican Volcanic Belt, Los Tuxtlas volcanic field, and Eastern Alkaline Province), as well as older rocks from three areas (Deccan, Malani, and Bastar) of India. Additionally, the major-element data from two ‘known’ continental arc settings are used to show that they are similar to those from the island arc setting. Continental rift setting is inferred for all Mexican cases and for one cratonic area of India (Malani) and an IAB setting for the Bastar craton. The Deccan flood basalt province of India is used to warn against an indiscriminate use of those discrimination diagrams that do not explicitly include the likely setting of the area under evaluation. An Excel template is also provided for an easy application of these new diagrams for discriminating the four settings considered in this work.     

苏门答腊(印度尼西亚)的火山岩及其地球化学-构造环境判别

本文介绍了苏门答腊(印度尼西亚)火山岩的时代、分布和产状。根据火山岩的岩石化学资料,应用PetroGraph和Minpet2.0岩浆岩地球化学作图软件对60多个中、新生代火山岩岩石化学分析数据进行处理,并对其地球化学-构造环境判别图解的解释,探讨新生代火山岩盆地及其中生代-古生代基底的火山岩形成构造环境。根据这些判别图,认为苏门答腊新生代火山岩盆地基底为大陆边缘裂谷(初始裂谷),并在渐新世以后转化为大陆边缘火山弧。高钾橄榄玄粗岩系列和埃达克岩与苏门答腊火山岩体系共生,显示该区具有寻找斑岩-低温热液型铜-金矿找矿远景。     

矿物微量元素组成用于火成岩构造背景判别

火成岩中的矿物,特别是稳定副矿物的微量元素组成可用于火成岩构造–岩浆背景的判别。产于不同构造背景火成岩中单颗粒锆石原位微量元素含量的准确测定,积累了大量资料。本文介绍了用锆石微量元素含量的二维核密度分布投影,构建了U/Yb-Nb/Yb、Sc/Yb-Nb/Yb和U/Yb-Sc/Yb构造背景判别图解,可以区分洋中脊、地幔柱影响的洋岛及俯冲有关的弧(大陆弧)等不同构造背景形成的火成岩。单斜辉石、尖晶石、黑云母和角闪石的微量元素或主量元素组成同样可用于构造背景识别。     

Statistical evaluation of tectonomagmatic discrimination diagrams for granitic rocks and proposal of new discriminant-function-based multi-dimensional diagrams for acid rocks

The four tectonic discrimination diagrams of Pearce et al. [Journal of Petrology, v. 25, p. 956–983] for granitic rocks were first evaluated using the literature cited by these authors as well as from our new database. The first diagram (Y?Nb) cannot discriminate volcanic-arc and collision settings. Both Y?Nb and Yb?Ta diagrams have an overlapping field for within-plate and ocean-ridge granitoids. The remaining two diagrams (Y?+?Nb?Rb and Yb?+?Ta?Rb) use a mobile element (Rb) in their y-axis. Although these diagrams successfully discriminate volcanic-arc and within-plate granites, they perform less well for collision tectonics. Besides, felsic or acid rocks are scarce in ocean-ridge settings, which limits the usefulness of these diagrams for this geological environment. Therefore, using an extensive database, we proposed a set of five new discriminant-function-based multi-dimensional diagrams for acid magmas from four tectonic settings (island arc, continental arc, continental rift, and collision). The very similar tectonic settings of island and continental arcs are discriminated for the first time. These diagrams are based on correct statistical treatment of compositional data, because they use natural logarithm transformation of major-element ratios and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The use of discordant outlier-free samples prior to LDA improved the success rates by about 3–5%. Success rates of these diagrams as inferred from a testing set were between 76% and 88% for island arc, 60% and 92% for continental arc, and 72% and 84% for both continental rift and collision settings. Finally, application of these new diagrams to case studies not compiled in our initial database used for constructing these diagrams provided the following results: a collision setting for the Himalayas at about 30 Ma; an island arc setting for Quaternary acid rocks from geothermal boreholes in El Salvador; an island- or continental-arc setting for northern Italy at 35–52 Ma; a continental-arc setting for the Italy–Austria border at about 30 Ma; either a rift or a collision setting for northern Nigeria at about 164 Ma; a collision setting for central Nigeria at about 144 Ma and for the Cretaceous Masirah ophiolites of Oman; and an island arc setting for the Cretaceous Semail ophiolites of Oman. In spite of the relative mobility of major elements, these applications suggest utility of the new discrimination diagrams for all four tectonic settings.     

Impurity elements as geodynamic indicators of oil accumulation conditions

In view of the development of the naphtide polygenesis concept including the role of endogenous fluids in the processes of oil accumulations, the applicability of several geochemical coefficients characterizing the ratios of microelements (MEs) in oil is considered in order to identify the oil sources. By means of discrimination diagrams drawn for the average ME concentrations in oil, including the distribution coefficients of impurity elements in the systems of the melts of various alkalinity (rocks) and fluids (bitumens), it is shown that the oils of different regions are considerably different in their geochemical features.