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Li Zhai Blair J.W. Greenan John Hunter Thomas S. James Guoqi Han Phillip MacAulay 《大气与海洋》2015,53(5):476-490
AbstractSea-level allowances at 22 tide-gauge sites along the east coast of Canada are determined based on projections of regional sea-level rise for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) from the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) and on the statistics of historical tides and storm surges (storm tides). The allowances, which may be used for coastal infrastructure planning, increase with time during the twenty-first century through a combination of mean sea-level rise and the increased uncertainty of future projections with time. The allowances show significant spatial variation, mainly a consequence of strong regionally varying relative sea-level change as a result of glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). A methodology is described for replacement of the GIA component of the AR5 projection with global positioning system (GPS) measurements of vertical crustal motion; this significantly decreases allowances in regions where the uncertainty of the GIA models is large. For RCP8.5 with GPS data incorporated and for the 1995–2100 period, the sea-level allowances range from about 0.5?m along the north shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to more than 1?m along the coast of Nova Scotia and southern Newfoundland. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2016,(2)
近20年来我国的酸雨和酸沉降分布发生了较大变化,其中一个重要变化是硝酸根离子明显增加,这主要是氮氧化物排放增加所导致的。为了评估氮氧化物排放对酸雨和酸沉降的影响,本文利用区域大气化学模式RAMS-CMAQ模拟分析了东亚地区氮氧化物排放、输送和化学转化过程以及降水时空变化对氮氧化物和氮沉降量时空分布的影响,并借助于中国气象台站和东亚酸沉降监测网的观测数据评估了模式结果的合理性。模拟结果显示,东亚地区氮湿沉降的季节变化十分显著,氮湿沉降通量在1~18 kg N ha~(-1) yr~(-1)之间;春夏两季湿沉降占全年的71%,其中夏季占42.7%。 相似文献
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无锡梅雨期湿沉降综合分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用2008—2014年梅雨期间酸雨观测资料及2014年6月16—27日降水个例加密采样资料,结合大气污染物资料分析了近7 a无锡梅雨期酸雨特征,研究降水过程中空气污染物、p H值、电导率的变化及降水对污染物的清除作用。结果表明:无锡市梅雨期酸雨年平均p H值呈现逐年递增趋势。降水过程中,颗粒物质量浓度显著降低;气体浓度变化受其自身日变化及排放源影响大于雨水的清除作用;样品的p H值、K值每个过程变化并不一致,K值变化与颗粒物质量浓度变化大致保持一致。降水、风对颗粒物质量浓度影响大于对气体浓度的影响。长时间连续降水时,降水对颗粒污染物的清除存在极限。小时雨量在0~0.5 mm时,降水对颗粒物浓度做负清除,其值反而略有增加;小时雨量在0.6~5.0 mm时,降水对颗粒物质量浓度做正清除;小时雨量达到5.1 mm及以上时,对PM_(2.5)和PM_(2.5-10)做正清除,对PM_(10)做负清除。降水对SO_2有稀释清除作用;对NO_2的稀释作用取决于其开始浓度值;对CO、O_3的清除作用不显著。 相似文献
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Characterization of nutrients in the atmospheric wet and dry deposition observed at the two monitoring sites over Yellow Sea and East China Sea 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
To investigate the atmospheric deposition of nutrients into the coastal and shelf regions of the northwest Pacific Ocean,
observation sites were established upon Qianliyan Island (within the Yellow Sea) and the Shengsi Archipelago (within the East
China Sea), respectively. Nutrient concentrations, including , were determined in both aerosols and rainwater samples. The analytical results contain clear seasonal signatures, with high
values during the dry season and low values during the rainy season. Similar trends are observed for deposition fluxes. The
amount of wet deposition is greater than that of dry deposition for the studied nutrient species. The influence of meteorological
factors such as rainfall means that samples from Qianliyan Island record higher nutrient values than those from Shengsi. Along
with riverine inputs, atmospheric deposition plays an important role in determining the biogeochemistry of nutrient species
in coastal and shelf oceans.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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Temporal trends in wet deposition of major ions were explored at nationwide remote sites in Japan from April 1991 to March 2009 by using the seasonal Kendall slope estimator and the nonparametric seasonal Kendall test. For the trend analysis, datasets from eight remote sites (Rishiri, Echizenmisaki, Oki, Ogasawara, Shionomisaki, Goto, Yakushima, and Amami) were selected from the Japanese Acid Deposition Survey (JADS) conducted by the Ministry of the Environment. Deposition of H+ has been increasing at remote sites in Japan on a national scale. Significant (p????0.05) increases in H+ deposition were detected with changes of +3?C+9?%?year?1 at seven sites, while insignificant increases were observed at one site. Depositions of non-sea salt (nss)-SO 4 2? and NO 3 ? significantly increased at four and six sites, respectively, with changes of +1?C+3?%?year?1. Significant increases in precipitation at four sites would have contributed to the increase in depositions of H+, nss-SO 4 2? , and NO 3 ? . The emission trends of SO2 and NOx did not corresponded to the deposition trends of nss-SO 4 2? and NO 3 ? . The different trends indicated that temporal variation of precipitation amount trend dominated the deposition trends. 相似文献
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杨义彬 《高原山地气象研究》2005,25(2)
本文在分析四川湿地现状的基础上,对湿地的监测目的、监测范围、技术手段、监测内容、监测技术指标等问题进行了分析,提出建立我省生态环境监测体系和加强湿地生态环境应用研究的工作思路,为保护湿地生态环境,实现湿地的可持续利用发展提供决策服务. 相似文献
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湿地生态环境监测方法探讨 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文在分析四川湿地现状的基础上,对湿地的监测目的、监测范围、技术手段、监测内容、监测技术指标等问题进行了分析,提出建立我省生态环境监测体系和加强湿地生态环境应用研究的工作思路,为保护湿地生态环境,实现湿地的可持续利用发展提供决策服务。 相似文献
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Abstract Two storms that produced heavy precipitation during the Canadian Atlantic Storms Program (CASP) field project are examined, with particular emphasis on their northern and western sectors. Precipitation was associated with upwards motion along the edges of an elevated warm core north of the surface low centre. Within the general pattern of precipitation, the highest rates occurred in narrow bands that were generally aligned with isotherms. The warm core contains regions of marginal symmetric instability and some of absolute instability. 相似文献
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Pollen, diatom and chironomid fossils from the sediments of a core from Brier Island Bog Lake, Nova Scotia were studied in an attempt to relate changes in microfossil composition to a climatic cooling in Atlantic Canada correlative with the European Younger Dryas ca. 10 to 11 ka. Our paleolimnological data were then compared to similar types of data from Splan Pond, New Brunswick to determine if there were any significant differences between a coastal and a more inland site. Nonarboreal pollen was dominant throughout the Brier Island core and the interval 10.0–11.0 ka did not show the typical decline in Picea and increases in tundra-like vegetation characteristic of many sites in Atlantic Canada. However, the limnological indicators did undergo marked changes in taxon composition. The chironomid assemblage was initially dominated by shallow-water, warm-adapted chironomid taxa followed by abundant Sergentia (a cold stenotherm) during 10–11 ka. Sergentia disappeared in the post Younger Dryas interval and the warm-adapted genera resumed dominance. Chironomid-inferred paleotemperature reconstructions revealed that at both Brier Island Bog Lake and Splan Pond, summer surface-water temperatures dropped abruptly to between 13 and 17°C during the 10–11 ka interval, suggesting that a cooler climate was present in Atlantic Canada correlative with the European Younger Dryas. Diatom assemblage changes during the same period corroborate the occurrence of limnological fluctuations. 相似文献
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The present study investigated the chemical composition of wet atmospheric precipitation in India’s richest coal mining belt.
Total 418 samples were collected on event basis at six sites from July to October in 2003 and May to October in 2004 and analysed
for pH, EC, F−, Cl−, , , Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and . The average pH value (5.7) of the rainwater of the investigated area is alkaline in nature. However, the temporal pH variation
showed the alkaline nature during the early phase of monsoonal rainfall but it trends towards acidic during the late and high
rainfall periods. The rainwater chemistry of the region showed high contribution of Ca2+ (47%) and (21%) in cations and (55%) and Cl− (23%) in anionic abundance. The high non seas salt fraction (nss) of Ca2+ (99%) and Mg2+ (96%) suggests crustal source of the ions, while the high nss (96%) and high ratio signifying the impact of anthropogenic sources and the source of the acidity. The ratio of varies from 0.03 to 3.23 with the average value of 0.84 suggesting that Ca2+ and play a major role in neutralization processes. The assessment of the wet ionic deposition rates shows no any specific trend,
however Ca2+ deposition rate was highest followed by and
. 相似文献
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Sulfur dioxide in rain clouds: Gas-liquid scavenging efficiencies and wet deposition rates in the presence of formaldehyde 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Peter Warneck 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,8(2):99-117
The interaction of formaldehyde with SO2 dissolved in the aqueous phase of clouds leads to the formation of hydroxymethane sulfonate. The impact of this process upon the gas-liquid equilibrium distribution of SO2 in rain clouds and the ensuing wet SO2 precipitation rate is explored. Model vertical SO2 distributions are derived from observational data for three atmospheric regions: continental polluted, continental remote, and marine. The wet deposition rate for SO2 in the polluted atmosphere increases by about a factor of two in the presence of formaldehyde compared with its absence. The effect is much stronger in the remote atmosphere leading to a potentially significant enhancement of wet SO2 deposition. In the marine atmosphere, wet deposition of SO2 may contribute as much as 35% to the total removal rate for SO2 by all processes including dry deposition and chemical conversion to sulfate. 相似文献
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T.P. DeFelice 《Atmospheric Research》1997,43(4):325-344
Cloud events whose wet deposition is comparable to that shown to trigger negative health symptoms in trees constitute environmentally significant episodes of wet deposition. They accounted for approximately one fourth of all cloud events that traversed the Mt. Mitchell State Park, NC, during the summer field seasons of 1986–1988 and 1993. The environmentally significant episodes of wet deposition most frequently occurred during the month of June. The June occurrence is equivalent to the frequency of acid mist treatments shown to initiate health related decline in Red Spruce. The slightly more than three seasons of data were analyzed for a possible relationship between cloudwater acidity, liquid water content, wind speed and wind direction. The data analysis shows: (i) A scatter plot of the liquid water flux versus the H+ ion flux differentiates between environmentally significant and non-environmentally significant cloud events of wet deposition. (ii) The synoptic and resulting local wind speed and direction are important in determining whether a cloud event will be environmentally significant or not, since they are related to the origin and the approach of the airflow into the Mt. Mitchell site. (iii) A characteristic 850 mb height field associated with the most frequently occurring environmentally significant cloud only event of wet deposition. Further investigation of wet acidic deposition episodes capable of damaging Red Spruce in the Mt. Mitchell State Park 相似文献
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Jorge Moreda-Piñeiro Elia Alonso-Rodríguez Isabel Turnes-Carou Carmen Moscoso-Pérez Gustavo Blanco-Heras Loreto Gómez Tellado Purificación López-Mahía Soledad Muniategui-Lorenzo Darío Prada-Rodríguez 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2017,74(1):1-21
The inorganic chemical composition (major ions and trace metals) of bulk deposition samples collected monthly with bulk collectors at seven Atlantic Coastal European cities (Galicia, Northwest of Spain) during wet season (September 2011 to March 2012) has been assessed and compared. Trace metals (Al, As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, V and Zn) were analysed in soluble fraction and non-soluble fraction (after acid extraction) of the bulk deposition by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Major inorganic ions (Cl?, NO3 ?, SO4 2?, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4 +) were analysed in the soluble fraction of the bulk deposition by capillary zone electrophoresis. Univariate analysis (ANOVA and Multiple Range Test) according to the location of each sampling site was performed. Results also suggest a great influence of cleaner Atlantic air masses. After partition coefficients and enrichment factor estimation, similar sources could be assigned for the ionic and metal composition of bulk deposition at seven urban sites. 相似文献