IP RESPONSE FOR A 2D HORIZONTAL CYLINDER1

The induced polarization response for a 2D horizontal cylinder embedded in a half-space is calculated for a uniform electric source. Response curves, in the form of apparent charge-ability taking into account the effect of the air-earth interface, exhibit a sharp decrease in amplitude with an increase in depth of burial of the target. The resistivity contrast between the cylinder and the host plays a dominant role in determining the IP response, i.e. the amplitude decreases considerably with the increase in resistivity contrast. The decrease is due to the defocusing effect caused by the resistive cylinder. The current lines tend to deviate away from the cylindrical target. In the case of a highly conducting cylinder, apparent defocusing takes place as current lines are confined to the surface of the conducting cylinder. An increase in chargeability contrast is reflected as a steady rise in the response. The peak response at the centre is reduced by about half the magnitude when the air–earth interface is not considered. The variation of response along the profile, though noticeable, is not as high as that obtained at the centre.     

Dynamic thermoelastic response of a cylinder

Pure and Applied Geophysics - In this paper, dynamic thermoelastic response of an infinite solid circular cylinder has been studied when the surface of the cylinder is kept at zero temperature...     

The three‐dimensional behavior of inverted pendulum cylindrical structures during earthquakes

In order to use rocking as a seismic response modification strategy along both directions of seismic excitation, a three‐dimensional (3D) rocking model should be developed. Since stepping or rolling rocking structural members out of their initial position is not a desirable performance, a rocking design should not involve these modes of motion. To this end, a model that takes the aforementioned constraint into account needs to be developed. This paper examines the 3D motion of a bounded rigid cylinder that is allowed to uplift and sustain rocking and wobbling (unsteady rolling) motion without sliding or rolling out of its initial position (i.e., a 3D inverted pendulum). Thus, the cylinder is constrained to zero residual displacement at the end of its 3D motion. This 3D dynamic model of the rocking rigid cylinder has two DOFs (three when damping is included), making it the simplest 3D extension of Housner's classical two‐dimensional (2D) rocking model. The development of models with and without damping is presented first. They are simple enough to perform extensive parametric analyses. Modes of motion of the cylinder are identified and presented. Then, 3D rocking and wobbling earthquake response spectra are constructed and compared with the classical 2D rocking earthquake response spectra. The 3D bounded rocking earthquake response spectra for the ground motions considered seem to have a very simple linear form. Finally, it is shown that the use of a 2D rocking model may lead to unacceptably unconservative estimates of the 3D rocking and wobbling seismic response. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electromagnetic response of a buried cylindrical conductor for sheet and line current sources

A major problem in electromagnetic induction studies in regions of localized source fields, such as the auroral and equatorial electrojet regions, is the source effect. Using an analytical model, the electromagnetic response of a buried conducting cylinder to sheet current and line current excitations has been studied for the period rangeT=5 s to 24 h. The validity of the numerical results obtained from the analytical model are compared with the numerical results obtained from a finite difference model. The results show that for periods less than 30 min, there is no significant difference in the response of the cylinder to both source fields. However, significant differences are observed at longer periods. It was also observed that the equivalent height at which a uniform sheet current at 100 km above the earth's surface can be approximated by a line current varies as a function of the source period.     

三维隔震系统振动台实验研究

针对目前隔震体系尚不能减小竖向地震反应的缺陷,提出并研制了采用碟形弹簧的竖向半主动隔震装置。竖向半主动隔震装置是由碟形弹簧和外套油缸组成的,且由电磁阀控制油缸内油体与外接蓄油箱内油体间的油路,可实现竖向半主动隔震控制,提出了竖向隔震控制的半主动策略,结合水平隔震支座可实现三维隔震。通过振动台地震模拟实验,验证了三维隔震体系的效能,该研究对高烈度地区隔震技术的改善具有应用参考价值。     

Analogue model measurements for a horizontal magnetic dipole embedded within a conducting medium

The validity of an analogue model method employing a horizontal magnetic dipole source situated within a conducting layer for the cases of a poorly conducting model earth and a highly conducting model ocean is studied by comparing model magnetic field measurements with theoretical calculations. The model is then used to study one example for each case; the response of a conducting cylinder simulating an ore body embedded in the earth, and the response of a conducting wedge simulating a shelving ocean.     

Time domain BEM analysis of dynamic response of a cylinder embedded in soil with frictional slip at the interface

A 2D time domain boundary element method (BEM) is developed to study the dynamic response of a cylinder embedded in soil. The interface is assumed in contact with Coulomb friction. For the incident wave strong enough, local slip may occur along the interface. We suppose a pressure enough high is applied on the interface so that separation is impossible. The present problem is indeed a nonlinear boundary value problem since the mixed boundary conditions involve unknown intervals (slip and stick regions). In order to determine the unknown intervals, an iterative technique is developed. As an example, we consider the scattering of a circular cylinder embedded in an infinite solid. Numerical results for the near field solutions are presented. The nonlinear nature of the system is discussed.     

Seismic simulation of liquefaction-induced uplift behavior of a hollow cylinder structure buried in shallow ground

When designing buried structures using a performance-based framework, it is important to estimate their uplift displacement. A simplified method is proposed for predicting the uplift displacement of a hollow cylinder structure buried in shallow backfill based on the equilibrium of vertical forces acting on the structure during earthquakes. However, this method only provides the maximum value, which frequently is overestimated in practical applications. To offset this limitation, first, the uplift behavior of buried hollow cylinder structures subjected to strong earthquake motions was simulated. Then, two-dimensional effective stress analyses based on the multiple shear mechanism for soil were conducted, and the results were compared with the centrifuge test data. The soil parameters were evaluated based on laboratory test results. The seismic response data from 20 g centrifuge tests were analyzed, and the results were generally consistent with the results of centrifuge model tests. In particular, the effective stress model showed a reasonable ability to reproduce the varying degrees of uplift displacement depending on the geotechnical conditions of trench soils adjacent to the hollow cylinder structures buried in shallow ground.     

井间电磁场时域有限差分数值模拟

为进一步了解井间地下介质结构及其电性特征,本文用时域有限差分方法(FDTD),实现了井间电磁场响应的数值模拟.激发源是探测深度相对磁偶极子更大一些的电偶极子,首先选择一个位于井轴上的垂直电偶极子作为场源,并假设参与计算的介质相对于发射井井轴是轴向对称的,这样可将研究区域作为二维问题处理.推导了二维井间电磁波传播时域差分公式.该方法适用于任何方向入射的电偶极子源,尤其善于解决频域差分方法所难以描述的宽频脉冲.给出了井间金属圆柱和矿体圆柱数值模拟2个例子,结果表明,时域有限差分方法能有效的模拟井间地下介质中电磁波的传播,揭示电磁波传播规律.该方法速度快、精度高、结果稳定,适合用于井间电磁场反演成像的正演响应计算.     

采用薄圆筒模体和Hough变换自动确定工业CT中心的方法

确认旋转中心是工业CT系统必然遇到的问题。本文提出对薄圆筒模体的切片图像自动识别,通过随机Hough变换识别薄圆筒模体的圆心位置和半径,从而计算出当前圆心与实际圆心的差别,据此可以计算出需要矫正的尺寸,减少确认旋转中心的复杂度并增加可靠性。     

Turam response of a permeable inhomogeneous cylindrical conductor surrounded by a thin shell

Summary Electromagnetic response characteristics of an inhomogeneous permeable cylinder surrounded by a thin insulated concentric dissipative shell is obtained in presence of a line-source of current. The 3-layer boundary value problem is solved by assuming the thickness of the shell to be much smaller than the skin-depth in the shell. Numerically computed results are presented in the form of argand diagrams to examine the influence of the shell parameters (conductivity and its proximity with the core) and magnetic contrast. The multi-frequency response of the system is also given which resolves the two conducting layers and analyzes the frequency dependence of screening behavior of the shell.N.G.R.I. Contribution No. 282.     

磁流变减振驱动器的响应时间试验与分析

本文首先通过分析平行平板间磁流变液流变后的非稳态过程，建立了磁流变减振驱动器响应时间的计算理论。分析表明，磁流变减振驱动器响应时间的主要影响因素是流体的动力粘度和活塞与缸体的间隙，而与流变液的剪切屈服强度和活塞两端的压差无关，利用此理论初步估计的磁流变减振驱动器的响应时间为毫秒级。其次，通过瞬间改变输入电流，进行了磁流变减振驱动器阻尼力响应时间试验。试验结果表明，磁流变减振驱动器的响应时间为百毫秒级，远远大于理论值。最后，计算分析表明，液体气泡的存在延缓了减振驱动器的响应时间。     

Particle image velocimetry evaluation of flow-altering countermeasures for local scour around a submerged circular cylinder

The effect of scour countermeasures on the mechanism of local scour around a cylinder requires clarification in order to develop design methodology for use in practice. Previous investigations on countermeasure performance, though useful, have not provided adequate measurements to support this understanding. In the present investigation, particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements were acquired at several streamwise-vertical planes in the flow field surrounding a submerged circular cylinder wit...     

绕流对称性破缺诱发柔细结构振动研究——以Tacoma大桥风振致毁事故为例

绕流对称性破缺往往对柔细结构产生很大的作用效应,诱发结构振动,严重影响其可靠性和安全性。基于圆柱平面绕流模型,系统分析了实际流体圆柱绕流纵向对称性破缺以及各种情况的横向对称性破缺现象。为了更加深入地理解理论分析的结果,利用Fluent软件对圆柱绕流模型进行了计算机模拟,详细分析了雷诺数为10、20、40、100、200、2000、20000时的绕流情况,结果显示,当雷诺数为200时,流场开始出现横向对称性破缺。在此基础上,以Tacoma大桥风振致毁事故为例,分情况探讨了旋涡同步交替脱落导致的桥面起伏性振动,以及旋涡异步交替脱落导致的桥面扭振。分析结果表明,绕流对称性破缺是诱发大桥振动破坏的直接原因。     

Thermoelastic response of a cylinder in the generalised dynamical theory of thermoelasticity

Summary Using the generalised dynamical theory of thermoelasticity, thermoelastic problem for an isotropic infinite circular cylinder has been solved by approximate techniques. A two dimensional harmonic problem for a cylinder has also been considered and small amplitude vibrations of the circular cylinder have been studied further.     

THE INDUCTIVE RESPONSE OF A HORIZONTAL CONDUCTING CYLINDER BURIED IN A UNIFORM EARTH FOR A UNIFORM INDUCING FIELD*

The inductive response of a conducting horizontal cylinder embedded in a uniform earth is studied using numerical results obtained for an analytical solution for the problem of a conducting cylinder buried in a homogeneous earth for the case of a uniform inducing field. A check of the validity of the numerical results is made by a comparison with analogue model measurements for a number of cases. Numerical results for a range of cylinder radii (a = 1–10 km), depths of burial (d= 0–4 km), conductivity contrasts (σ₂= 10^?2-10 Sm^?1), and source frequencies (f= 10^?1-10^?4 Hz) of interest in the interpretation of magnetotelluric field measurements are presented. The results indicate that for a uniform inducing field the conductivity and depth of burial of a horizontal cylindrical inhomogeneity are best determined through a measurement of the amplitudes H_y, H_z and E_x and the phases φ_y and Ψ_x.     

Scattering and refracting of plane strain wave by a cylindrical inclusion in fluid-saturated soils

The problems involving scattering and refracting of plane strain wave by a cylinder in fluid-saturated soils are studied in this paper. The theoretical solutions for the amplitudes of scattering and refracting are derived on the basis of modified Biot’s theory for two-phase medium in engineering, in which the compressibility of soil grains and the viscous coupling effect between the skeletal frame and the pore fluid are taken into account. Moreover, the amplitude equations of potential function are presented when the fluid-saturated soil cylindrical inclusion is degenerated into cylindrical cavity, rigid cylinder, single phase elastic cylinder and single phase fluid cylinder.     

EXPERIMENTS ON FLOW AROUND A CYLINDER IN A SCOURED CHANNEL BED

The flow pattern around a cylinder, installed in a scoured channel bed, was experimentally investigated. Detailed measurements of the instantaneous 3D velocities were performed by using an Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profiler (ADVP), from which the profiles of the time-averaged velocities and turbulence stresses were obtained. It is shown that the influence of the cylinder and of the scour hole alters the approach flow; this is essentially confined to the vicinity of the cylinder and to the inside of the scour hole. The horseshoe vortex is measured as a flow reversal inside the scour hole, formed by the downward flow along the cylinder face and the reversed flow at the scour bed.     

On the torsional vibration of a finite circular cylinder of non-homogeneous material by a particular type of twist on one of its plane ends

Summary In the present note, the problem of torsional vibration of a finite circular cylinder of non-homogeneous material has been considered. The lateral surface of the cylinder is assumed to be free from shearing stress. One end of the cylinder is taken to be fixed while a circular region on the other end which is not fixed is acted over by a periodic shearing force.