COMMENT ON ‘ASPECTS OF CHARGE-ACCUMULATION IN D.C. RESISTIVITY EXPERIMENTS’ BY Y. LI AND D. W. OLDENBURG1

The paper by Li and Oldenburg (1991) gives an important insight into d.c. charge accumulation problems. Nevertheless, their derivation concerning the role of the permittivity of the medium is not as straightforward as it could be. Another question, worth discussing, is the problem of double layers, which is missing from the authors’ paper.     

关于公元649年临汾地震的讨论

唐贞观２３年８月癸酉（公元６４９年９月１２日）河东（黄河以东,今山西省境）地震,晋州（治临汾,今临汾市）尤甚。对此次地震事件的烈度等一直存在不同看法。     

756年张掖-酒泉地震考

根据现有历史地震资料和新补充史料的综合考证,认为现行地震目录所给的公元756年张掖-酒泉地震参数不确切,应做如下修正:震级应由现在的6级修订为7级左右,震中烈度由Ⅶ～Ⅷ度修订为Ⅸ～X度,极震区介于张掖、酒泉之间的高台北罗城一带.     

公元138年陇西郡地震考证

根据历史资料对公元１３８年陇西郡地震进行了考证，认为该次地震的震中应在青海省民和县与甘肃省临洮县之间，震中位置为北纬３５．９°，东经１０３．３°．震中烈度为Ⅸ，震级为６３４．对该次地震的区域构造背景也进行了讨论．据史料记载，张衡地动仪曾记录到了这次地震．     

On the fractal dimension of the fallout deposits: A case study of the 79 A.D. Plinian eruption at Mt. Vesuvius

We investigated the existence of a fractal law (power law) distribution of size pyroclastic fragments erupted during the fallout phase of the 79 A.D. Plinian eruption at Mt. Vesuvius. In particular, we performed a particle size distribution analysis on 18 white and grey pumice samples collected in six sites distributed in the SW sector of Mt. Vesuvius. Our measurements show that the fragmentation of samples in the investigated range (from 32 mm to 850 μm) follows a power law, guaranteeing the scale invariance of the process. The relationship frequency-size distribution of the fragments is verified independently from the nature (i.e., pumices and lithics) and stratigraphic height of the considered samples in the pyroclastic deposit. Therefore, the fractal fragmentation theory can be indicated for evaluating the relationship between the intensity of fragmentation (fractal dimension D) and eruption energy. In this way the apparent chaotic distribution of the particles in the fallout deposits hides a self-organized complexity revealed by the retrieved power law distribution. We further remark that a key aspect of our analysis is the founded evidence that the fractal dimension of the lithics is systematically greater than that of the pumices.     

公元512年山西省北部7.5级地震有关问题的探讨

本文讨论了公元512年山西北部7.5级地震的震中、震级、震中烈度等问题,根据我们在大同盆地所发现的该地震的发震断层和许多地震遗迹,认为该地震的震中应在大同盆地,震级和烈度也应适当提高。     

Monsoonal precipitation variation in the East Asia since A.D. 1840

Three tree-ring rainfall reconstructions from China and Korea are used in this paper to investigate the East Asian summer monsoon-related precipitation variation over the past 160 years. Statistically, there is no linear correlation on a year-by-year basis between Chinese and Korean monsoon rainfall, but region-wide synchronous variation on a decadal-scale was observed. More rainfall intervals were 1860–1890, 1910–1925, and 1940–1960, and dry or even drought periods were 1890–1910, 1925–1940, and 1960–present. Reconstructions also display that the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation suddenly changed from more into less around mid-1920. These tree-ring precipitation records were also confirmed by Chinese historical dryness/wetness index and Korean historical rain gauge data.     

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF D.C. RESISTIVITY SOUNDING OVER A PARABOLOID*

A complete mathematical analysis is proposed for direct current resistivity prospecting over the surface of a layered paraboloid. The analysis evaluates the Green's function in parabolic coordinates for a current source at the vertex. The general solution is obtained as a Fourier-Bessel integral involving those curvilinear coordinates that have a kernel function which is similar to that of a half-plane containing inhomogeneous layers. This similarity permits the computation of a class of sounding curves over such an oval surface providing a way to analyse field data over hilly terrain.