Illustrating the Concepts of the Contour Symbol,Interval, and Spacing VIA 3-D Maps

Abstract

Although topographic maps are commonly used, few readers seem to understand them adequately. In this paper we attempt to develop a teaching strategy to remedy this deficiency. The teaching strategy is founded upon a group of integrated illustrations which take the reader from data-gathering through to the final map. We believe that these illustrations are simple enough to be understood by grade school children, yet sophisticated enough to satisfy adults.     

行业结构、地区结构与我国第三产业的发展

基于2000-2009年相关统计数据,从行业结构和地区结构2个角度,深刻分析了我国第三产业增长的构成.从行业结构看,各行业对第三产业增长的贡献既取决于各行业本身占第三产业的比重,又取决于行业的发展速度.自2000年以来以金融业、房地产业、信息服务业等为代表的新兴产业对第三产业的作用力越来越大,有效地促进了第三产业增长,而以交通运输为代表的传统流通部门对第三产业增长的贡献逐步减弱.因此,合理发展新兴产业将是有效拉动我国第三产业快速增长的有效途径.从地区结构看,无论从第三产业本身还是从内部各行业,都出现不同程度的空间集聚,但新兴行业的集聚程度要大于传统行业;2000-2009年东部地区对我国第三产业增长的贡献率最大;贡献率的省份集中度很高,但在集中的基础上出现了有条件的扩散,一些经济总量较大的省份对第三产业增长的贡献逐步增加;而经济总量较小的省份对第三产业增长的贡献有微弱减少的趋势.     

Simulation of currents, ice melting, and vertical mixing in the Barents Sea using a 3-D baroclinic model

A baroclinic. 3-D model is described. It is adapted to the Barents Sea and includes thermodynamics and atmospheric input. The freezing and melting of ice is allowed for in the model. The main task of the study is to look at the development of the ice cover, the vertical mixing, and the vertical and horizontal density gradients.
Despite simple approximations in the air temperature input, realistic ice-cover is produced in the model area during simulation of a "freezing period" (winter). This intermediate result is briefly discussed and also forms the start of a "melting period" simulation (spring/summer). Atmospheric input data (wind, air pressure, and heat flux) from the spring and summer 1983 is used, and details about vertical mixing, temperature, and salinity are discussed. The simulation results demonstrate the temporal variation of the thermocline depth, the variation of the ice cover, and the horizontal changes of density. The conclusion is that despite often simplified input, the model seems to produce a physical picture characteristic of the Barents Sea.     

规模经济、对外贸易与区域双核结构模式探讨——以山东半岛济南—青岛双核结构为例

区域双核结构模式是一种重要的经济地理现象。基于新经济地理学的研究视角和分析框架,论文构建模型,分析了规模经济和对外贸易推动区域双核结构模式的生成过程和经济机理。模型研究表明,规模经济和对外贸易是塑造区域双核结构模式的基本力量:规模经济的增强放大了本地市场效应,导致了区域核心城市的出现;对外贸易影响着沿海地区的经济地理优势,决定着港口区位核心城市和内陆地区核心城市的并存。山东半岛济南—青岛双核结构模式生成过程的实证研究也表明,双核结构模式是制造业活动完成由以手工业为主导向现代化大生产为主导转变、区域发展环境完成由相对封闭向相对开放转变之后才产生的经济地理现象。     

广州信息密集服务业的空间发展及其对城市地域结构的影响

采用第三产业普查资料,深入分析了改革开放以来广州信息密集服务业的发展水平,空间发展特征和原因及其对城市地域结构的影响,揭示了信息密集服务业发展与城市地域运动的关系。