Cloning and expression of aequorin genes from jellyfish Aequorea and characterization of aequorins activities

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｅｑｕｏｒｉｎｉｓａｂｉｏｌｕｍｉｎｅｓｃｅｎｔｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ｉｓｏｌａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍ ｊｅｌｌｙｆｉｓｈＡｅｑｕｏｒｅａ .Ｔｈｅａｅｑｕｏｒｉｎｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｏｆａ 2 2 0 0 0Ｍｒａｐｏａｅｑｕｏｒｉｎｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ ,ｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｏｘｙｇｅｎａｎｄｔｈｅｌｕｍｉｎｏｐｈｏｒｅｃｏｅｌｅｎｔｅｒａｚｉｎｅ .ＷｈｅｎｔｈｒｅｅＣａｉｏｎｓｂｉｎｄｔｏｔｈｉｓｃｏｍｐｌｅｘ ,ｃｏｅｌｅｎｔｅｒａｚｉｎｅｉｓｏｘｉｄｉｚｅｄｔｏｃｏｅｌｅｎ ｔｅｒａｍｉｄｅ…     

Effects of β-ecdysone and polypodine-B on moulting and growth of prawn, Penaeus orientalis

Effects of the mixture of β-ecdysone and polypodine -B (2 : 1 W/W) on the moulting and growth of prawn, Penaeus orientaliss were studied in laboratory by rearing the animal with the added compound diets. The results showed that the addition of the moulting hormone (M. H) mixture to compound diets, from 1. 33× 10-6 to 30×10-6, could increase moulting activity and growth rate of the prawn to different extents, among which the 5. 33× 10-6-10. 67×10-6addition had statistically significant effects. However, 60 × 10-6 added diets caused moulting and growth inhibitions and cuticle thickening. The analyses of protein, water and ash contents of the prawn showed no remarkable differences between hormone dosed animals and the control.     

Subunit composition and chromophore content of R-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin from Porphyra haitanensis

ＳｕｂｕｎｉｔｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｈｒｏｍｏｐｈｏｒｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆＲ－ｐｈｙｃｏｃｙａｎｉｎａｎｄａｌｌｏｐｈｙｃｏｃｙａｎｉｎｆｒｏｍＰｏｒｐｈｙｒａｈａｉｔａｎｅｎｓｉｓ￥ＧａｏＨｏｎｇｆｅｎｇ；ＣａｏＷｅｎｄａａｎｄＪｉＭｉｎｇ...     

Effects of light, temperature and nutrients on photosynthesis of Biddulphia regia

Ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｌｉｇｈｔ，ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓｏｎｐｈｏｔｏｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆＢｉｄｄｕｌｐｈｉａｒｅｇｉａＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＬｉｇｈｔ，ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅａｎｄｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓａｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｅ...     

The effect of the causative algae of large-scale HAB in the East China Sea on egg hatching of Argopecten irradians, and population growth of Brachionus plicatilis and Moina mongolica

The impacts of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Alexandrium catenella Balech, causative species of the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea, were studied under laboratory conditions. According to bloom densities, the effects of monoculture and mixture of the two species were examined on the egg-hatching success of Argopecten irradians Lamarck, and the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis Müller and Moina mongolica Daday. The results showed that monoculture of A. catenella had a significant inhibition on the egg hatching success of A. irradians, and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The median effective densities (ED_50) inhibiting the egg hatching success of A. irradians for 24 h and the population growth of B. plicatilis and M. mongolica for 96 h were 800, 630, and 2 400 cells/cm3, respectively. Monoculture of P. donghaiense has no such inhibitory effect on the egg hatching success of A. irradians; P. donghaiense at lower suitable densities could sustain the population growth of B. plicatilis (1×104~3×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (2×104~5×104cells/cm3); P. donghaiense at higher densities had significantly adverse effect on the population growth of B. plicatilis (4×104~10×104cells/cm3) and M. mongolica (10×104cells/cm3). When the two algae were mixed according to bloom densities, P. donghaiense at suitable densities to some extent could decrease the toxicity of A. catenella to B. plicatilis and M. mongolica. The results indicated that the large-scale HAB in the East China Sea could have adverse effect on zooplankton, and might further influence the marine ecosystem, especially when there was also Alexandrium bloom.     

Identification of Epinephelus malabaricus and Epinephelus coioides using DNA markers

1 IntroductionBothEpinephelus malabaricusandE. coioidesbelong to the genusEpinephelus(Perciformes: Ser-ranidae: Epinephelinae).They are warm water reeffishes that have similar distribution ranges as well assimilar morphological characteristics, which have…     

Studies on morphocytology of Planktoniella and correction of nomenclature of Valdiviella formosa (Schimper ex Karsten) Karsten

Based on the morphocytological studies on Planktoreiella,two species of the genus, p. sol Schütt and p. formosa (Qian et Wang) are recorded in China''s seas. The renaming of the latter species is based on a careful study on Valdiuella formosa (Schimper ex Karsten) Karsten.     

Rates of oxygen consumption and tolerance of hypoxia and desiccation in Chinese black sleeper(Bostrichthys sinensis) and mudskipper(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) embryos

1Introduction Afossorialmodeoflifehasbeenadoptedbynu merousfishes(Gibson,1982).Burrowingmodeof lifeclearlyoffersanumberofadvantages,butburro wingfishmustalsobeadaptedtocopewiththespe cialproblemsthatthislifestylepresents.Fishthat constructburrowsininterti…     

Studies on hybridization effects of different geographic populations of Chlamys farreri Ⅱ. The medium-term growth and development of Chlamys farreri populations from China and Russia and their reciprocal crosses

Abstract-Based on the research of juvenile (2, 3, 4 months) growth and survival of three popu-lations of two different geographic areas in Chlamys farreri from Russian and China and their F_1 hybridsderived from Chinese cultural population (CC)×Russian population (RW), Chinese wild popu-lation (CW)×Russian population (RW), Russian population (RW)×Chinese wild popula-tion (CW), the study of the medium-term (6, 8, 10, 12 months) growth and development ofChlamys farreri was carried out. The four determined results indicated that there existed different ex-tent heterosis (3%～52%) for the growth in three types of F_1 hybrids, and the offspring derived fromCC×R had a stronger heterosis among the crosses at the medium-term; the uptrend among traitsare wet weight>shell width>shell length>shell height, Chinese cultural population could be recog-nized as excellent parent, and seasonal variations influence very much on the daily increment and growthrate of each trait of Chlamys farreri and it is only able to     

FerryBox and MERIS – Assessment of coastal and shelf sea ecosystems by combining in situ and remotely sensed data

An automatic measuring system called “FerryBox” was installed in the North Sea on a ferry travelling between Germany (Cuxhaven) and Great Britain (Harwich), enabling online oceanographic and biological measurements such as salinity, temperature, fluorescence, turbidity, oxygen, pH, and nutrient concentrations. Observations made along the ferry transect reveal characteristic phenomena such as high salinity inflow through the Channel into the Southern Bight, algal bloom dynamics and related oxygen and pH changes. Combination of these online observations with remote sensing enhances the spatial resolution of the transect related measurements. Several examples of the synergy between these two measuring strategies are shown, both for large-scale algal blooms in the North Sea as well as for local intense but short-term blooms in the German Bight. Coherence of the data sets can be gained and improved by using water transport models in order to obtain synoptic overviews of the remotely sensed and FerryBox related parameters. Limitations of the currently used algorithms for deriving chlorophyll-a from remote sensing images for coastal and shelf seas (Case-2 water) are discussed, as well as depth related processes which cannot be properly resolved on the basis of water intake at a fixed point. However, in unstratified coastal waters under normal conditions FerryBox data represent average conditions. The importance of future applications of this combination of methods for monitoring of coastal waters is emphasized.     

Energetics of lateral eddy diffusion/advection：Part Ⅲ. Energetics of horizontal and isopycnal diffusion/advection

Gravitational Potential Energy （GPE） change due to horizontal/isopycnal eddy diffusion and advection is examined. Horizontal/isopycnal eddy diffusion is conceptually separated into two steps： stirring and sub scale diffusion. GPE changes associated with these two steps are analyzed. In addition, GPE changes due to stirring and subscale diffusion associated with horizontal/isopycnal advection in the Eulerian coordinates are analyzed. These formulae are applied to the SODA data for the world oceans. Our analysis indicates that horizontal/isopycnal advection in Eulerian coordinates can introduce large artificial diffusion in the model. It is shown that GPE source/sink in isopycnal coordinates is closely linked to physical property distribution, such as temperature, salinity and velocity. In comparison with z-coordinates, GPE source/sink due to stir ring/cabbeling associated with isopycnal diffusion/advection is much smaller. Although isopycnal coordi nates may be a better choice in terms of handling lateral diffusion, advection terms in the traditional Eule rian coordinates can produce artificial source of GPE due to cabbeling associated with advection. Reducing such numerical errors remains a grand challenge.     

Study on the breeding technology of heterosis seedling of Laminaria and new combinations

After continuous breeding gametophyte of Laminaria, then breaking protonema, heterosis seedling is got by bilineal hybridization. The result shows that the weight-increasing rate of female and male gametophyte clone cells are 14.03% and 13.87%, after 16 d crossbreeding, the rate of ovulation is up to100%; the length of juvenile sporophyte after 40 d breeding is 2-3 cm. By fanning on the sea, a hybrid combination is primarily screened.     

The effects of immobilization on physiology and ultrastructure of unicellular alga Platymonas subcordiformis

ＴｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｉｍｍｏｂｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｎｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｙａｎｄｕｌｔｒａｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｕｎｉｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒａｌｇａＰｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓｓｕｂｃｏｒｄｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ￥ＺｈａｎｇＸｕｅｃｈｅｎｇ；ＷｕＸｉａｏｎａｎａｎｄＬｉ...     

Analysis of the development and causes of formation of Eucampia zoodiacus red tide in Xiamen Harbor

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｕｃａｍｐｉａｚｏｏｄｉａｃｕｓｒｅｄｔｉｄｅｉｎＸｉａｍｅｎＨａｒｂｏｒ￥ＺｈａｎｇＳｈｕｉｊｉｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＪｕｎｅ２０，１９９４；ａｃｃｅｐｔｅ...     

Sea water environment copper requirement of egg hatching and naupliar metamorphosis of Peaneus chinensis

ＳｅａｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｃｏｐｐｅｒｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｇｇｈａｔｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄｎａｕｐｌｉａｒｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｏｓｉｓｏｆＰｅａｎｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ￥ＹｕａｎＹｏｕｘｉａｎ；ＱｕＫｅｍｉｎｇ；ＬｉｕＬｉｂｏ；ＧａｏＣ...     

Analysis on genetic diversity of mangrove species of Sonneratia and relationship to plant introduction

INmprvMangroves, the intertida1 ecosysterns occurring primariIy in the tropicaI and subtropical re-gbo amind the world, are valuable natural resoutces with high preductivity and unique wet-land habitat. These plants, which are either bushy shrubs or small-tcrlarge tou with me as-axiated herbacoous species, are of great significance because of their potential in protectingcoastlines by preventing sea water inundation; purging the environmental polution; and main-taining coasta1 ecolOgical bala…     

Molecular constants of LiCl(X1Σ+) and elastic collisions of two ground-state Cl and Li atoms at low and ultralow temperatures

Interaction potentials for LiCl(X¹Σ⁺) are constructed by the highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction in combination with a number of large correlation-consistent basis sets, which are used to determine the spectroscopic parameters (D₀, D_e, R_e, ω_e, _eχ_e, B_e and α_e. The potentials obtained at the basis sets, i.e., aug-cc-pV5Z-JKFI for Cl and cc-pV5Z for Li, are selected to study the elastic collision properties of Li and Cl atoms at the impact energies from 1.0×10^-12 to 1.0×10^-4 a.u. The derived total elastic cross sections are very large and almost constant at ultralow temperatures, and their shapes are mainly dominated by the s-partial wave at very low impact energies. Only one shape resonance can be found in the total elastic cross sections over the present collision energy regime, which is rather strong and obviously broadened by the overlap contributions of the abundant resonances coming from various partial waves. Abundant resonances exist for the elastic partial-wave cross sections until l = 22 partial waves. The vibrational manifolds of the LiCl(X¹Σ⁺) molecule, which are predicted at the present level of theory and the basis sets cc-pV5Z for Li and the aug-cc-pV5Z-JKFI for Cl, should achieve much high accuracy due to the employment of the large correlation-consistent basis sets.     

Reflection of the State of Magmatic Matter and Seismotectonic Features of the Structure of the Avachinsky–Koryaksky and Dzenzur–Zhupanovsky Volcanic Groups of Kamchatka in Terms of Kinematic Parameter VP/VS

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - For regional earthquakes, the kinematic parameter VP/VS, an analog of the TAU parameter, was analyzed in order to study the state of magmatic matter,...     

The point of no return and pectoral angle of Japanese anchovy(Engraulis japonicus) larvae during growth and starvation

At a temperature of 23.0~24.8℃,the mixed feeding of Japanese anchovy larvae was initiated 24 h before the yolk-sac was exhausted.The point of no return(PNR) was reached on the 6th day after hatching.On the 4th day after hatching,the pectoral angle appeared in both fed and unfed anchovy larvae although it was more evident and sharper in the starved and the PNR stage larvae than in the fed ones.According to observations of larvae collected in the sea,the pectoral angles were evident not only in the larvae of 3.62~7.44 mm in standard length,but also in the larvae of 2.70 mm in standard length with remnants of yolk.The pectoral angles became diffuse when the larvae reached 7.84 mm and vanished at 9.86 mm.The pectoral angle cannot be used as a criterion to distinguish healthy from starving larvae.     

Settlement and metamorphosis of Styela canopus Savigny larvae in response to some neurotransmitters and thyroxin

1IntroductionAs importantsteps in the life cycles of mostma-rine benthos,settlement and metamorphosis of theirplanktonic larvae influence directly the populationdistribution and fluctuation of benthos.Research onlarval settlement and metamorphosis of mari…