乐清湾秋季虾类群落结构及生态位分析

为探究乐清湾虾类群落结构的形成和影响因素,作者于2020年9月在该海域开展海洋生态系统综合调查,运用相对重要性指数、生态位宽度、生态位重叠等生态指标,结合非度量多维标度法(MDS)和冗余分析(RDA)对群落结构、生态位的重叠和分化进行分析。结果表明:秋季研究海域共有虾类16种,隶属于6科、10属;哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)和中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)为优势种,周氏新对虾(Metapenaeusjoyneri)、脊尾白虾(Exopalaemoncarinicauda)和刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)为常见种;哈氏仿对虾、中华管鞭虾、周氏新对虾和脊尾白虾属于中等生态位种,其余均为窄生态位种;红条鞭腕虾(Lysmatavittata)与太平洋长臂虾(Palaemonpacificus)的重叠值最高,中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)、葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)和细指长臂虾(Palaemon tenuidactylus)等与其他种类重叠值较低;影响该海域秋季虾类分布的主要环...     

Investigating the molecular systematic relationships amongst selected Plesionika (Decapoda: Pandalidae) from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

Despite the high number of species and ecological diversity of pandalid shrimps, there has been no previous attempt to resolve evolutionary relationships of several genera using molecular tools. Although mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) is widely used in barcoding studies to delimit species boundaries, additional insights into phylogenetic affinities can be obtained, especially when used in combination with data from additional genes. The knowledge of molecular diversity is essential to understand phylogenetic relationships and will help systematic clarifications. Based on partial fragments of the 16S and COI genes, we have focused specifically on addressing the systematic relationships of the economically and ecologically important shrimp genus Plesionika within a framework of five genera from within the Pandalidae. Our results showed that species within Plesionika are substantially divergent when compared with other genera, exhibiting the highest average nucleotide divergence, with 0.1123 and 0.0846 in COI and 16S genes, respectively. In addition, sequence divergence was found to vary greatly within the genus Plesionika (COI/16S): 0.0247/0.0016 between Plesionika antigai and Plesionika heterocarpus and 0.1616/0.098 between Plesionika heterocarpus and Plesionika edwardsii. We did not find amino acid sequence divergence between P. heterocarpus and P. antigai compared with P. heterocarpus and P. edwardsii (8.10%, K2P distance). Three species of Plesionika (P. antigai, P. heterocarpus and Plesionika scopifera) appear well separated from other Plesionika species in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The present study confirms the utility of COI over 16S as a genetic marker to resolve relationships between different species of Plesionika from the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, in addition to species delimitation. The findings highlight the need to further review paraphyly within Plesionika in an attempt to recognize a concordance in the evolutionary history of Plesionika with major ecological and geological events.     

Reproductive traits of tropical deep-water pandalid shrimps (Heterocarpus ensifer) from the SW Gulf of Mexico

Heterocarpus ensifer is a tropical deep-water pandalid shrimp whose reproductive features are poorly known. We examined reproductive traits of a population of H. ensifer inhabiting the continental slope (311–715 m in depth) off the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico (SW Gulf of Mexico). Size range of the total sample (n=816) was 10.4–38.9 mm carapace length. Females grow larger than males, but both sexes mature at 57% of their maximum theoretical size and at ～30% of their total lifespan. Among adult females, the proportion of ovigerous females was high in all seasons, indicating year-round reproduction. Most females carrying embryos in advanced stages of development had ovaries in advanced stages of maturation, indicating production of successive spawns. In the autumn, however, the proportion of ovigerous females and the condition index of these females were lower compared to other seasons. This pattern potentially reflects a reduction in food resources following the summer minimum in particulate organic carbon flux to the deep benthos, as reported in previous studies. Spawns consisting of large numbers (16024±5644, mean±SD) of small eggs (0.045±0.009 mm³) are consistent with extended planktotrophic larval development, an uncommon feature in deep-water carideans. Egg number increased as a power function of female size but with substantial variability, and egg size varied widely within and between females. There was no apparent trade-off between egg number and egg size and neither of these two variables was influenced by female condition. These results indicate iteroparity and a high and variable reproductive effort, reflecting a reproductive strategy developed to compensate for high larval mortality. The present study provides a baseline to compare reproductive traits between Atlantic populations of this tropical deep-water pandalid.     

南海区桁杆虾拖网40 mm方目分离网片选择性的初步研究

为了研究桁杆虾拖网40 mm方目分离网片对渔获物的分隔效果和选择性,作者采用"套网法"于2015年8月在南海北部近海渔场进行了试验。计算分离网片对主要渔获物的尾数分隔率和质量分隔率,使用Logistic曲线作为选择性模型,运用极大似然估算法估算选择性参数。结果表明:虾拖网的目标种类为刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)和周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri),优势副渔获为丽叶鲹(Caranx(Atule)kalla);刀额新对虾和周氏新对虾的尾数分隔率和质量分隔率均大于90%;尾数分隔率和质量分隔率均大于80%的种类有:杂食豆齿鳗(Pisoodonophis boro)、黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus oramin)、高体若鲹(Carangoides equula)和卵鳎(Solea ovata Richardson);丽叶鲹和脊突猛虾姑(Harpiosquilla raphidea)的尾数分隔率和质量分隔率均大于60%;周氏新对虾、脊突猛虾姑、丽叶鲹和黄斑蓝子鱼对分离网片的接触率分别为0.51、0.69、0.41和0.39,其50%选择体长(L50)分别为57.96±2.07、69.62±2.13、68.19±0.49和73.12 mm±1.26 mm。研究结果可为提高南海桁杆虾拖网的选择性积累数据,为缓解其对渔业资源补充群体的不良影响提供参考。     

浙江沿岸海域虾类优势种空间生态位分析

生态位与种间竞争、资源利用密切联系,体现了物种在群落中利用资源的能力。为探明浙江沿岸海域虾类分布格局的形成和影响因素,通过相对重要性指数确定了虾类群落优势种,分别采用Levins公式和Pianka指数计测了虾类优势种生态位宽度和生态位重叠,并通过典范对应分析（CCA）研究生态位分化情况。结果表明:研究海域共出现13种虾类优势种,根据生态位宽度大小将研究海域内的虾类优势种分为3类,细巧仿对虾、细螯虾、鲜明鼓虾和中华管鞭虾属于第一类群,以上4种虾类的空间生态位宽度较宽;日本鼓虾、哈氏仿对虾、鹰爪虾、中国毛虾和葛氏长臂虾属于第二类群,这5种虾类空间生态位略低于第一类群,但其生态位仍相对较宽;戴氏赤虾、脊腹褐虾、东海红虾和大管鞭虾这4种虾类的空间生态位较窄,属第三类群;生态位重叠指数变化范围在0.00~0.78,将重叠指数按照大于0.6、0.3~0.6和小于0.3划分为重叠度较高、重叠度较低和重叠度低3个重叠度等级,结果表明,虾类优势种生态位重叠以较低和低2个等级为主;虾类分布受水深、底层溶解氧和底层盐度的影响较大,受水温影响较小。虾类群落优势种空间生态位与生活习性、种间竞争、摄食以及海洋环境因子等多种因素有关。     

日照近岸海域春秋季虾蟹类的种类组成特征

作者根据2012年5月和2013年11月对日照近岸海域进行的底拖网调查资料,分析了该海域虾蟹类的种类组成、优势种和生物多样性。调查海域共捕获虾蟹类25种,根据相对重要性指数计算优势种为8种,其中经济价值较高的中大型虾蟹类5种,分别为:口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、戴氏赤虾(Meraenaeopsis dalei)、鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、日本[虫寻](Charybdis japonica)和三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)。分别计算了日照近岸海域春、秋季虾蟹类群落的多样性指数(H')、丰富度指数(D)和均匀度指数(J)。该海域虾蟹类群落多样性整体处在较低的水平,在生物量和丰度上经济较高的中大型虾蟹类物种占据优势。     

The distribution of spiny lobsters in New Zealand waters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae)

Two species of spiny lobsters (marine crayfish) inhabit New Zealand waters: Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875), and J verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards, 1851). J edwardsii, the more common species, is present along most rocky coastlines in New Zealand, but is more abundant in the south‐west of the South Island and at the Chatham Islands. The species apparently reaches its northern limit of distribution at the Three Kings Islands (34°S) and its southern limit at the Auckland Islands (51°S).

J. verreauxi, the less common species, is almost solely restricted in New Zealand waters to the north‐east coast of the North Island. It is uncommon in the west and the south of the North Island, and is rare in the South Island. J. verreauxi apparently reaches its northern limit of distribution at the Kermadec Islands (31°S), and its southern limit near Bluff (47°S) in the South Island.     

几种虾蛄生物学特性和繁殖生物学研究进展

虾蛄(Squillidae)是重要的水产增养殖品种。目前针对虾蛄类的研究主要集中在其基础生物学和繁殖生物学方面,其中在虾蛄的纳精结构、性腺发育和幼体发育等研究方面还存在诸多分歧。作者综述了几种虾蛄类,如口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、黑斑口虾蛄(O. kempi)、猛虾蛄(Harpiosquilla harpax)和棘突猛虾蛄(H. raphidea)的资源分布、生活习性、亲本、性腺和幼体发育等研究成果,以期为虾蛄繁殖生物学和人工育苗的深入研究提供参考。     

Differential selection for vegetative structure between juvenile brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) and white shrimp (P. setiferus), and implications in predator-prey relationships

The distributions of juvenile brown shrimp, Penaeus aztecus, and white shrimp, P. setiferus, (57–72 mm TL) were monitored in partially vegetated laboratory enclosures to examine selection for vegetative structure. Simulated Spartina culms, composed of green straws, were used as structure in the experiments. Brown shrimp selected for this structure during the day but not at night. White shrimp showed no strong selective preference for structure during the day or night.Selection in the field was measured by examining densities of the two species of shrimp (40–80 mm TL) in a Galveston Bay, Texas, salt marsh. Brown shrimp were more abundant in vegetated habitats (Spartina alterniflora) than in adjacent non-vegetated areas. Differences in white shrimp densities between the two habitats were variable, and no consistent pattern was observed.laboratory predation experiments were conducted in non-vegetated and vegetated cages using Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) as predators. In non-vegetated cages there was no significant selection for either species of shrimp by the fish. In partially and completely vegetated cages, fish selected white shrimp over brown shrimp. These data suggest that the presence of vegetation alters prey selection by Atlantic croaker, and this interaction may result in greater mortality of white shrimp compared with brown shrimp in salt marshes.     

Differences in the effects of mercury on predator avoidance in two populations of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio

Adult Palaemonetes pugio were collected from two tidal creek systems, Piles Creek (PC), a mercury polluted estuary, and Big Sheepshead Creek (BSC), a relatively pristine creek. Adult killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), a natural predator of P. pugio, were obtained from BSC. For each test, ten treated (0·01 mg/liter mercuric chloride (HgCl), or 0·01 mg/liter methylmercuric chloride (MeHg)), or control shrimp here introduced into a tank containing three fish. The time between capture of the first and second BSC HgCl treated shrimp was significantly faster (P < 0·05), as was the time between the first and second capture (P < 0·05) of MeHg treated BSC shrimp when compared with their respective controls. In addition, significantly more (P < 0·025) BSC HgCl treated shrimp were captured after 120 min. No significant difference existed between control and HgCl treated PC shrimp; however, significantly more PC MeHg treated shrimp were captured after 60 (P < 0·05) min when compared with their respective controls. These data suggest that PC shrimp, subjected to mercury in their natural environment, are more tolerant to the sublethal effects of both HgCl and MeHg. These data also suggest that behavioral studies can be very sensitive assays for determining the effects of sublethal concentrations of toxicants on populations of organisms.     

线粒体COI、COII和CYTB基因在鲍属物种鉴定中的适用性分析

为寻找最适于进行鲍属物种鉴定的线粒体基因, 测定了中国及日本沿海5 个皱纹盘鲍（Haliotisdiscus hannai）群体共16 个个体的线粒体基因COI、COII 以及CYTB 的完整序列, 并结合杂色鲍（H.diversicolor）、疣鲍（H. tuberculata）和黑唇鲍（H. rubra）的线粒体基...     

南海区虾拖网方目与菱目混合网囊渔获性能初步研究

虾拖网是南海区常见的作业方式,由于其网囊网目选择性差,虾拖网作业常产生大量的副渔获物。为了优化虾拖网网囊结构,提高其选择性,2015年8月在南海北部渔场用方形网目与菱形网目混合网囊进行试验。结果表明:虾拖网的渔获种类有34种;渔获种类中,康氏小公鱼(Anchoviella commersoni)、黑尾吻鳗(Rhynchoconger ectenurus)、中线天竺鲷(Apogon kiensis)和杂食豆齿鳗(Pisoodonophis boro)的尾数逃逸率均超过80%;周氏新对虾(Metapenaeus joyneri)和刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus affinis的尾数逃逸率最低,仅为6.18%和2.07%;周氏新对虾和刀额新对虾的50%选择体长(L50)分别为50.79 mm和53.858 mm;脊突猛虾姑(Harpiosquilla raphidea)的L50为62.51 mm;丽叶鲹(Caranx kalla)、中华青鳞鱼(Harengula nymphaea)、中线天竺鲷(Apogon kiensis)、赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)和黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus oramin)的L50分别为53.77、78.87、47.17、60.92和60.55 mm;混合网囊对鱼类副渔获的释放率较高,但对幼虾的释放率较低。建议今后放大网囊菱目段的网目尺寸进行相应的试验,提高混合网囊对目标种类的L50值,使其在释放鱼类副渔获物的同时释放幼虾,达到渔业资源的合理利用。     

基于低压静电场及高通量测序技术对中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)保鲜过程中微生物群落影响分析

中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)隶属于十足目、管鞭虾科、管鞭虾属, 主要分布于我国东南沿海。其富含多种必需氨基酸和矿物质, 高蛋白低脂肪, 但易受微生物污染而发生腐败变质, 需引用基于16S rRNA的高通量测序技术准确测定其微生物群落组成成分变化。以中华管鞭虾为试验材料, 采用高通量测序技术对虾肉的微生物群落碱基进行基因测序, 将产生的碱基序列通过OTU聚类、多样性及相关性分析手段研究了贮藏过程中电场处理后影响中华管鞭虾品质的微生物发育信息和群落组成变化规律。分组为新鲜样本(G0), 2 kV、3 kV及对照组贮藏中期(G1、G2、G3), 2 kV、3 kV、对照组贮藏末期(G4、G5、G6), 通过物种韦恩图、Alpha和Beta多样性以及物种组成分析, 研究不同强度电场环境对中华管鞭虾微生物群落组成的影响。结果表明, OTU聚类分析中优势菌群从属水平看为假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)和热杀索丝菌属(Brochothrix)等, 其中假交替单胞菌属能够适应高盐浓度环境, 是中华管鞭虾微生物腐败主要致腐菌。贮藏中期微生物物种多样性顺序为3 kV组>2 kV组>对照组(0 kV), 电场能够有效抑制优势菌的生长; 贮藏末期3组物种结构相近, 此时电场对虾肉菌群结构无明显影响。PCoA主成分分析图中发现, 在坐标系中贮藏中期的G1、G2、G3组距离较为接近, 贮藏末期的G4、G5、G6组距离较为接近, 说明在同一贮藏期间的各组微生物种群结构类似。综上, 贮藏前中期低压静电场能够抑制优势菌的生长, 维持微生物物种间平衡并使其物种多样性较高, 且3kV更佳, 贮藏末期时由于优势菌更适应环境, 热杀索丝菌属和肉食杆菌属占比增加, 电场对物种多样性的影响不大。研究结果可为深入探讨影响中华管鞭虾贮藏保鲜效果的微生物群落组成和基础发育信息提供有效依据。     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因序列对3种珍珠贝的鉴定

传统的形态鉴定主要依赖于分类者的经验和水平,容易产生分类错误。为提高物种鉴定的准确性,作者采用形态学与线粒体16S rRNA基因序列分析相结合的方式对广西北海涠洲岛采获的3种珍珠贝进行了鉴定。研究结果表明,基于形态学可将3种珍珠贝分别鉴定为企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)、宽珍珠贝(P.loveni)和中国珍珠贝(P.chinensis),但基于16S r RNA基因序列,形态学鉴定为P.loveni的标本应为P.lata。P.loveni和P.lata是两个完全独立的种,并非为同物异名。珍珠贝属16S rRNA基因序列的种间遗传距离明显大于种内遗传距离,适宜作为该属种类鉴定的分子标记。在基于16S r RNA基因序列构建的系统树中,相同种类的不同个体均形成单系群,并获得很高的支持率。分布于中国沿海的珍珠贝属种类应包括P.lata,是否有P.loveni的分布尚需进一步证实。     

白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的宿主调查

用地高辛 (DIG)标记的WSSVDNA探针斑点杂交与原位杂交技术 ,在中国对虾、斑节对虾、南美白对虾、刀额新对虾、脊尾白虾、天津厚蟹、日本大眼蟹体内检测到了WSSV ,它们是WSSV的天然宿主 ;在经人工感染的哈氏美人虾、短脊鼓虾、克氏原螯虾、肉球近方蟹、滕壶体内检测到了WSSV ;在球形侧腕水母、病虾池的桡足类等浮游生物、卤虫无节幼体以及人工浸泡感染卤虫成体体内没有检测到WSSV。经原位杂交检测 ,虾类的甲壳下上皮、胃上皮、附肢、造血组织、鳃等组织器官均可被WSSV侵染 ,其中甲壳下上皮和鳃对WSSV敏感 ;蟹类的甲壳下上皮和鳃对WSSV敏感 ;在中国对虾、南美白对虾、脊尾白虾、注射感染的克氏原螯虾的精巢中 ,精荚的结缔组织细胞和血细胞呈阳性 ,在中国对虾、脊尾白虾以及注射感染的短脊鼓虾的卵巢中 ,结缔组织细胞和滤泡细胞被WSSV感染。     

Mitochondrial DNA variation reveals distinct lineages in Penaeus semisulcatus (Decapoda,Penaeidae) from the Indo‐West Pacific Ocean

Penaeus semisulcatus, the green tiger prawn, is an ecologically and economically important penaeid shrimp in the Indo‐West Pacific region, especially in rice‐shrimp farming and capture fisheries in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, respectively. Genetic variation and phylogeography of samples of this species from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka were studied utilizing different mitochondrial DNA markers, i.e. cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1), control region (CR) and 16S rRNA genes. No evidence of population structure was observed in Bangladesh, but distinct variations were found among the Sri Lankan samples (Φ_ST = 0.04, p = .002; F_ST = 0.07, p = .001), with the western sample differing from the northwestern and southern samples. The Bangladesh population had lower genetic diversity than two of the three Sri Lanka populations. The phylogeography of P. semisulcatus revealed two distinct mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages, one in the Western Pacific Ocean and second in the Indian Ocean. The Bangladesh samples showed highest levels of similarity with samples from Sri Lanka, India and Malaysia, with the Bangladesh and Sri Lanka populations sharing the most common recent ancestry. Among the Indian Ocean samples, high levels of variation were observed in the samples from Iran, indicating admixture of two distinct mtDNA lineages, one shared by the populations from the Bay of Bengal and the other possibly originating from Eastern Africa. The genetic and phylogeographic information obtained in this study will be useful in appropriate planning for management and conservation of shrimp fisheries in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and in the Indo‐West Pacific region.     

印度尼西亚北苏拉威西蓝碧海峡浮游动物种类组成及分布

Based on oceanographic survey data in June 2012 in the Lembeh Strait, the zooplankton ecological characteristics such as species composition, individual abundance, dominant species and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that 183 species(including 4 sp.) had been recognized, most of them belonged to copepoda.Cnidaria followed with 43 species(including 1 sp.) were identified. The average abundance of zooplankton was(150.47±58.91) ind./m~3. As to the horizontal distribution, the abundance of the zooplankton was higher in the southern waters than in the northern waters. The dominant species in the study area were Lensia subtiloides,Sagitta enflata, Lucifer intermedius, Oikopleura rufescens, Diphyes chamissoni, Creseis acicula, Subeucalanus subcrassus, Temora discaudata, Aglaura hemistoma, Doliolum denticulatum, Canthocalanus pauper, Oikopleura longicauda and Nanomia bijuga. Zooplankton biodiversity indexes were higher in study area than previous study in the other regions. The findings from this study provide important baseline information for future research and monitoring programs.     

Acute toxicity of a used chrome lignosulphonate drilling mud to several species of marine invertebrate

The acute toxicity of a used seawater chrome lignosulphonate drilling mud to several species of marine annelids, crustaceans and molluscs was evaluated. The medium density mud (13·4 lb/gal, 1·57 kg/litre) was composed primarily of seawater, bentonite clay, chrome lignosulphonate, lignite, sodium hydroxide and barium sulphate. The toxicity of four mud/seawater preparations was determined. These were the layered solids phase (LSP), the suspended solids phase (SSP), the unfiltered mud aqueous fraction (MAF) and the filtered mud aqueous fraction (FMAF). Four species each of marine annelids and bivalve molluscs and five species of marine crustaceans were evaluated. The median lethal concentration of the MAF (96-h LC₅₀) varied from 32 to > 100% MAF for the different species. The FMAF was slightly less toxic than the MAF. Adult polychaetes, Neanthes arenaceodentata and Ctenodrilus serratus, one-day old juveniles of opossum shrimp, Mysidopsis almyra, and four day zoeae of grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, were the most sensitive to the MAF. Juvenile N. arenaceodentata, adult polychaetes, Ophryotrocha labronica, and three bivalve molluscs were highly tolerant to the MAF. The SSP preparation at concentrations of 10-20 ml/litre was toxic to post-larvae and juveniles of the commercial shrimp, Penaeus duorarum and P. aztecus, respectively. Exposure to the LSP preparation caused greater than 50% mortality amongst adult N. arenaceodentata, juvenile and adult coquina clams, Donax variabilis texasiana and adult scallops, Aequipecten amplicostatus. Other species tested were quite tolerant. A sublethal response observed was the inhibition of reproduction in the marine annelids, Dinophilus sp. and Ctenodrilus serratus. Toxicity of the mud aqueous fractions appeared to be due primarily to volatile soluble organic materials in the extract, whilst that of the SSP and LSP preparations appeared to be due to the smothering action of fine particulates in the mud. Based on the results of this investigation and published observations of solids concentrations in the water column during drilling mud discharge, it is concluded that discharge of a used chrome lignosulphonate drilling mud, such as that used in the present investigation, from offshore platforms is not likely to cause measureable damage to benthic, demersal or pelagic marine animals.     

Mesoscale coupling between planktonic cnidarian distribution and water masses during a temporal transition between active upwelling and abatement in the northern Benguela system

The composition and spatio-temporal distribution of planktonic cnidarians in the northern Benguela system are described from plankton samples collected on four cruises between December 1981 and March 1982. The sampling period was characterized by initially active coastal upwelling, followed by abatement of upwelling. In all, 20 species of medusae and 24 species of siphonophores were identified. The most abundant medusae were Chrysaora hysoscella, Aequorea aequorea and Liriope tetraphylla, and the most abundant siphonophores were Muggiaea atlantica, Abylopsis tetragona and Bassia bassensis. Three assemblages of planktonic cnidarians were differentiated. The first was associated with coastal upwelling and consisted of the medusae Proboscidactyla menoni, Aglauropsis edwardsii and juvenile C. hysoscella, along with the siphonophore M. atlantica. The second assemblage was associated with oceanic water and the component species were indicative of the offshore influence of the Benguela system; L. tetraphylla and most of the siphonophores belonged to this assemblage. The third assemblage consisted of species typical of shelf fauna, namely A. aequorea, Mitrocomella grandis and adult C. hysoscella, all also typical of the northernmost waters of the Benguela system. Overall, there was coupling between mesoscale hydrographic features and the pattern of distribution of cnidarian populations, with a distinct cross-shelf gradient that was more pronounced during active upwelling.     

基于三代测序技术的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高通量候选基因关联分析方法的建立

凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)是世界也是我国的主导对虾养殖品种,产业的发展离不开良种的支撑,分子育种被认为是加快良种选育的最有效途径,而目标性状相关分子标记的开发是发展分子育种的基础。研究主要目的是建立一种适用于凡纳滨对虾等水产经济物种的高通量候选基因关联分析方法,并在抗弧菌相关标记筛选中进行应用。首次将三代靶向测序技术用于对虾候选基因的基因分型,在抗弧菌性状候选基因LvPI3K的全长序列上发掘到91个SNP位点,通过关联分析鉴定到21个与抗弧菌性状显著相关的SNP标记(P0.05),利用Sanger测序证实了三代靶向测序技术分型结果准确可靠。所建立的基于三代测序的靶向分型方法为凡纳滨对虾等水产动物提供了一种高效、低成本的基因分型方法,所发掘的抗弧菌性状相关位点对开展凡纳滨对虾抗弧菌性状分子育种具有一定指导意义。