影像纹理的多标度分形分析

引入目前在分形几何中发展起来的多标度分形理论，发展了影像纹理的多标度分形分析，能够描述纹理结构更多的分形特征，反映影像纹理的局部分维差别，抑制目前仅基于整体分维计算存在的不同分形同分维之弊端，实现影像纹理的多分辨率分析。尽管分维测度是纹理的一个非常重要的特征，但单纯的仅基于分维测度的分析，并不足以表征所有的纹理信息。     

影像纹理的多标度分形分析

引入目前在分形几何中发展起来的多标度分形理论，发展了影像纹理的多标度分形分析，能够描述纹理结构更多的分形特征，反映影像纹理的局部分维差别，抑制目前仅基于整体分维计算存在的不同分形同分维之弊端，实现影像纹理的多分辨率分析。尽管分维测度是纹理的一个非常重要的特征，但单纯的仅基于分维测度的分析，并不足以表征所有的纹理信息。     

SAVR法──影像表面分维估计的新方法

本文在分形表面积与体积关系的基础上，导出了一种估计影像表面分维数的新方法──ＳＡＶＲ法。通过对合成的已知维数分形影像数据的测试，表明新方法在分维估值准确性和无标度区特性方面表现较优，进一步与ＢＬＡＮＫＥＴ法分维估计实验比较得出，ＳＡＶＲ法具有较强的保持多分辨影像分维估值的稳定性。最后提出了基于ＳＡＶＲ法方向分维的纹理特征度量并给出了在方向纹理分析中的应用实例。     

卫星遥感影像纹理分析与分形分维方法

讨论了影像纹理分析的分维估计原理和具体方法,提出了多波段影像纹理概念和实施方法,介绍了以所述原理进行基于分维估计的单波段和多波段影像纹理分析试验的结果。     

卫星遥感影像纹理分析与分形分维方法

讨论了影像纹理分析的分维估计原理和具体方法,提出了多波段影像纹理概念和实施方法,介绍了以所述原理进行基于分维估计的单波段和多波段影像纹理分析试验的结果。     

一种基于共生矩阵法的影像纹理分类方法

针对由共生矩阵法得到的影像纹理特征值，本文提出了用模糊聚类分析方法进行影像纹理分类，该方法不仅对纹理子样数量不作要求，而且易于统一多种类型的影像纹量的分类标准。     

航空影像纹理分类的最小二乘法和问题的分析

本文介绍航空影像理分类的最小二乘法原理和算法，该方法是建立在影像纹理ＭＲＦ参数测定的基础上，七种航空影像纹理的试验表明这种分类是有效的。通过对影像纹理的分形维以及影像分辨力对纹理分类的影响分析，表明采用了多重信息可以提高分类的正确率。     

与旋转、尺度无关的影像纹理的MRF参数估计

本文提出纹理图像尺度、旋转参数估计的数学模型，通过航空影像纹理图像分类试验，表明所提出的数学模型是正确的。对方向性强的纹理，在进行旋转变换后，可以提高纹理分类的正确率。     

与旋转,尺度无关的景像纹理的MRF参数估计

本文提出纹理图像尺度１旋转参数估计的数学模型，通过航空影像纹理图像分类试验，表明所提出的数学模型是正确的。对方向性强的纹理，在进行旋转变换后，可以提高纹理分类的正确率。     

基于纹理特征的遥感影像监督分类

影像分类技术是遥感影像分析与解译的重要基础。纹理特征是影像的重要特征,本文主要实现基于纹理特征的遥感影像监督分类。首先对地物样本进行提取,通过样本训练统计各类地物纹理特征向量,建立纹理特征库;然后以各类地物的特征向量作为基准,采用最短距离分类器对影像进行分类;最后采用混淆矩阵对分类结果进行精度评定,并与ERDAS专业软件分类结果进行对比分析。实验证明,本分方法取得了与ERDAS软件相当的分类效果,从而验证本文方法的可靠性。     

THE VARIATION OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COEFFICIENT OF REFRACTION WITH THE NATURE OF THE SOURCE OF LIGHT

Abstract

In working out vertical heights on the Akuse-Kete Krachi chain of triangulation in the Gold Coast a fairly considerable difference was found between values of the coefficient of refraction obtained from observations taken during the day and those taken at night, the mean values being 0.069 for daylight observations to heliographs and 0.087 for night observations to lamps. This difference no doubt is due mainly to the condition of the atmosphere during the day differing from its condition during the night rather than to any effect due to different sources of light. A new chain has recently been observed in Western Ashanti, and the index of refraction for the daylight observations again gave a lower value than that obtained from the night observations, the figures being 0.073 and 0.099 respectively. For the night work three different sources of light were used, hurricane lamps for short lines, Tilley vapour-pressure lamps for lines of intermediate length, and McCaw acetylene signalling lamps by Watts for long lines. It occurred, therefore, to the writer to examine the results to see if the mean values of the index of refraction showed any variations for the different light sources, since it seemed reasonable to suppose that the constitution of the light emitted from each source would be different and hence that the coefficient of refraction might vary.     

ON THE ESSENCE OF THE LANGUAGE OF THE MAP

The author continues development of his concept of cartography as the “language of the map,” an earlier paper of this subject appearing in translation in M.S.R.S., 1985, No. 1. Although the term language has been widely used to describe cartographic communication, current theory fails to incorporate aspects of the language which provide for a comprehensive understanding of its structure and function. In particular, the language of the map and its symbolic elements cannot be explained reflexively by methods and rules of symbol and map design, since these elements were developed not before but after the existence of the language. The language of the map thus is proposed as the mechanism which provides for replicability or duplication in the way a system of mapmaking-map use functions (under diverse conditions, purposes, historical periods, and levels of training of users) through its different methods, models, and norms. Translated from: Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy, 1985, No. 3, pp. 142-151.     

THE THEORY OF THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THE STEREOGRAM

The theory of the solution of the stereogram is developed from the condition that the vector triangle, formed by the base-line and the two rays from the perspective centre to a common model point, shall be in equilibrium. Using this approach the unique definition of a point in the model follows naturally from the solution of the relative orientation problem.     

试论地图形式美的规律

本文从六个方面阐述了地图形式美的规律性,最后进一步说明了其规律性与增强地图美感的关系。     

THE CALCULATION OF THE HEIGHT OF KILIMANJARO

Abstract

The observations to height Kilimanjaro were made from two ground stations, Domberg (5,081·6 ft.) and Lelatema (5,323.1 ft.) and from a point called Kibo near Kaiser Wilhelm Spitze which is regarded as the highest point on the crater rim. It was originally intended to include a third ground station, Kifaru, but it was discovered that the ice cap obstructed observations between this point and the top.     

利用卫星测高资料推求西北太平洋海域的海洋大地水准面

本文根据卫星测高数据和海面动力地形资料，绘制了不相上下北太平洋海域局部大地水准面的精细结构图，对解决卫星测高技术中大地水准面积和海面地形的可分性问题作了初步尝试。     

THE APPLICATION OF THE GAUSS METHOD OF COLLIMATION TO THE ADJUSTMENT OF SURVEY INSTRUMENTS

Abstract

Gauss's method of collimation is usually given scant attention in survey text-books. The following notes are based on experiments carried out at Accra in making a collimation base, the collimator being a Watts 2I-inch self-adjusting level fitted with a parallelplate micrometer.     

THE WORK OF THE ORDNANCE SURVEY OF THE IRISH FREE STATE

Abstract

Up to 31st March 1922, the work in Ireland with regard to the revision and supply of Ordnance Survey Maps was governed by similar rules to those existing at the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain. No changes were made in the Irish Free State until the revision of Co. Waterford was completed on the 25-inch scale in 1923. It was then decided to depart from the usual procedure of taking up the work of the revision of Counties according to a cycle of years, and to revise those particular portions of the country in which extensive alterations had been carried out by reason of the division of properties by the Congested Districts Board and the Irish Land Commission. Accordingly, those portions of Counties Galway, Mayo and Roscommon which had undergone the greatest development were taken up for revision. In all eighty-nine sheets were specially revised and completed by 1928.     

THE ADJUSTMENT OF TRIGONOMETRICAL LEVELS AND THE EVALUATION OF THE COEFFICIENT OF TERRESTRIAL REFRACTION

Abstract

This paper is written primarily with the object of ascertaining how other Colonies and Dominions deal. with the adjustment of their trigonometricallevels; further, since the greater part of Nigeria is now covered by a framework of levels of primary accuracy it is of interest to examine the results. Moreover, the evaluation of the coefficient of refraction, and from it the temperature lapse-rate, is of some importance in view of the recent publication of the War Office Aneroid Tables. These tables are based on a standard lapse-rate of temperature.