气象科普讲解大赛技巧浅析

基于气象科普讲解大赛,从比赛中可能遇到的各种问题入手,分析了气象科普讲解的选题、思路和其他注意事项。对讲解的选题原则、选题方向和讲解思路进行了较为详细的分析说明,并介绍了服饰、语言和辅助工具等相关注意事项。     

对使用L波段探测系统的几点新建议

从细节入手,探讨L波段探测系统使用过程中的操作注意事项.     

天气现象露的判定之刍见

根据多年的工作经验,总结出4点观测、判断露的注意事项。     

天气现象露的判定之刍见

根据多年的工作经验,总结出4点观测、判断露的注意事项。     

组建全省无线寻呼气象警报网的探讨

根据温州防汛抗灾警报寻呼台的实践,本文提出了若干注意事项,特别是抗干扰问题。     

一级站各类特殊报文的发报总结

总结地面测报业务中特殊报类的发报规定和注意事项,并给出发报演示.     

对夜间云观测的体会

介绍夜间进行云观测的工作程序,对云的特征进行分析,提出了观测云的注意事项。     

福建省决策气象服务工作平台功能简介

介绍福建省决策气象服务工作平台的基本业务功能,指出系统维护和县市级系统本地化工作需要注意事项.     

关于防雷检测机构计量认证工作的思考

提出了提高防雷检测机构的计量认证工作水平几点注意事项.     

怎样使用电涌保护器

简述电涌保护器的工作原理,讨论电涌保护器的选型、级配要点以及安装应注意事项。     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

A review of recent advances in research on Asian monsoon in China

This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily： （1） the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. （2） The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. （3） The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Plateau itself. （4） Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon （ASM） in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula （ICP） and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. （5） The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM）, which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. （6） The revelation of the ＂planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band＂ from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. （7） Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in Ch     

Model simulations of rainout and washout from a warm stratiform cloud

A one-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model with parameterized microphysics is used to investigate the processes which control the rainout and washout of soluble gases from warm, precipitating stratiform clouds. Calculations are presented simulating the distributions of soluble species within and below the cloud layer and in the precipitating raindrops as a function of time and species' solubility. Our calculations indicate that for species with low solubility, wet removal processes are relatively slow and thus do not significantly affect the species' gas-phase abundance. As a result, the removal of low-solubility species by rainout and washout is controlled by thermodynamic processes with the concentration of the species in cloud and rainwater largely determined by the species' solubility. For highly soluble species on the other hand, dissolution into cloud droplets and removal in rain is quite rapid and the abundance of highly soluble species within and below the cloud falls rapidly as soon as the precipitation begins. Because of this rapid decrease in concentration, we find that for highly soluble species: concentrations in cloud droplets near the cloud base can exceed that of raindrops by factors of 2 to 10; washout can dominate over rainout as a removal mechanism; and that, after an extended period of rainfall, the rate of removal becomes independent of the microphysical properties and rainfall rate of the cloud and is controlled by the rate of transport of material into the precipitating column by horizontal advection.     

Field Experimental Investigations on the Fe(II)- and Fe(III)-Content in Cloudwater Samples

The Fe(II)/Fe(III)-partition in cloudwater samples collected during two field campaigns is evaluated. It turned out that the simultaneous occurrence of complexing and reducing substances in the atmosphere and the cloud processing increase the solubility of iron compounds present in aerosol particles. A correlation between the concentration of iron(II) in the liquid phase and the intensity of the solar irradiation was observed for most of the cloudwater samples. This could be due to the fact that both the photochemical reduction of the iron(III) complexes and the photochemical reductive dissolution of iron(III)(hydr)oxides are depending on the pH-value. Iron(II) seems to be oxidised back to iron(III) preferably by hydrogen peroxide during the night. Positive correlations were received e.g. between the concentration of dissolved iron and the concentration of oxalate and between the percentage of iron(III) and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. A negative correlation was found e.g. between the concentration of dissolved iron and the pH-value. The uncertainty of the whole process of sampling and analysis was investigated and the conformity of the results was satisfying considering the sometimes difficult conditions during a field campaign.     

我国霾研究进展与公共安全影响应对*

在给出霾的定义、特征及空间分布的基础上,介绍了霾的物理学特性、化学特性及气象学研究的最新进展,分析了霾对公共卫生健康、交通安全的影响, 提出了科学编制防御规划、统筹建立协调机制、有效推进减霾行动、提供相应科技支撑、完善相关政策法规等对策建议,对于政府相关部门制定霾天气应对和防治措施具有积极的决策参考作用,减少或减轻霾对经济社会发展和人体健康带来的损害威胁。     

钉钉机器人在气象设备和网络监控中的应用

为保证各类气象设备和网络稳定运行,出现故障及时通知到人,针对目前气象设备监视和报警存在的问题,设计开发气象设备及网络监控报警软件,出现异常情况通过钉钉机器人开放接口发送报警信息到手机和电脑钉钉群,提醒业务人员及时处理故障,实现气象设备、网络情况自动监控,自动报警功能。通过业务运行表明,该软件在气象设备及网络监控业务中能提高发现设备和网络故障的时效,自动化程度高,缩短了维护人员处理故障的时效性,是钉钉机器人在气象设备和网络监测报警应用的积极探索。     

人工影响天气弹药储运安全保障探讨

人工影响天气弹药仓储、运输困难严重影响安全作业.以湖南省人工影响天气弹药储运为例,从现代管理技术和机制上探讨人工影响天气弹药储运安全保障措施.结果表明,采用分区划片、区域保障的仓储原则可以解决炮弹火箭弹禁止混存的问题;通过物联网系统建设实现弹药信息化科学管理,通过构建政府主导、军地协同、部门落实的人工影响天气弹药安全保...     

广西1999年12月严重霜冻与典型霜冻重年的环流对比分析

通过对1999年12月广西严重霜冻天气同期500hPa高度场和海平面气压场特征及前期500 hPa高度的相关场分析,得到北半球中高纬度槽脊的位置与强度,地面大陆冷高压强弱,是影响广西12月霜冻的主要环流形势;当年1月、9月极涡强度、位置,北美高压脊强度,及黑海附近低槽强弱,是影响广西12月霜冻天气重、轻的重要因子。     

THE EFFECTS OF EXTERNAL FORCING,DISSIPATION AND NONLINEARITY ON THE SOLUTIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS

Based on the primitive equations of the atmosphere,we study the effects of external forcing.dissipation and nonlinearity on the solutions of stationary motion and non-stationary motion.Theresults show that the asymptotic behavior of solutions of the forced dissipative nonlinear system isessentially different from that of the adiabatic non-dissipative system,the adiabatic dissipativesystem,the diabatic non-dissipative system and the diabatic dissipative linear system,and that thejoint action of external forcing,dissipation and nonlinearity is the source of multiple equilibria.From this we can conclude that the important actions of diabatic heating and dissipation must beconsidered in the models of the long-term weather and the climate.     

1961—2018年中国主要江河枯季径流演变特征与成因

枯季是水旱、水生态和水资源问题的重要时期,枯季径流的变化直接影响着河流生态和流域水资源管理.基于中国网格气象数据和主要江河枯季径流资料,初步分析了1961—2018年中国气候变化趋势和主要江河枯季径流演变特征与成因.结果表明,全国枯季平均气温显著上升,北方地区升温较早,南方地区2001—2018年升温明显.全国约84％...