孟加拉湾热源与中国夏季雨带分布的关系——Rossby波的作用

应用水平非均匀基流下球面行星波的传播理论,分析了夏季风爆发后孟加拉湾热源产生的Rossby波的频散路径及其与中国夏季大范围雨带分布的关系。研究结果表明:10—20d周期的Rossby波从孟加拉湾往北穿过中南半岛到达我国西南地区、进一步穿过长江流域到达华北和东北地区,其传播路径与我国夏季降水逐渐北移路径非常吻合,Rossby波的能量7—10d可以频散到当月的雨带区域;而30—60d周期的Rossby波传播路径主要分为两支,一支与10—20d周期的波路径一致,另外一支从孟加拉湾东传到菲律宾附近然后转向西北太平洋、到达日本及其以东沿海,之后继续往北美洲传播,与准定常Rossby波的传播路径一致,可以解释东亚-太平洋遥相关波列,其直接影响的范围主要分布在我国东部沿海及日本一带。对影响我国夏季降水的Rossby波传播过程中能量变化特征的分析表明:夏季低层850hPa上Rossby波传播过程能量不断衰减,扰动动能向基本流动能转化,而高空200hPa上Rossby波能量以振荡为主,波流之间相互转换。     

北太平洋副热带逆流区海流的准90天振荡

根据 POCM模式输出的流场资料 (1993年 1月 1日～ 1998年 12月 31日 ) ,运用小波分析方法分析北太平洋副热带逆流区海流的季节内振荡特征 ,并用功率谱方法作了验证。结果表明 :在以 19.81°N为中心 ,18～ 2 2°N,16 0°E以西的西太平洋海域 ,海流具有显著的准 90 d振荡特征 ;该振荡对应的波长约为 86 5 km,沿 19.81°N该振荡信号自东向西传播的相速度约为 0 .0 9m/ s。从能量角度看 ,该振荡信号主要存在于 15 0 m以内的海洋次表层 ,2 2 2 .5 m深度能量是 6 2 .5 m能量的13%。     

热带太平洋表面水温的波动与埃尔尼诺的关系

将热带太平洋表面水温的时空变化视为各种波动的合成,用频率一波数谱方法进行分析,得到三个方面结果.1.各种波动的时空谱特征是:主峰集中于低频段和低波数上,随频数和波数的增加谱值迅速衰减;同一频率一波数下,西退波大于东进波的情况居多.2.各种波动的比重和位置是:准静止波甚微,瞬变波占绝大多数;驻波占瞬变波的13%,移动波占87%,东进波占瞬变波的42%,西退波占44%;静止波的波脊在93°W,驻波的波腹居93°W.3.主要波动与埃尔尼诺事件密切相关,并能解释一些现象(1)波动周期与埃尔尼诺/南方涛动的周期是相近的;(2)波动波幅与同一频率下埃尔尼诺/南方涛动的幅度是相近的;(3)波动的波向、传播的距离和历时与埃尔尼诺的运动是相近的;(4)准静止波波脊和驻波波腹出现在90°W附近,从而加强了该处的波动,这与埃尔尼诺事件在南美洲沿岸的温度变幅为最大是一致的.     

Rossby波临界周期与海面高度异常能谱临界周期在南海的空间分布特征

本文利用WOA01(the Word Ocean Atlas 2001)海水各层气候态温盐数据计算南海Rossby波临界周期,并与其在同纬度西北太平洋中的分布对比.结果显示,在南海中Rossby波临界周期随纬度增加而逐渐增加,并且由于南海的特殊地形,海盆中Rossby波临界周期呈北东-南西向分布,与其在大洋中呈纬向带状分布不同.通过分析南海各网格点上海面高度异常(SSHA,the sea surface height anomaly)的能谱,我们发现在海盆中部其临界周期与当地Rossby波临界周期基本相同,其值也随纬度增加而逐渐增加,因而从观测上验证了模式结果,即在海面风应力旋度能谱临界周期小于等于当地Rossby波临界周期的条件下,海洋响应能谱临界周期等于当地Rossby波临界周期.     

西太平洋暖池区热带波动的天气效应

为了探讨西太平洋暧地区热带波动的天气效应，利用1980年2－9月140°E日本静止卫星纬度时间剖面卫星云图，分析了5d和14d左右周期热带波动云的演变特征，井综合分析了14d周期的云系演变型式与流场的关系，为预报热带中期天气变化规律提供了依据；热带波动中30－60d大气低频振荡的云量变化最显著，北半球夏半年热带波动的天气压主要在10°N－0°，各半年在10°N－10°S，超过这个区域热带云量的港分布型式就有明显的变化。     

时间平均基本气流中的定常Rossby波频散及能量西传特征

本文利用正压无辐散模式讨论时间平均基本气流中的行星波活动特性。结果表明,当经向基本气流v≠0时,Rossby波在东风带(u<0)和西风带(u>0)里均存在振荡解。此外,在一定条件下,定常Rossby波能量可以向西传播。本文给出了定常Rossby波能量西传的充分必要条件,并且求得了波包能量传播路径的近似方程。所得结论可以解释埃尔尼诺与大气和海洋环流之间的某些遥相关现象,从而加深了对海、气环流异常物理机制的认识。     

南海简正模态型季节内振荡的数值模拟

本文基于大洋环流数值模式HYCOM对南海季节内振荡进行模拟,并利用CEOF方法对季节内振荡的物理特性进行了分析。结果表明,季节内振荡起源于南海东边界并以5.87cm·s-1向西传播,在南海海盆内存在3个完整波型,波长为360km,周期为71d。季节内振荡引起的流速振幅在表层最大,随着深度的增加迅速减小。Rossby波理论的分析结果表明,该振荡是南海海盆内的简正模态,属于Rossby波的第一斜压模态。     

厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜信号循环回路及其传播特性研究

基于1992～2001年卫星高度计资料分析了海面高度距平在厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜(El Niño/La Niña)现象中的演变过程,发现:(1)在El Niño过程中,海面高度正距平信号从西太平洋沿赤道海域向东传播至东海岸,然后分成南北两支,北支在10°N附近从东太平洋传回西太平洋的信号最强,到达西太沿岸海域再传回赤道,表明El Niño信号传播在北半球存在一明显循环回路.赤道以南循环圈不及赤道以北环路清晰.东太平洋的季节变化信号主要通过6°N,10°N和8°S附近的3个通道向西太平洋传播.La Niña信号主要从5°N和7°S向西传播;(2)在大洋海盆尺度快速传播信号背景下,存在波长700～800km的慢速传播信号,两类信号将信息在太平洋内传送.传播速度分析表明,慢速传播信号的相速与Rossby波相速相符,而快速传播信号应该是海洋对大气变异的响应.     

地球流体中的非线性Rossby波

Rossby波是由行星涡度随纬度变化引起的一种波动,它是地球流体中大尺度运动的主要波动之一.     

太平洋北赤道流区上层海洋季节内振荡及斜压稳定性

根据全球高分辨率的海洋环流模式 (POCM)的数值模拟结果 ,发现北赤道流区上层海洋流的季节内变化是以准 60天振荡为主 ,该准 60天振荡的振幅有年际变化。利用 2 .5层海洋模式 ,确定了NEC区纬向Rossby波解的频散关系。该关系表明 :北赤道流区行星波和波长小于 5 70km的Rossby波都为稳定波 ;波长小于 2 0 0 0km ,大于 5 70km的Rossby为不稳定波 ;最不稳定波的相速度和波长分别为 - 0 .1 45m·s- 1 和 785km。斜压不稳定是北赤道流区上层海洋准 60天振荡的主要形成机制     

Zonal distribution features of high frequency planetary waves in the oceans derived from satellite altimeter data

1IntroductionTheavailabilityofnearly9aofhighqual-itysealevelanomaly(SLA)datafromsatellitealtimetersmakesitnowpossibletoestimatethedominantsignalsofvariabilityintheglobalo-ceanmoreaccuratelythanwaspreviouslypos-sible.Moreover,mergingtheT/PandERS-1and2altimeterdatathroughanadvancedglobalobjectiveanalysiscangreatlyimproveoura-bilitytoaccuratelyestimateoceanicvariabili-tycomparedwithusingasinglealtimeter(BoulagerandMenkes,1995).ThealtimeterdatarevealthedominantroleofplanetaryRoss-bywavesinocea…     

Long baroclinic Rossby waves with periods of about 500d near 20°N in the northwest Pacific Ocean

On the basis of maps of sea level anomalies data set from October 1992 to January 2004, pronounced low frequency variations with periods of about 500 d are detected in the area near 20°N from 160°W to 130°E. A linear two-layer model is employed to explain the mechanism. It is found that the first-mode long baroclinic Rossby waves at 20°N in the northwest Pacific propagate westward in the form of free waves at a speed of about 10.3 cm/s. This confirms that the observed low frequency variabilities appear as baroclinic Rossby waves. It further shows that these low frequency variabilities around 20°N in the northwest Pacific can potentially be predicted with a lead up to 900 d.     

Long baroclinic Rossby waves with periods of about 500d near 20°N in the northwest Pacific Ocean

1IntroductionThe oceanic Rossby waves play an importantrole in the large-scale oceanic circulations.In the o-ceans baroclinic Rossby waves have surface manifes-tations of just a fewcentimeters,and wavelengths atmid-latitudes of hundreds to thousands of ki…     

Variability of the Dokdo Abyssal Current observed in the Ulleung Interplain Gap of the East/Japan Sea

Subinertial fluctuation of a strong northward deep current, which is referred to the Dokdo Abyssal Current (DAC) by Chang et al. (2009), is investigated from current records for about 16.5 and 8.0 months in the Ulleung Interplain Gap of the East/Japan Sea. The current below 300 m is bottom-intensified and has nearly depth-independent flow. Near bottom, the spectral peaks of the current were found near 10, 20, and 60 d. The DAC variability near 10 d and 20 d is reasonably consistent with the linear theory of topographic Rossby waves (TRWs) in the following aspects: (1) The motion is columnar and bottom-intensified; (2) the theoretical cutoff frequency is similar to the observation; (3) The observation-based angles of the wavenumber vector are in good agreement with the theoretical ones. The wavelengths of the TRWs with periods of near 10 d and 20 d near Dokdo are significantly shorter than those with similar timescales in the open oceans (100-250 km). It is primarily due to the weak stratification below 300 m in the East Sea. The deep current fluctuations with periods of near 10 d and 20 d were accompanied by warm events in the upper layer resulting from eddying processes and/or meandering of the Tsushima Warm Current.     

Dynamics of the Crimea shelf waters in summer

In this paper, the main results of field research into the seawater dynamics on the shelf of the Crimea in the summer of 1991 are reported. It is shown that in the weather frequency band, the oscillations with periods of 11–12 days have the greatest amplitude. These represent coastal-trapped waves with a spatial scale of the order of the length of the Black Sea coastline. These waves are generated by distant winds and significantly disturb the response of the Crimea shelf waters to local wind forcing. A transient upwelling-downwelling circulation having a period of 5–7 days is induced by local winds and is not accompanied by the generation of trapped waves at the frequency of forcing. Since the average circulation on the shelf of the Crimea is of cyclonic character, downwelling events are found more frequently and have longer time periods than the upwelling events. The wind-generated trapped waves on the shelves of the Crimea and Kerch Peninsula have an average period of 27 h. The inertial oscillations were well expressed during an experiment resembling long-wave motions.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Observations of Rossby waves near site D1

A theory of Rossby waves makes a number of predictions about motions below the thermocline at Site D (39°10'N, 70°W). An experiment was made to test these predictions. Kinetic energy spectra show most of the energy is associated with periods of a week to a few months. The Reynolds' stress is negative for these periods. There is high coherence and on phase shift between 1000 m and 2000 m depths. Most of the wave-number estimates point to the south-west quadrant, consistent with westward propagation and with momentum flux into the Gulf Stream and energy flux out of it. There is enough consistency between statistics based on successive 8-month records to conclude that statistics based on a single 8-month record near Site D are meaningful. In an 8-month array of twenty-six current meters, for periods of a week to a month, the divergence is small compared to the vorticity, and the motion is transverse. The energy increases toward the bottom. The observed wave-numbers and frequencies fit the theoretical dispersion relationship satisfactorily. The kinetic energy of the fluctuations is much larger near the Gulf Stream than farther upslope. The vorticity is in quadrature with the upslope velocity. I conclude there is strong evidence that topographic Rossby wave mechanics are dominant below the thermocline on the continental rise north of the Gulf Stream.     

Interaction between a synoptic eddy and a Rossby wave

The behaviour of an isolated synoptic eddy on the -plane in the field of a plane Rossby wave is reported. As is shown, the eddy exchanges its energy intensively with Rossby waves having zero frequency in the frame of axes moving with the eddy. If the Rossby wave has an amplitude exceeding some critical value, a transition from average translational eddy motion along the meridian to oscillations in the vicinity of the equilibrium latitude is possible.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. UDK 551.465.535:551.466.     

Analysis of thermohaline and current distribution characteristics of Zhejiang and Fujian waters in summer

This paper analyzed the distribution of thermohaline and circulation characteristics of Zhejiang and Fujian waters, based on the cross-sectional thermohaline data and on current data (up to 30 d duration) at fixed-point moorings, collected in the summer of 2006. We also performed low-pass filtering and spectrum analysis on the mooring submersible buoy data. Based on that analysis, we discussed the characteristics of low frequency currents and time-variations in these waters. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) There is a low salinity pinnate area near the Hangzhou Bay in summer, and outside the low salinity area, an obvious salinity front is present from surface to bottom near 123°E. There is also a temperature front below the surface at a corresponding position. (2) Bottom water of the Taiwan Warm Current comes from the subsurface of Kuroshio. (3) The direction of low frequency current at fixed anchor stations is N-NE or S, which mainly depends on the interaction of control currents in this waters. (4) Significant spectral peaks at all mooring stations are typically semidiurnal and diurnal tides. Semidiurnal tidal waves are the main ones in these waters, and have more energy closer to the shore. (5) Significant energy spectral peaks of middle period (3 to 8 d) of currents are responses to weather frequency. (6) Significant energy spectral peaks of long periods at the surface or bottom are probably responses to seasonal wind or bottom friction, while, the long period peaks of other depths can reflect cyclical changes of interactions between currents. We conclude that the pulsation period of the Taiwan Warm Current in these waters is 10-17 d.     

粤东后江湾冲流带滩面高频振动及动力作用分析

利用涌浪影响下短时段内的冲流带滩面高频高程数据和碎波带波流资料,在奇异谱分析(SSA)的基础上,对比研究了不同形态滩面的冲淤变化趋势、趋势分布形状、冲淤变化周期和冲淤变化强度,以及同一条剖面不同桩点间各因素间的变化关系;用交叉谱方法探索了每分钟滩面高频冲淤变化与碎波带长重力波间的作用关系。分析结果表明,滩角韵律地形引起的冲流分流作用促进了滩脊向滩谷的泥沙转运,冲流带滩面存在明显的长重力波频段的周期性冲淤振动,滩面冲淤振动强度由滩面下部向上部递减,碎波带长重力波对滩面高频冲淤变化起重要作用。     

Long-period waves in the vicinity of Onagawa Bay (I)

To investigate the response characteristics of a bay to tsunamis, field measurements of long-period waves have been carried out at Onagawa and Okachi Bays, both of which face the Pacific Ocean in northern Japan. In Onagawa Bay, the observed transfer function is in good agreement with the prediction based on the one-dimensional numerical model, in the period range larger than about 15 minutes. The response of shorter periods seems to be influenced by the two-dimensionality of the bay. The oscillations within Onagawa Harbor are also discussed with respect to the relative amplitude and phase at two stations inside the harbor and it is estimated that the reflection coefficient at the waterfront is about 0.7. In Okachi Bay, the oscillations in the period range larger than about 10 minutes could be explained by a Y-shaped model of the bay. The dominant oscillations offshore of these two-bays are found to be the mode with the motion predominantly in the direction normal to the shelf orientation, and the estimated power spectral density of incoming waves in deep water varies asf ^–2,f being the frequency. The waves of lateral modes, such as edge waves on the shelf, are small and of minor importance to generate bay oscillations of longer periods.