临潼—长安断裂第四纪活动性勘探

临潼—长安断裂是西安市附近的一条重要活动断裂,影响到西安市部分扩展区域的发展.本文主要采用浅层地震勘探、钻探以及年代学方法对临潼—长安断裂的活动性进行判定.浅层地震勘探结果反映临潼—长安断裂错断第四纪以来的多套地层,错距自下而上在逐渐减小,反映了断裂长期以来的生长特性.钻孔联合地质剖面显示该断裂错断了中更新世的粗砂及粘土层,错距在8.7～2.5 m之间.由下至上减小的活动速率反映了该断裂的活动在减弱.     

临潼-长安断裂活动性研究

临潼—长安断裂是渭河盆地内部骊山凸起和西安凹陷之间一条重要的分界性断裂,前人研究表明该断裂在全新世有强烈活动。通过对该地区钻孔资料的收集整理、跨断裂阶地测量分析以及晚更新世古土壤标志层错距的量测,分析了早更新世后期以来断裂的活动性特征,认为临潼-长安断裂在中更新统以前有过强烈活动,中更新世以来断裂活动性明显减弱,活动形式表现为张裂或小的位错。     

临潼-长安断裂带晚第四纪以来的活动性

对临潼-长安断裂带进行了详细的野外调查,以期掌握其最新活动年代和第四纪以来的活动特征。该断裂总体走向NE,以张性垂直运动为主,断面明显错断了黄土中的第1层古土壤S1,说明其晚更新世以来仍在活动,并且北段和中段的活动性比南段强,但是错距大多<2m,滑动速率较小,考虑到临潼-长安断裂带由多条次级断层组成,其整体活动性应该比我们计算得到的局部断层滑动速率大得多。断层错距自上而下成递增趋势,并且根据不同地层年代计算出的滑动速率基本一致,因此该断裂带自中更新世晚期以来极可能以垂向蠕滑活动为主     

晚更新世以来黄土塬区临潼-长安断裂的活动性研究

黄土塬区晚更新世风成黄土分布广、特征明显,与断裂关系直接.通过小鲍陂、桥沟、冢底村3个典型晚更新世断层剖面的仔细观察、测量和年代学工作,获得了白鹿塬、少陵塬、横岭塬3个黄土台塬上临潼-长安断裂晚更新世以来的活动性参数和区域地层的年代序列.研究结果表明,晚更新世以来临潼-长安断裂在白鹿塬段活动性最强,明显错断了黄土L1-2地层,而其两侧的少陵塬和横岭塬上,同时期断裂的活动性相对弱些.剖面中黄土L1-2及其以上地层被裂缝穿切的现象有可能说明,晚更新世中晚期以来临潼-长安断裂仍在活动,仅是强度有所减弱.     

临潼-长安断裂带(FN )西段走向研究

临潼-长安断裂是渭河盆地内西安凹陷与骊山凸起的分界断裂,该断裂东北段位置和走向清楚,但西南段(神禾塬以西)的推测走向并无实证资料。在临潼-长安断裂西南方向延伸区域内,通过对3条总长近27km的人工地震勘探剖面解译,发现均存在北倾断裂异常,在其中1处异常布置的地质钻探剖面显示,上更新统和中更新统地层存在错断现象。这些勘探异常点被认为是临潼-长安断裂带中的最北侧断裂FN,其连线基本在1条线上,以大约SW240°的方向,延续了临潼-长安断裂带中段走向,继续向西南方向延伸。     

西安及邻区晚第四纪以来构造活动习性初探

对西安及邻区展布的华山山前断裂、渭河断裂和临潼-长安断裂等重要断裂进行重点观测,并以 1556年华县地震和史前地震遗迹调查为主线进行考察编录,对该地区晚第四纪以来地震活动习性进行追溯.     

临潼-长安断裂带的几何结构及形成机理

根据野外大量断层露头以及人工地震结果表明,临潼——长安断裂带主要由两条断层组成,即麻街——碾湾断层和胡家沟——首帕张断层. 麻街——碾湾断层, 在灞河右岸的高桥分出一条分支断层,即王家碥——侯家湾断层; 胡家沟——首帕张断层在铜人塬和少陵塬分出一条分支断层,即冢底村——唐家寨断层. 断裂表现为张性倾滑正断层性质,平面上局部范围大致呈平行等间距展布,剖面上向西北呈阶梯状降落,成ldquo;Yrdquo;字型组合。深地震反射结果显示,该断裂深约5——8 km,为基底断裂,深部为铲形正断层. 临潼——长安断裂带是在近南北向引张应力场的作用下形成的典型的伸展断裂系,同时受余下——铁炉子断裂左旋走滑运动的影响,使断裂带从东北向西南呈帚状展布形态.      

临潼-长安断裂带构造变形及分段特征

对临潼-长安断裂带1970～1996年跨断裂水准资料、1983-2004年跨断层场地水准资料和1992～2004年重力段差资料进行了定量计算与分析。分析结果表明：①临潼-长安断裂是近期非常活跃的断裂，断裂带中主次断裂具有对称活动特点，江伊-鲍坡断裂在该断裂带整体活动中居主动地位；②跨临潼-长安断裂带的麻街和沣峪口两场地在地震前，垂直形变均不同程度地出现准同步快速下降的异常变化，但震后区域应力场的调整过程中两场地的影响存在差异；③临潼-长安断裂带的活动具有明显的分段性特点，形变测量资料分析表明，其南段活动比较稳定，而北段的活动则很活跃；④场地水准与跨断裂水准资料有较好的一致性，重力段差变化与场地垂直形变有较好的相关性。     

渭河盆地现今地形变特征研究及地震活动分析

1970年有台网记录以来,渭河盆地共发生4.0级以上地震2次,均发生在渭河断裂和临潼-长安断裂交界处附近.其中渭河断裂带为渭河盆地一条最显著的地震活动带,自公元前280年以来有20次5级以上地震与该断裂带有关.     

临潼-长安断裂带晚更新世时期的活动特征

对野外大量断层露头及探槽剖面分析所作表明,临潼—长安断裂带错断晚更新世第一古土壤层0.2~6.0m,平均1.1m,最大活动速率为0.047mm/a。在晚更新世晚期断裂表现为裂缝形式,地层没有明显的错动,断裂活动较弱。晚更新世白鹿塬段断裂活动相对较强。     

九寨沟M_S7.0地震对巴颜喀拉块体东北缘活动断裂影响的有限元模拟

在详细调研地震地质资料的基础上,构建了巴颜喀拉地块东北缘三维有限元模型。以九寨沟M_S7.0地震同震位错为荷载,模拟计算了九寨沟地震的发生对巴颜喀拉块体东北缘主要活动断裂加卸载效应的影响。模拟结果显示,九寨沟地震的发生对龙日坝断裂、虎牙断裂、青川-平武断裂西段、迭部-白龙江断裂西段和东段、临潭-宕昌断裂东段,以及处于甘青川交界危险区内的东昆仑断裂东段、塔藏断裂西段,处于六盘山南-西秦岭东危险区的西秦岭北缘断裂东段表现为库仑应力加载;对岷江断裂、塔藏断裂东段库仑应力卸载效应显著。     

水系的分形特征与红河断裂带活动性关系初探

将分形几何学的原理和方法，应用于红河断裂带中南段断错水系的研究。发现断错水系的分维值变化可以反映当地新构造活动的的变化趋势，中段水系的分维值总体上高于南段，南段内部分维值有一定的变化，反映出断裂带的构造活动性由中段尾部向两头增强的趋势。     

LATE-QUATERNARY ACTIVITY OF THE YALAHE FAULT OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE,EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBET PLATEAU

Complex geometrical structures on strike-slip faults would likely affect fault behavior such as strain accumulation and distribution, seismic rupture process, etc. The Xianshuihe Fault has been considered to be a Holocene active strike-slip fault with a high horizontal slip rate along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. During the past 300 years, the Xianshuihe Fault produced 8 earthquakes with magnitude≥7 along the whole fault and showed strong activities of large earthquakes. Taking the Huiyuansi Basin as a structure boundary, the northwestern and southeastern segments of the Xianshuihe Fault show different characteristics. The northwestern segment, consisting of the Luhuo, Daofu and Qianning sections, shows a left-stepping en echelon pattern by simple fault strands. However, the southeastern segment(Huiyuansi-Kangding segment)has a complex structure and is divided into three sub-faults: the Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang Faults. To the south of Kangding County, the Moxi segment of the Xianshuihe Fault shows a simple structure. The previous studies suggest that the three sub-faults(the Yalahe, Selaha and Zheduotang Faults of the Huiyuansi-Kangding segment)unevenly distribute the strain of the northwestern segment of the Xianshuihe Fault. However, the disagreement of the new activity of the Yalahe Fault limits the understanding of the strain distribution model of the Huiyuansi-Kangding segment. Most scholars believed that the Yalahe Fault is a Holocene active fault. However, Zhang et al.(2017)used low-temperature thermochronology to study the cooling history of the Gongga rock mass, and suggested that the Yalahe Fault is now inactive and the latest activity of the Xianshuihe Fault has moved westward over the Selaha Fault. The Yalahe Fault is the only segment of the Xianshuihe Fault that lacks records of the strong historical earthquakes. Moreover, the Yalahe Fault is located in the alpine valley area, and the previous traffic conditions were very bad. Thus, the previous research on fault activity of the fault relied mainly on the interpretation of remote sensing, and the uncertainty was relatively large. Through remote sensing and field investigation, we found the geological and geomorphological evidence for Holocene activity of the Yalahe Fault. Moreover, we found a well-preserved seismic surface rupture zone with a length of about 10km near the Yariacuo and the co-seismic offsets of the earthquake are about 2.5~3.5m. In addition, we also advance the new active fault track of the Yalahe Fault to Yala Town near Kangding County. In Wangmu and Yala Town, we found the geological evidence for the latest fault activity that the Holocene alluvial fans were dislocated by the fault. These evidences suggest that the Yalahe Fault is a Holocene active fault, and has the seismogenic tectonic condition to produce a large earthquake, just like the Selaha and Zheduotang Faults. These also provide seismic geological evidence for the strain distribution model of the Kangding-Huiyuansi segment of the Xianshuihe Fault.     

research on characteristics of late quaternary activity of the jiangsu segment of anqiu-juxian fault in the tanlu fault zone

Anqiu-Juxian Fault is an important fault in the Tanlu fault zone, with the highest seismic risk, the most recent activity date, and the most obvious surface traces. Due to lack of credible geological evidences, there is big controversy on the Holocene activity in the Jiangsu segment of this fault. Research on the characteristics of late Quaternary activity in the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, particularly its latest activity time, is of great significance to assessment of its earthquake ability and seismic risk. Based on field investigations on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, and combining with the results of fault activities identification on this fault in Suqian City, we discussed the characteristics of its activities in late Quaternary. Multiple geological sections we found in this study and the results of fault activities identification in Suqian City all indicate that there was an ancient seismic event occurring in middle period of Holocene in the segment from southern Maling Mountain to Suqian City; but the trench at Houchen village did not show any evidence of Holocene activity on the Chonggangshan segment of this fault. Based on method of shallow seismic exploration, we carried out a systematic exploration of this fault to get its accurate position and activity characteristics. The results show that Anqiu-Juxian Fault in Suqian City is mainly characterized by dextral strike-slip, associated with both thrusting and extensional movement in different positions. A series of low hills were formed along the fault in the north of Suqian City, and a small graben basin was formed in the south of Suqian City, both are controlled by the dextral strike-slip movement of this fault. The Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault in general is characterized by dextral strike-slip with thrusting movement. But some parts of it are characterized by dextral strike-slip with extensional movement. The Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault experienced a number of activities since the late Quaternary, with an obvious activity in Holocene. The seismic activities of Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault have the characteristic of high intensity and low frequency. Its activities decrease gradually from north to south as a whole.     

青海日月山断裂德州段断错地貌的高分辨率遥感影像解译

青海日月山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘柴达木—祁连活动地块内部的一条NNW走向的右旋走滑兼逆冲断裂。 本文基于ENVI 5.1遥感图像处理平台对研究区高分一号多光谱(分辨率8 m)和全色(分辨率2 m)影像进行融合, 获取了高保真、 高分辨率的卫星遥感影像。 通过多尺度、 多角度、 多层次的构造解译以及对比, 将日月山西支断裂的海晏段划分为德州段(F_1-3)和海晏段(F_1-4)两个次级段, 同时利用高分辨率Google Earth影像对德州段断错微地貌进行了解译、 分析, 结合对德州段野外地质考察, 进一步验证了影像解译结果。 研究表明: 日月山断裂的德州段由5条次级段落组成(f₁, f₂, f₃, f₄, f₅), 并且该段断裂晚更新世以来活动性明显, 以右旋走滑为主兼有逆倾滑分量; 断裂在晚更新世以来发生过多期断层活动, 其中全新世断层活动可划分为两期, 最新一期水平位错量为6.5~8.7 m, 第二期水平位错量为12.3~14 m; 晚更新世也可划分出两期活动, 第一期水平位错量为16~20 m, 第二期水平位错量为28.5~47 m。     

四川龙泉山断裂带变形特征及其活动性初步研究

文中通过野外调查和地震反射剖面研究,获取了龙泉山断裂带的变形特征。龙泉山断裂带主逆冲断层位于龙泉山背斜的西翼,具有明显的分段性特征,北段与南段断层面倾向NW,断续分布;中段断层面倾向SE,形成典型的断层传播褶皱,并且断层已经沿背斜前翼膝折带的轴突破,形成贯通的突破断层。因此,中段构成了龙泉山断裂的主体。地貌对断裂活动性的响应表明龙泉山断裂早更新世—晚更新世有过一定的活动,晚更新世以来活动速率较低,且活动性具有从南向北逐渐减弱的趋势     

肃北野马河北侧断裂地貌特征及其晚第四纪活动性

阿尔金活动断裂带东段的滑动速率由西向东逐渐减小,而肃北是阿尔金断裂东段滑动速率的"突变点"之一。在肃北以东分布多条分支断裂,野马河北侧断裂便是其中的一条。野马河北侧断裂长约30km,总体走向NEE,该断裂沿野马河盆地北侧山前洪积扇延伸,沿断裂具有大量的左旋走滑和逆冲等地貌现象,多处冲沟出露有断层剖面。野外调查结果表明该断裂是一条左旋走滑兼逆冲断裂,错断了晚更新世时期形成的洪积扇或冲沟阶地。通过实测得到地貌面左旋、垂直错动数据,并采集样品测试相关地貌面的年龄,估算该断裂晚更新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为(1.27±0.18)mm/a,平均逆冲速率为(0.4±0.07)mm/a,该断裂分解了阿尔金断裂东段的部分运动量     

DETERMINATION OF SLIP RATE ON THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF THE ANNINGHE FAULT

The Anninghe Fault has been suggested as an important segment of the fault system along the eastern boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan faulted block in the southeastern region of the Tibetan plateau. Reliable determination of the Late Quaternary slip rate on the Anninghe Fault is very helpful and significant for revealing deformation mechanism and kinematic characteristics of the Sichuan-Yunnan faulted block, which further helps us understand fault activity and seismic potential of the region. However, previous studies were focused mainly on the northern segment of the Anninghe Fault, while slip rate on its southern segment has been less studied. Therefore, in this paper, we chose two sites at Dashuigou and Maoheshan on the southern segment of the Anninghe Fault, and used high-resolution images of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)photogrammetry technology, detailed field survey, multiple paleoseismic trenching and radiocarbon dating methods to constrain slip rate on the southern fault segment of the Anninghe Fault. Specifically, we suggest that the slip rate at the Dashuigouo site is narrowly constrained to be~4.4mm/a since about 3^￣￣300a^￣￣BP based on a linear regression calculation method, and speculate that a slip rate of 2.6~5.2mm/a at the Maoheshan site would be highly possible, although we poorly constrained the whole deformation amount of the two branch faults at the Maoheshan site from multiple paleoseismic trenching. The data at the two sites on the southern segment show a consistent slip rate compared with that of the northern segment of the Anninghe Fault. Moreover, considering a similar paleoseismic recurrence interval on the two segments of the Anninghe Fault from previous studies, we further suggest that the fault activity and deformation pattern on the two segments of the Annignhe Fault appears to be well consistent, which is also in agreement with the regional tectonic deformation.     

NEW EVIDENCES OF HOLOCENE ACTIVITY IN THE JIANGSU SEGMENT OF ANQIU-JUXIAN FAULT OF THE TANLU FAULT ZONE

Anqiu-Juxian Fault is an important fault in the Tanlu fault zone, with the largest seismic risk, the most recent activity date and the most obvious surface traces. It is also the seismogenic fault of the Tancheng M8 1/2 earthquake in 1668. There are many different views about the southern termination location of surface rupture of the Tancheng earthquake and the Holocene activity in Jiangsu segment of this fault. Research on the latest activity time of the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, particularly the termination location of surface rupture of the Tancheng earthquake, is of great significance to the assessment of its earthquake potential and seismic risk. Based on trench excavation on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, we discuss the time and characteristics of its latest activity. Multiple geological sections from southern Maling Mountain to Chonggang Mountain indicate that there was an ancient seismic event occurring in Holocene on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault. We suggest the time of the latest seismic event is about(4.853±0.012)~(2.92±0.3)ka BP by dating results. The latest activity is characterized by thrust strike-slip faulting, with the maximum displacement of 1m. Combined with the fault rupture characteristics of each section, it is inferred that only one large-scale paleo-earthquake event occurred on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault since the Holocene. The upper parts of the fault are covered by horizontal sand layers, not only on the trench in the west of Chonggang mountain but also on the trench in Hehuan Road in Suqian city, which indicates that the main part of the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault was probably not the surface rupture zone of the 1668 Tancheng M8 1/2 earthquake. In short, the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault has experienced many paleo-earthquake events since the late Pleistocene, with obvious activity during the Holocene. The seismic activities of the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault have the characteristics of large magnitude and low frequency. The Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault has the deep tectonic and seismic-geological backgrounds of big earthquakes generation and should be highly valued by scientists.