砌体结构工程抗震软件的结构隔震功能及算例分析

在砌体结构抗震软件开发过程中，为完善软件功能，添加了结构减震设计验算程序。作为首次应用性软件开发，暂只包含橡胶热隔震的设计与验算功能。本文主要介绍了软件应用时，橡胶垫隔震支座的设计过程，并通过对一个模拟的8层砌体建筑进行隔震设计与对比分析，给出了隔震设计后隔震效果的有关结论。     

高层隔震结构非线性地震响应分析及设计方法研究

高层隔震结构的分析理论和设计方法是目前隔震技术向高层建筑推广的2个关键理论问题。本文以高烈度区宿迁市已经竣工的高层隔震建筑阳光大厦为工程实例,对高层隔震结构的非线性地震响应分析方法进行了研究,包括隔震支座竖向不同拉压刚度的模拟、各种类型的隔震支座水平力学特性的准确模拟,以及不同地震动输入方式和输入角度对隔震支座受拉情况的影响分析等;在此基础上,对隔震层的设计方法进行了分析,提出了隔震层设计的基本原则,进而给出了控制隔震层设计的基本指标,包括隔震支座的长期面压、极值面压、隔震层偏心率等;最后,对高层隔震结构的相关构造要求进行了必要的说明。     

隔震结构系列研究及在甘肃的工程应用

针对叠层橡胶支座基础隔震体系的性能、分析与设计等，介绍了由笔者所在课题组完成的寒冷环境下叠层橡胶隔震支座力学性能试验研究的成果、实振型分解法分析非比例阻尼隔震结构动力响应、隔震结构动力分析软件、橡胶隔震器与地下室悬臂柱串联后所组成的结构系统动力稳定性、高烈度区使用智能隔震体系的控制算法及甘肃省隔震构造图集等研究成果。同时介绍了本课题组负责设计的甘肃省叠层橡胶支座隔震体系的若干工程简况。     

基础隔震结构在竖向荷载作用下的内力分布特点

以一个3跨4排柱建筑为例,对非隔震结构和隔震结构在竖向荷载作用下的内力分布特点进行了对比研究,其中考虑了隔震层顶部梁板结构的荷载、刚度以及结构的梁柱刚度比等因素的影响.研究中发现,与非隔震结构相比,隔震结构一层柱子的柱端弯矩明显增大,隔震层顶部梁的梁端弯矩与其倚载成正比等规律.同时提出了基于非隔震结构的隔震结构在竖向荷载作用下内力的计算方法和“隔震影响系数”的概念.即,隔震结构的内力等于非隔震结构的内力乘以“隔震影响系数”.其中还进一步对“隔震影响系数”的影响因素进行了定量研究,得出了“隔震影响系数”的计算公式.本文所提出的计算方法与隔震结构在水平地震荷载作用下的内力计算方法思路一致,因此,该方法也进一步完善了隔震结构的设计理论.     

百米级高层隔震结构一体化设计及风振舒适度评估研究

《建筑隔震设计标准》（后简称《隔标》）是我国第一部专门指导隔震设计的国家级标准。由于目前基于新规范完成隔震设计的实际工程较少,尤其是百米级高层隔震结构在我国还尚属少见,为此针对某百米级住宅公寓楼实际工程展开研究,根据《隔标》完成隔震设计,并从经济性的角度出发,对比了一体化直接设计法与传统分部隔震设计法的配筋结果;最后结合现行规范对高层隔震结构的风振舒适度进行了评估。研究结果表明：一体化直接设计方法在显著提升隔震结构安全的同时还具有较好的经济性,即使隔震结构设防目标由小震提升至中震,即地震作用提升约3倍的前提下,该高层隔震结构总用钢量的增加仍控制在15%以内;百米级高层隔震结构在1年、10年风荷载作用下均出现了舒适度问题,最大风振加速度响应分别达到了10.3 gal和18.0 gal,超出规范限值71.7%和20%,在未来的隔震结构抗风设计中,高层隔震结构的风振舒适度问题应引起足够重视。     

建筑结构基础隔震分析

本文详细地阐述了基础隔震的基本原理与特性,分析了隔震体系的类型及其特点。提出了隔震结构基于位移设计的设计指标和设计准则,并给出了设计步骤和实例。     

叠层橡胶垫基础隔震建筑结构设计方法与应用

简要概括了国内外叠层橡胶垫基础隔震技术的应用发展状况,介绍了隔震结构的各种反应分析模型,对隔震结构设计分析方法进行了讨论,提出了有益的建议,并指出了在《建筑抗震设计规范》（GB50011-2001）关于隔震结构的简化计算方法中存在的诸多不足。结合我国的隔震技术应用现状,引入了两阶段设计法的概念。此方法将有利于提高设计质量,减少设计周期。     

层间隔震技术评述

层间隔震结构是隔震技术的新发展,它将隔震层设置在建筑物某层柱子和楼板之间进行结构的地震反应控制。层间隔震结构在减震机理、振动特性以及设计方法等诸多方面有别于基础隔震结构和屋盖隔震结构。本文对层间隔震结构的适用范围、优点以及其在实际工程中的应用情况进行了综述,最后,指出了层问隔震结构需要进一步研究的问题。现有的研究成果和工程应用情况表明,层间隔震结构具有明确的减震效果,施工方便,是一种具有发展前途的减震体系。     

一座空旷砖混厂房结构的隔震加固

介绍一栋砖混单层厂房的隔震加固方案，对加固后结构与原结构的地震反应作了对比分析，分析结果表明隔震加固大大提高了原结构的抗震性能。对加固所用的隔震支座性能作了具体分析，提供了支座的设计与试验对比结果，并对砌体结构隔震加固中采用的“夹梁托墙”技术的可行性作了试验研究，结果表明：支座的设计分析结果与试验结果吻合较好，夹梁具有良好的工作性能。     

农居结构隔震技术研究现状

从地基隔震、基础隔震和混合隔震三类隔震技术3个方面分别阐述了农居结构隔震技术的国内外研究现状。重点介绍了常用的摩擦滑移隔震技术以及隔震滑移位移问题;针对农居工程建设的现状,提出了几个亟待解决或需进一步研究完善的问题。可为从事该研究和设计工作的相关人员提供一定的参考。     

Experimental and computational verification of reasonable design formulae for base‐isolated structures

It is clear that base isolation is a sensible strategic design in attenuating the responses of a structural system induced by ground motions. The design of seismically isolated structures is mainly governed by the Uniform Building Code (UBC) published by the International Conference of Building Officials. The UBC code emphasizes a simple, statically equivalent design method that displacements of an isolated structure are concentrated at the isolation level. Therefore, the superstructure nearly moves as a rigid body and the design forces of elements above isolators are based on the behaviour of isolators at the design displacement. However, in the UBC code, the distribution of inertial (or lateral) forces over the height of the superstructure above isolation has been found to be too conservative for most isolated structures. In view of this, two simple and reasonable design formulae for the lateral force distribution on isolated structures have been proposed in this paper. Results obtained from a full‐scale isolated structure tested on the shaking table and numerical analyses of two additional examples verify the suitability of design formulae. It is illustrated that the proposed formulae can predict well the lateral force distribution on isolated structures during earthquakes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隔震层位置与隔震支座选型

探讨隔震层的竖向设计位置,以期优化隔震设计,促进隔震技术的发展。隔震层设置在±0.00地板下和地下室板底相比:(1)在单层地下室部分不需设置隔震支座;(2)因减少地下室层的竖向荷载,竖向承载力的要求容易得到满足;(3)对于平面极不规则的结构,在±0.00板底隔震时,可以把上部结构分成几个平面相对比较规则的部分,因而隔震层扭转影响引起的位移可以减小;(4)对于文中算例,由于此3方面的原因,隔震支座选型后当隔震层处于±0.00地板下时可以降低隔震支座的费用达37.4%。对于平面尺寸大、平面极不规则的建筑结构把上部结构分割成若干规整的结构在首层地面以下进行隔震是一种经济可行的隔震方案。     

Comparative study of the inelastic response of base isolated buildings

This article presents a numeric comparative study of the inelastic structural response of base isolated buildings. The comparative study includes the following isolation systems: laminated rubber bearings, New Zealand one, pure friction and the frictional pendulum ones. The study is based on obtaining non‐linear response spectra for various design parameters using six earthquake records. Usually the base isolation of a new building seeks to maintain the structure in the linear elastic range. The response of old weak buildings or the response of new ones subjected to extreme earthquakes may not be, necessarily, in the aforementioned ideal elastic range. Consequently, it is important to characterize the response of isolated buildings responding inelastically. A conclusion from this research is that the isolators affect significantly the structural response of weak systems. Rubber isolators seem slightly less sensitive to plastification that may occur in the structure compared to friction isolators. Ductility demands in the structure are affected significantly by friction and neoprene protected systems, in particular sliding ones where larger demands are obtained. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamics of inelastic base‐isolated structures subjected to analytical pulse ground motions

Structural design code provisions worldwide prescribe relatively small seismic force reduction factors for seismically base‐isolated structures, making their response to design‐level earthquake excitation essentially elastic. This paper uses the method of dimensional analysis to prove that; in most cases, this is not a conservative design approach but a necessity that emerges from the dynamics of base‐isolated structures. It is shown that allowing typical base‐isolated structures to yield results in large displacement ductility demands for the structure. This phenomenon is caused by the change in the nature of the ground motion excitation as it is transmitted to the structure through the seismic base isolation system as well as by the change in the distribution of displacements between the structure and the isolation bearings caused by yielding of the isolated structure. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

隔震结构地震波选择方法研究

隔震结构的设计一般是采用时程分析算法进行的,故选择合适的地震波十分重要。而目前设计人员往往依据隔震前模型进行隔震设计,存在一定的不合理性。本文依据隔震前和隔震后两种不同的选波模型和对地震波反应谱控制频段的不同提出三种选波方案:方案一为对所选地震动的加速度反应谱在场地特征周期Tg附近的平台段和隔震前结构基本周期T1a所在下降段的控制;方案二为对在Tg附近的平台段和隔震后结构基本周期T1b所在下降段的控制;方案三为对所选地震动的加速度反应谱在Tg附近的平台段和隔震前、后两结构基本周期段的分别控制。通过对某五层混凝土框架隔震结构分别输入三种方案所选的20条地震动记录,对比隔震结构的水平向减震系数的离散性,分析罕遇地震作用下支座位移的合理性,证明方案三可以取得最优的计算结果,并提出一种基于规范设计反应谱不同频段的三频段控制选波方法。此外选取5个不同结构形式的工程算例验证三频段控制选波方法对于一般结构的适用性。     

Design of bilinear hysteretic isolation systems

This paper concerns the design of passive base isolation systems characterized by a bilinear hysteretic behaviour. The study refers to the case where the structure to be isolated (superstructure) vibrates according to the first mode. In this case the whole isolated structure can be modelled by a two‐degree‐of‐freedom system. The base isolation effectiveness has been evaluated for different characteristics of the device, namely mass, strength, elastic and plastic stiffness, by using mainly energetic quantities. The optimum values for the base device have been obtained by minimizing the input energy and the displacement of the superstructure. Conclusions are drawn for superstructures with a fundamental period of 0.5s, a damping ratio of 5% and for three different kinds of earthquake ground motions. The study showed that the seismic input greatly affects the behaviour of the isolated structure, and therefore the design ground motion must be carefully chosen, dependent on the characteristics of the site. A simple procedure that involves mainly linear dynamic analyses is proposed for the design of base devices used in conjunction with superstructures of any fundamental vibration period. The procedure produces good results in spite of its simplicity, and therefore it is suitable for practical use by design engineers. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某首层柱顶隔震结构动力特性测试研究

为了达到隔震设计的目的并检验隔震层的工作性能,测试分析了采用首层柱顶隔震技术的某五层框架结构在环境激励和初位移条件下的动力特性,得到了结构的前3阶自振特性如自振频率、振型和阻尼比;分析了初位移条件下隔震层的自由衰减曲线和滞回性能.结果表明:环境激励条件下,隔震结构与非隔震结构动力特性相近,隔震结构在正常使用状态下具有足...