西安清真寺木牌楼结构特性与抗震性能分析

研究木结构古建筑的结构特性对保护和维修古建筑遗产具有重大意义.文中以西安清真寺木牌楼为研究对象,用弹簧单元模拟榫卯连接的半刚接特性,对其进行有限元数值分析.通过对榫卯连接的非线性接触分析得到了其各方向刚度值;在竖向荷载作用下结构的实际内力远小于其强度设计值,其安全裕度在60％以上;给出了结构的运动微分方程,结构模态分析...     

高烈度区古建筑木构架的拉结加固方法

榫卯节点是木构架构件连接的关键构造,也是地震中容易损伤的部位,其抗震加固是降低木构架地震损伤程度、提升整体稳定性能的重要措施。依据GB/T 50165—2020《古建筑木结构维护与加固技术标准》的抗震鉴定要求,以构架的柱与梁枋拉结加固、构架间连接加固为研究重点,针对榫卯节点以及屋盖构件连接的薄弱构造和损伤特征,提出了高烈度设防区木构架整体拉结加固的实用方法,研制了相应的加固装置。该方法根据木构架在地震中的变形特点,确定了拉结加固的重点部位,以及加固装置的布置形式。所研制的加固装置源于传统铁件加固工艺并进行了性能改善,采用现代防锈蚀钢材制作连接件和紧固件,可延长装置的使用期限;采用降低连接件弯曲刚度的构造措施,可减少对榫卯节点半刚性转动性能的影响。为了推动抗震新技术在古建筑中的运用,介绍了一种布置在木构架额枋与柱之间的雀替式加固装置,可有效地提升高烈度区木构架的变形控制与能量耗散性能。     

中国古代大木作结构抗震构造研究

通过对翔实历史与考古资料的调查，并结合于中国古建筑遗构的勘测，进行了许多有关这类结构的起源、发展和演变方面的研究工作，结果表明：(1)木构架具有相当好的抗(耐)震性能，由于这类木造结构的材料具有良好的弹塑性性能、以及榫卯节点的柔性连接，以致在地震过程中，大量的地震动能量被消耗掉。(2)在其结构构造方面，采用了许多诸如柱的生起、侧脚等木作工艺；柱顶、柱脚分别连以阑额、地袱以及其他的结构构件，使柱架层形成一个闭合的构架系统，并与重量很大的屋盖结合，俾使构架具有很大的稳定性和抗震性能。(3)通过阑额、由额与柱头方之间施以拱眼壁或蜀柱或人字拱；在节点部位施以绰幕方等的构造方式，显著增强了结构整体与其构件和节点的抗弯刚度。(4)对于单体建筑，通常情况下采用矩形或其他规则的几何图形作为其平面，在构架竖向上，通常为(下大上小的)棱台形，尤其对于多层建筑。实践证明这种构造方式具有较好的抗震性能。(5)通过抛光柱基础的顶面，显著地减少柱底与柱基础顶面之间的摩擦进而有效地产生隔震作用，使结构免于坍塌。总之，中国古建筑结构体系是高度有机的，对其科学的构造原理进行研究和探索，是一件有意义的事情，并且无疑地对我们现代的建筑活动以有益的启示。     

中国木结构古建筑榫卯连接节点抗震性能研究进展

榫卯连接是中国木结构古代建筑的重要特征。在外荷载作用时,节点内部榫头与卯口之间会产生挤压、摩擦、弯曲、剪切等复杂的相互作用,其具有完全不同于现代结构的力学特性。由于在地震作用下,梁柱等构件一般会处于弹性工作状态,节点的抗震性能就决定了整个建筑的安全,因此该领域已成为古建筑保护工作的研究热点方向。对中国古代建筑榫卯节点抗震性能研究进展情况进行了梳理,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了总结和讨论。     

长、株、潭地区构造稳定性数学模拟研究

本文作者通过对长沙、株洲、湘潭地区现有的遥感图像线性构造解译成果和已有的地质、地震、重力、航磁等资料进行分析,选取二十个与该区构造稳定性有关的个变量,采用多元回归分析、逐步回归分析方法、数量化理论Ⅲ和聚类分析等数学方法建立该区构造稳定性评价数学模型对该区的构造稳定性进行定量研究和评价.     

轻型定向秸秆板-榫卯连接木骨架剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

为了促进适合我国国情的轻型木结构发展,介绍了一种自主开发的轻型定向秸秆板-榫卯连接木骨架剪力墙,该剪力墙由墙体模块、顶梁板、底梁板三部分组成,墙体模块的木骨架间采用榫卯连接,面板采用定向秸秆板.通过12片分别由3个剪力墙模块组成的剪力墙的水平单向加载和低周反复加载试验研究,得到了剪力墙的破坏特征、抗剪强度、滞回性能、延性及耗能等性能指标,分析了洞口大小、洞口位置及竖向荷载对剪力墙抗震性能的影响以及剪力墙与单个墙体模块抗震性能的区别.结果表明:剪力墙的破坏主要是面板破坏及面板与钉的连接破坏,剪力墙的抗剪强度比墙体模块的要低约10％,滞回曲线呈明显的反S型并有明显滑移,等效粘滞阻尼系数约为0.13.     

老挝南俄四水电站区域构造特征及稳定性评价

通过详细分析老挝南俄四水电站区域的大地构造背景、主要构造断裂带的活动性、地震活动性等,认为水电站工程区没有超过7级以上地震记录,工程区构造活动弱,处于相对稳定的构造地块中,区域构造稳定性总体较好。     

疏勒河断裂中段构造及地震活动对北山岩体稳定性的影响

以疏勒河断裂带中段及北山地区遥感图像解译资料为基础，通过对该地区重力场深部构造特征、地震活动特征以及活动性构造的应力状态、发震力学条件的分析，对北山岩体进行了地质稳定性评价，认为疏勒河断裂及其北山岩体是地壳稳定性较好的地区。     

新型钢节点木构架-生土墙结构抗震性能拟静力试验研究

针对我国村镇地区仍广泛存在生土结构房屋,且其结构整体性及抗震性能较差的现状,提出一种可有效提高其抗震性能、具有施工便捷性和装配属性的新型钢节点木构架-生土墙结构形式。进行了新型钢节点木构架-生土墙与农房中常见的素生土墙、上土坯下砖砌体混砌墙、传统榫接木构架-生土墙的拟静力对比试验,比较了4个墙体试件的破坏形态、滞回曲线和骨架曲线特征,以及延性系数、耗能能力、极限层间位移角等抗震性能指标。研究表明:素生土墙和上土坯下砖砌体混砌墙抗震性能较差,木构架的约束作用可有效提升生土墙的抗剪承载力和延性,新型钢节点连接的木构架-生土墙抗震性能优于榫接形式,具备一定的推广应用价值。     

珠江三角洲新构造运动与地壳稳定性分析

对珠江三角洲的活动断裂，断块构造，第四纪地质及地震活动特征进行了分析，认为该区的地壳稳定性主要中等，其中东江断块，番禺断隆，五桂山断隆，珠海断隆和新会断陷的地壳稳定性较好，灯笼沙断陷和万顷断裂是地壳稳定性较差的地区。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.