中国东部中生代高Sr低Yb和低Sr高Yb型花岗岩：对比及其地质意义

中国东部在晚中生代时（晚侏罗世-旱白垩世）有广泛的中酸性岩浆活动,按照花岗岩的地球化学特征,大致可以划分为东北、华北和华南3个岩区。本文研究表明,按照Sr和Yb的含量,大致可以将花岗岩分为5类．即：高Sr低Yb型（Sr〉400μg／g,Yb〈2μg／g）、低Sr低Yb（Sr〈400μg／g,Yb〈2μ/g）、低Sr高Yb（Sr〈400μg／g,Yb〉2μg／g）、高Sr高Yb型（Sr〉400μg／g,Yb〉2μg／g）以及非常低Sr高Yb型（Sr〈100μg／g,Yb=2—18μg／g）花岗岩。东北和华南以发育低Sr高Yb花岗岩为主,有少量高Sr低Yb和非常低Sr高Yb类型的花岗岩分布;而华北则以高Sr低Yb型花岗岩（埃达克岩）最发育,低Sr高Yb、低Sr低Yb型和非常低Sr高Yb型花岗岩有少量分布。本文着重探讨了华北和华南花岗岩的特征,认为华北和华南花岗岩地球化学的区别可能主要与花岗岩源区成分和深度有关,且主要受源区深度的控制。如果花岗岩熔融的源区残留相由榴辉岩组成（石榴石＋辉石＋金红石＋／一角闪石）,则花岗岩明显亏损HREE、Nb、Ta和Ti,而富集Sr和Al,无明显的负铕异常,属于高Sr低Yb（埃达克岩）类型;如果源区深度浅,由斜长角闪岩或麻粒岩组成（斜长石＋辉石＋角闪石）,则花岗岩相对贫Sr富Yb。作者认为,华北和华南花岗岩地球化学特征上的上述差异,表明在晚中生代时（晚侏罗世．早白垩世）。华北和华南的地壳厚度不同：华北较厚,华南较薄;华北经历了下地壳拆沉而华南无;华北和华南的下地壳成分不同,华北较基性的下地壳拆沉后,留下的地壳平均成分与华南比偏中性。     

新疆西准噶尔塔北地区晚古生代中酸性侵入岩的成因分析

塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区位于西准噶尔北部,中酸性岩浆侵入作用十分强烈。本文对塔尔巴哈台-萨吾尔地区西段的塔北地区出露的克孜贝提、哲北、巴斯、卡姆斯台、阿西和科鲁克6个代表性中酸性岩体的地质、成岩年代和地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明,塔北地区中酸性岩浆作用可分为早石炭世早期(343~338Ma)、早石炭世晚期(328~324Ma)和晚石炭世(315Ma)三个阶段:早石炭世早期中酸性岩体包括克孜贝提、哲北岩体;岩性主要为闪长岩,具有碱性、过铝质岩石的特点;早石炭世晚期中酸性岩体包括巴斯、卡姆斯台和阿西岩体,岩性主要为花岗闪长岩,具有钙碱性-碱性和准铝质-过铝质岩石的特点;晚古生代中酸性侵入岩体为科鲁克岩体,岩性为钾长花岗岩,具有碱性和过铝质岩石的特点。从早石炭世至晚石炭世,塔北地区中酸性岩具有向富K、Si和贫Ca演化的趋势,研究源区以壳源为主、有幔源物质混入的特征;岩浆演化具有分离结晶增强、围岩混染减弱的特点。塔北地区早石炭世早期中酸性岩体形成于俯冲岛弧环境,早石炭世晚期-晚石炭世岩浆侵位于后碰撞环境。     

八达岭花岗杂岩的组成、地球化学特征及其意义

北京地区八达岭花岗杂岩是燕山期岩浆侵入活动的典型代表,按照地球化学特征及成因,本文将其分为3类第1类由辉长-闪长岩组成,富Fe、Ti和P,Th/Ta比值近似等于1(0.7～1.2),ISr和εNd(t)值低(分别为0.705和-8～-11),产于板内环境,推测是大陆岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的,可能代表了燕山期时底侵到加厚陆壳底部的玄武质岩浆.第2类为八达岭花岗杂岩的主体,由石英闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩组成,其地球化学特征为SiO2＞57%,K2O＞2.7%,Na2O/K2O=0.9～1.7,Al2O3在16%～14%之间,LREE富集,(La/Yb)N=25～41,HREE亏损(Yb＜1.32μg/g),无或有弱的负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=1.0～0.9),富Sr(354～1191μg/g),贫Y(＜16μg/g),Sr/Y比值高(45～156).上述地球化学特征除了K2O含量偏高和Al2O s含量偏低外,大体类似于埃达克质岩石的性质,表明岩浆的源区很深,与石榴石处于平衡,暗示其来源于燕山期华北加厚的陆壳底部,可能是下地壳中基性麻粒岩部分熔融形成的.第3类由碱长花岗岩和石英二长岩组成,Na2O+K2O＞9%,贫Sr、Ba,富Rb,LREE富集,有明显的负铕异常(Eu/Eu*=0.4～0.5),属于A型花岗岩,是由于第2类埃达克质岩石形成之后,引起了岩石圈拆沉,造成地幔上涌至减薄陆壳的底部,引起壳幔过渡带物质部分熔融的结果.该区燕山期岩浆活动与古太平洋板块的消减作用无关,是板内伸展事件的产物.     

中国北方中生代富碱侵入岩钕、锶、铅同位素特征及其意义

本文根据作者近些年来对中国北方中生代富碱侵入岩钕、锶、铅同位素研究并结合前人工作得出 :在华北地台区富碱侵入岩的εNd(t)均为负值 ;而兴蒙地槽区的εNd(t)则全为正值εNd(t) εSr(t)图解上 ,前者投影点主要落在了富集地幔演化趋势线附近 ,而后者投影点主要落在了亏损地幔演化线附近。在地球不同区域铅模式图上 ,地台区钾长石铅投影点大部落在了地幔演化线附近 ,而地槽区的则落在了地幔与造山带演化线之间。以上事实说明华北地台区富碱侵入岩的物质来源与富集地幔关系密切 ,而地槽区的则与亏损地幔关系密切。同时也揭示出中生代华北地台区上地幔具有富集性 ,而兴蒙地槽区上地幔则具亏损性。     

甘肃北山柳园地区花岗岩类的年代学、地球化学特征及构造意义

北山柳园地区分布大量的花岗岩类岩石,岩石类型有花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和斑状花岗岩.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年分析结果为花岗闪长岩的侵位年代为423±8 Ma辉铜山以东(HT-)钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的侵位分别为436±9 Ma和397±7 Ma.该区花岗质岩石都具有大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素相对富集,K、Ni、Ta、P和Ti负异常的特征,属于准铝质到过铝质的高K花岗岩.花岗闪长岩无Sr和Eu负异常的特征,εNd(t)=-2.5～-0.8,其岩浆源于岩石圈地幔或是软流圈与岩石圈地幔相混合的岩浆熔融,并受到了含有火山弧组分的年轻地壳的混染.钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩具有Sr和Eu负异常的特征,εNd(t)值分别为+1.4、-4.0～-2.0和-2.7～-0.3.HT-钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于由于岩石圈地幔岩浆作用而导致上覆年轻地壳物质的部分熔融;花牛山附近(HN-)钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于软流圈地幔部分熔融,可能受到了部分年轻地壳物质的混染;二长花岗岩岩浆主要源于年轻地壳的部分熔融.柳园地区4类花岗岩类岩石都是后碰撞构造背景下的岩浆产物,岩浆形成可能与俯冲板片断离有关.     

东昆仑山脉晚志留世-早侏罗世花岗类岩石中锆石微量元素地球化学特征及地质意义

为了更深入的认识东昆仑山脉岩浆作用和构造演化历史,本文采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)方法对东昆仑山脉中部和东部不同时代的花岗类岩石中锆石进行了系统的微量元素分析。东昆仑山脉晚志留世二长花岗岩和晚二叠世、晚三叠世、早侏罗世花岗岩中绝大多数锆石Th/U0.5,锆石的球粒陨石标准化REE配分曲线均为HREE相对于MREE和LREE富集,并且具有Ce正异常和Eu负异常,为典型的岩浆锆石。晚志留世二长花岗岩和晚二叠世、晚三叠世花岗岩锆石具有低的Ce正异常,高的Eu负异常;早侏罗世花岗岩锆石则具有高的Ce正异常,高Nb、Ta含量,低Eu负异常;晚二叠世花岗岩锆石还具有高∑REE、Y、Th、U含量;而晚三叠世花岗岩锆石则在所有样品中具有最高的Hf含量,是演化程度高的岩浆产物。除此之外,晚志留世、晚二叠世、晚三叠世和早侏罗世样品中部分锆石呈现LREE富集,说明它们在岩浆晚期可能遭受LREE富集热液的改造。根据锆石Ti温度计,计算出所有样品的结晶温度小于800℃,说明它们很有可能形成于富集流体的俯冲带环境。结合前人研究资料和所分析锆石的U-Pb年龄数据,对东昆仑山脉中古-中生代多期的构造-岩浆事件提供了新的约束:(1)晚志留世二长花岗岩的形成可能与一个小型洋盆的俯冲作用有关,其岩浆源区是地壳浅部的沉积基底;(2)晚二叠世花岗岩可能是在古特提斯洋向北俯冲过程中由于幔源岩浆使浅层地壳发生熔融形成;(3)晚三叠世-早侏罗世花岗岩在羌塘和昆仑-柴达木同碰撞过程形成。     

Cenozoic basalts in North China—Their distribution,geochemical characteristics and tectonic implications

Epuptions of alkali and subalkali basalts occurred respectively during Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary in North China. They are interplate, non-oceanic basalts. The alkali basalts range from Ne-normative to Hy-normative basalts and the subalkali basalts belong to the continental tholeiites. Based on their distribution, geological ages and petrographic series the magmatic evolution of Cenozoic basaltic rocks in North China can be divided into three stages. Geochemical data from this study indicate that Cenozoic basaltic magmas of North China were derived from two different mantle sources.     

大兴安岭北段龙江盆地中生代火山岩LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

大兴安岭北段龙江盆地中生代火山岩主要为一套中酸性岩石,岩石化学成分显示其主要为英安岩与流纹岩,少量安山岩.各类岩石的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,其形成于122.2～126.5Ma之间的早白垩世.火山岩为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,稀土元素总量较高(∑REE=103.22×10-6～249.29×10-6),轻重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N=6.29～25.89),负Eu异常(Eu/Eu* =0.48～0.84).富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、U、K和LREE,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti;火山岩稀土元素与微量元素标准化配分曲线与地壳配分曲线近乎一致,为一套壳源岩浆系列火山岩;大部分岩石300＜Sr＜700;Yb平均为2.24,Y平均为18.36,符合埃这克岩型岩石标准;岩石Y/Yb平均为9.15,(Ho/Yb)N=0.98,而弱负Eu异常(平均值δEu=0.71).地球化学特征说明,岩浆主要是增厚(高压)基性麻粒岩下地壳部分熔融的结果.结合区域上同期火山岩的资料,龙江盆地中生代火山岩可能是蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合碰撞造山构造背景下加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物.     

Late Mesozoic collisional granitoids of the upper Amur area: New geochemical data

Geochemical and isotopic data were used for a comparative analysis of Late Mesozoic (150–120 Ma) granitoids in various geological structures of the upper Amur area. The granitoids are metaluminous high-potassic I-type rocks of the magnetite series. They have variable alkalinity and consist of the monzonite-granite and granosyenite-granite associations. The monzonite-granite association consists of calc-alkaline granitoids of normal alkalinity belonging to the Umlekan-Ogodzhinskaya volcanic-plutonic zone and the Tynda-Bakaran Complex of the Stanovoy terrane. The rocks are characterized by negative anomalies of U, Ta, Nd, Hf, and Ti (in patterns normalized to the primitive mantle), with Eu anomalies pronounced weakly in the granodiorites and quartz and monzodiorites and more clearly in the granites: Eu/Eu* = 0.37–0.95, and (La/Yb)_n = 7–24, Tb_n/Yb_n = 1.4–3.2. The granosyenite-granite association comprises of moderately alkaline rocks, which are subdivided into three groups according to their geochemistry. The first group consists of phase-I granosyenites of the Uskalinskii Massif of the Umlekan-Ogodzhinskaya zone with the highest concentrations of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cs, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Yb, and Th; negative anomalies at Ba, Ta, Sr, and Hf; Eu/Eu* = 0.50–0.58, (La/Yb)_n = 15–16, and Tb_n/Yb_n = 1.8. The second group comprises of moderately alkaline granitoids of the Umlekan-Ogodzhinskaya zone and the Khaiktinskii Complex of the Baikal-Vitim superterrane. Geochemically, the granitoids of this group are generally similar to the monzodiorite-granite association and differ from it in having lower concentrations of REE and Y, Eu/Eu* = 6.2–1.0, (La/Yb)_n = 28–63, and Tb_n/Yb_n = 2.1–4.5. The third group consists of granitoids of the Chubachinskii Complex of the Stanovoi terrane, which typically show negative Cs, Rb, Th, U, Ta, Hf, and Ti anomalies; the lowest concentrations of V, Cr, Co, and Ni; and the highest contents of Sr. The granosyenites of the first phase display clearly pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.53–0.68), (La/Yb)_n = 7–24, and Tb_n/Yb_n = 0.8–2.0. The granitoids of the second phase have (La/Yb)_n = 51–84, no Eu anomalies, or very weak Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.97–1.23). The silica-oversaturated leucogranites of the third phase are characterized by elevated concentrations of REE, clearly pronounced Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.48), and flat REE patterns (Tb_n/Yb_n = 1.3). The diversity of the granitoids is demonstrated to have been caused largely by the composition of the Precambrian source, which was isotopically heterogeneous. The rocks of the monzodiorite-granite association and first-group granosyenites of the granosyenite-granite association of the Tynda-Bakaran Complex were supposedly derived from garnet-bearing biotite amphibolites. In contrast to these rocks, the source of the second-group granites of the granosyenite-granite association was of mixed amphibolite-metagraywacke composition. The third-group of granitoids were melted out of Early Proterozoic crustal feldspar-rich granulites of variable basicity, with minor amounts of Archean crustal material. The granitoids were emplaced in a collisional environment, perhaps, during the collision of the Amur superterrane and Siberian craton. This makes it possible to consider these rocks as components of a single continental volcanic-plutonic belt. Original Russian Text ? V.E. Strikha, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 8, pp. 855–872.     

华北克拉通北缘中生代花岗岩：从碰撞后到非造山

根据岩石地球化学特征,可以将华北克拉通北缘的中生代花岗岩类划分为钙碱性和高钾钙碱笥花岗岩、强过铝质淡色花岗岩、高锶花岗岩、碱质A型花岗岩和碱性花岗岩五个类型。强过铝质淡色花岗岩起源于泥砂质变沉积岩在地壳加厚和隆升过程中的减压脱水熔融;高锶花岗岩起源于强烈加厚陆壳的下部或壳幔过渡带的中酸性或基性岩石脱水部分熔融;碱质A型花岗岩和碱性花岗岩均为岩石圈伸展背景下的岩浆作用产物,但后者明确指示区域岩石圈已处于板内裂谷状态。在区域地质演化总体框架下,中生代各类型花岗质岩浆活动的时间序列,明确反映出区域地球动力学背景从碰撞后到非造山的演化过程：钙碱性和高钾钙碱性花岗岩＋强过铝质淡色花岗岩＋高锶花岗岩＋碱质A型花岗岩构成碰撞后花岗岩套,而碱性花岗岩＋碱质A型花岗岩则构成板内非造山花岗岩套。区域花岗岩浆活动的演化表明,华北克拉通北缘地区中生代重大构造 转折应发生在160－150Ma之间。在160Ma以前的中生代早中期,区域岩石圈仍处于碰撞后前期的强烈加厚的过程之中,该时期以出现大量的高锶花岗岩和少量过铝质淡色花岗岩为特征;150－110Ma期间为碰撞后晚期的区域岩石圈强烈伸展时期,该时期则以高锶花岗岩侵位事件的急剧减少和碱质A型花岗岩大量出现为特征。在大约110Ma左右,区域岩石圈基本减薄到正常厚度（35－40km）,并进入板内非造山的裂谷阶段,此时以出现碱性花岗岩为特征。研究认为,贯穿整个碰撞后阶段的钙碱性和高钾钙碱性花岗岩之所以具有消减带岩浆的地球化学特征,是因为它们继承了碰撞前西伯利亚板块向华北板块消减阶段及同碰撞阶段已经活化的源区（包括富集的地幔楔及下地壳）性质。     

秦岭岩群中斜长角闪岩的年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文对秦岭岩群中的三个斜长角闪岩（变质沉积岩）样品进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,限定了秦岭岩群的形成时代,讨论了秦岭岩群的构造背景及归属问题。锆石定年结果显示了971 Ma、1222 Ma和840 Ma三个最大沉积年龄。秦岭岩群是一个杂岩体,秦岭岩群中至少存在中元古代（较老组成部分）和新元古代早期（较新组成部分）的岩性单元。秦岭岩群变质沉积岩的锆石年龄峰主要集中在中元古代-新元古代早期,具有与扬子块体和华北块体明显不同的锆石年代学特征,秦岭岩群在中元古代-新元古代早期为独立发展的微陆块。结合秦岭岩群的年代学特征及前人的研究结果,秦岭岩群中的变质沉积岩应沉积于弧相关的构造环境。     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of late Mesozoic granitoids in southern Anhui Province,southeastern China

Late Mesozoic granitoids are widely distributed in southern Anhui Province, southeastern China, which also contains significant W–Mo–Cu mineralization. This study presents new geochronological and geochemical data that reveal the petrogenesis and tectonic affinity of the granitoids in this region. These granitoids can be divided into a high-K calc-alkaline and peraluminous I-type granodiorites, and an alkaline and metaluminous A-type granites, with zircon U–Pb dating indicating that they formed at 150–138 and 133–124 Ma, respectively. The early stage I-type granodiorites are adakitic, enriched in the light rare earth elements, and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. They have negative zircon ε_Hf(t) values (–19.8 to –2.5) that correspond to Hf crustal model ages of 2.4–1.4 Ga. These early stage granodiorites were derived from partial melting of thickened Palaeoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic lower crust. The late-stage A-type granites with strong depletion in Sr, P, and Ti, contain higher Zr, Y, and Yb contents, higher zircon ε_Hf(t) values (–1.5 to +2.1), and younger zircon Hf model ages (1.1–1.3 Ga) than the early stage granodiorites. The geochemistry of these A-type granites indicates they were likely generated by the reworking of Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic juvenile crustal material that experienced the fractional crystallization of plagioclase and accessory minerals. Combining these data with other geological data from the study area indicates that the early stage granodiorites formed in a continental arc setting, whereas the late-stage granites formed in an extensional setting associated with roll-back of the subducted Palaeo-Pacific slab. The results indicate that zircon Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ value can provide useful insight into oxygen fugacity conditions during magmatism.     

华北克拉通北缘中生代高锶花岗岩类地球化学与源区性质

华北克拉通北缘广泛分布中生代高锶花岗岩类,其岩石类型主要包括石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、石英二长岩和二长花岗岩,以普遍发育条纹长石为主要岩相学特征.高锶花岗岩总体上具有富钠、高钾和高铝的岩石化学特征.根据16个代表性岩体共61个样品的分析结果,本区的高锶花岗岩可被明显地划分为低硅岩石组(SiO2 = 53%～60%)和高硅岩石组(SiO2 = 65%～73%),缺乏SiO2 = 60%～65% 的岩石,因而具有"双峰"分布特点.绝大多数高硅岩石属于高钾钙碱系列,而低硅岩石既有属于高钾钙碱和普通钙碱系列的,也有属于岛弧拉斑玄武岩系列和钾玄岩系列的.其微量元素以高锶、亏损重稀土及不发育明显富铕异常为重要特征,并以此明显区别于非高锶花岗岩.根据高锶花岗岩的岩石地球化学特征,并将它们与近年来许多天然岩石在不同温压条件下脱水熔融实验所获熔体进行了广泛对比,认为该区高锶花岗岩类的低硅岩石的源岩应为玄武质角闪岩类,而高硅岩石的源岩则为变中酸性火成岩类.源区部分熔融应该是在高温(T > 850～900 ℃)和高压(P ≥ 1.5 GPa)条件下进行的.熔体从源区抽取后的岩浆过程中没有经历明显的长石矿物的分离结晶,因而高锶花岗岩类可能代表起源于加厚地壳底部或壳幔过渡带的较为原始的岩浆.与高锶花岗岩浆相对应的源区残留固相应为石榴子石+单斜辉石±斜方辉石±角闪石±石英,属于麻粒岩相或榴辉岩相矿物组合.这些残留固相或滞留源区可能成为新的下地壳底部岩石,或因密度倒转而拆沉进入上地幔.     

Borborema Pegmatitic Province: geological and geochemical characteristics

The geological features of the pegmatites from the Borborerna Pegmatitic Province (BPP) are described, combining data from the literature with new field and laboratory observation. A geochemical study was performed against this geological background to test the crystallization model of mineralized pegmatites against barren pegmatites and to compare the BPP with other provinces, fields or individual pegmatites throughout the world. The field evidence (mode of emplacement, textural relationships, zonation and mineralogy) as well as the geochemical characteristics support the pegmatite crystallization model proposed by London (1990). The geochemical and mineralogical evidence places these pegmatites as “medium Ta-mineralized” compared to other pegmatite provinces.     

铜陵地区中生代中酸性侵入岩的地球化学特征及其成矿-地球动力学意义

本文对铜陵地区晚侏罗世-早白垩世高钾钙碱性中酸性侵入岩进行了研究,发现该类岩体具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征,具体表现为:SiO2≥56％,Al2O3含量高(>15％),Na2O/K2O>1,亏损HREE,(La/Yb)N>12,负Eu异常不明显(Eu*/Eu=0.71-0.96),Sr含量高(>750μg/g),Sr/Y比值高(>38)。但是,由于岩石的K2O含量较高、εNd(t)较低和ISr值较高,又不同于典型的与板块俯冲有关的埃达克岩,而与中国东部中生代的C型埃达克岩比较类似,暗示铜陵地区的高钾钙碱性岩可能是加厚的下地壳底部基性岩部分熔融的产物。本文主要依据铜陵埃达克质岩的HREE特征,将其分为三类:第一类岩体为HREE平坦型,Yb含量较高(>1.8μg/g);第二类为HREE平坦型,Yb<1.8μg/g,(Ho/Yb)N≈1;第三类岩体HREE亏损,Yb<1.8μg/g,(Ho/Yb)N<1.2。上述三类岩石地球化学性质上的差异不太可能是分离结晶作用或地壳混染的 结果,而可能是由于幔源岩浆与下地壳物质混合的程度不同引起源区成分不同形成的。铜陵地区及中国东部埃达克质岩石可能代表了中国东部中生代时的地壳增生和加厚过程。铜陵埃达克岩主要是古老下地壳和底侵玄武岩不同比例混合部分熔融形成的,在岩浆演化过程中可能还不同程度地叠加了分离结晶作用和岩浆混合作用的影响。铜陵埃达克岩具岛弧特征,但并不表明其     

Geochronology and geochemical characteristics of the Dongping ore-bearing granite,North China: Sources and implications for its tectonic setting

The Dongping gold deposit, located in Chongli County (Hebei Province) about 200 km northwest of Beijing, is one of the largest gold-producing areas along the northern margin of the North China Craton. It is located in the of Shuiquangou alkaline igneous complex of Middle Devonian age (394.3 ± 3.2 Ma), composed chiefly of highly alkaline syentite and quartz syenites. This study reveals the age of the Carboniferous in the deposit at 351.7 ± 2.8 Ma (MSWD = 1.9). The Dongping deposit is locally hosted in Cretaceous (~143 ± 1 Ma) alkali granites that intruded the older and the gold mineralization is closely associated genetically with this event. Hydrothermal zircons in the alkali granites have Th/U ratios mostly ranging between 0.01 and 0.7 indicating oscillatory zoning. A few grains with high Th/U ratios (1.31–2.07) may be from metamorphic domains. Negative εHf(t) values of the zircon mainly range between −19.75 and −16.93, suggesting that they originated principally by the melting of recycled continental crust. Less abundant zircons with εHf(t) ranging from −25.76 to −23.46, with Hf model ages (T_DM2) of 2.54 to 2.67 Ga, (mainly 2.2 to 2.3 Ga) suggest that recycled Neoarchean basement was also present in the source region. The Devonian syenites and quartz syenites have T_DM1 ages ranging from 1.96 to 2.08 Ga. Zircons from these rocks have εHf(t) values of −11.9 to −18.9. Certain zircons from the gold-bearing granite of Paleozoic age have an initial ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf ratio of 0.281816 to 0.282058 and 0.282147 to 0.282348, reflecting a homogenous distribution of hafnium isotopes typical of magmatic sources. The T_DM1 and T_DM2 of the latest intrusion varying 1.33 to 1.59 Ga and 1.72 to 2.11 Ga respectively, indicating that the Neoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic rocks of this area are an important source for the younger magma which are important to forming ore deposits. The TDM₂ indicate that the magma may be derived from a very old crustal basement (~2.67 Ga) in the northern margin of North China Craton by partial melting.     

北京云蒙山地区侵入岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

位于华北克拉通北缘的云蒙山地区花岗岩类研究对认识该区域由挤压到拉张的构造背景转换的时间和机制有重要意义。本文在对云蒙山地区长园岩体、官山岩体和云蒙山岩体的岩相学特征及其与周围岩体的关系研究基础上,对这些花岗岩体进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年和主微量元素分析。结合前人研究结果,认为云蒙山地区在晚侏罗世—早白垩世期间主要有162~151 Ma和151~141 Ma两期岩浆活动,从早到晚岩浆酸性逐渐增加,反映岩浆源区从幔源物质到壳源物质的转变,随着晚侏罗世—早白垩世时期的挤压作用,地壳逐渐增厚,后期形成的岩浆更加具有壳源特征,甚至出现了中等分异的花岗岩。通过限定相关岩浆活动的时间,得出云蒙山地区从挤压到拉张的转换时间为141~129 Ma,本文研究的花岗岩类形成的构造背景是强挤压陆内造山环境,表明岩浆侵位于该区岩石圈大规模减薄之前。伴随中酸性岩浆上移侵位,残留相的密度越来越大,具备了后期下地壳发生拆沉的一些条件。     

Petrographic and geochemical characteristics of the Paleogene sedimentary rocks from the North Jiangsu Basin,Eastern China: implications for provenance and tectonic setting

The petrography and geochemistry (major, trace, and rare earth elements) of clastic sedimentary rocks from the Paleogene Dainan Formation (E₂ d) in the North Jiangsu Basin, eastern China, are investigated to trace their provenance and to constrain their tectonic setting. The studied samples are characterized by LREE enrichment, flat HREE, and negative Eu anomaly similar to the upper continental crust composed chiefly of felsic components in the source area. Petrographic observation indicates that the sandstones contain predominant metamorphic and sedimentary clasts that were derived from peripheral recycled orogen and intrabasinal materials. The trace element ratios (Co/Th, La/Sc, La/Th, and Th/U) and the La-Th-Sc ternary plot further confirm that the sandstones are derived from granitic gneiss sources from recycled orogen and the intrabasinal mixed sedimentary provenance. The granitic gneiss source rocks may have derived from the Proterozoic granitic gneiss denuded in the eastern Dabie-Sulu orogen; and the intrabasinal provenance may come from the underlying strata during the Late Paleocene Wubao movement. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and A-CN-K plot show that these source rocks may have experienced weak to medium chemical weathering. Analysis on tectonic setting of the source area suggests an active continental margin, which is intimate with tectonic feature of the Dabie-sulu orogen and the Yangtze block. In summary, we suggest that the North Jiangsu Basin is an ideal site for the study of the coupling between the uplift of the orogen and the subsidence of the foreland basin.     

华北地区晚中生代重大构造转折的地质证据

华北地区在侏罗纪和白垩纪分别发生了两次不同性质的岩浆活动,早期形成一套高锶石英闪长岩,另一期为钾玄岩系。两套岩石分别代表地壳加厚和减薄的构造背景,两次岩浆活动的转折期大致在130Ma左右,此外,华北地区自垩纪广泛分布的碱性岩同样表明区域内在白垩纪曾发生过强烈的岩石圈伸展作用。这一地质特征与区内盆地地震剖面、造山带构造活动年龄、变质核杂岩的年龄、早向坚世太平洋板块运动方向和运动速率的改变以及郯庐断裂左旋运动年龄等地质资料相佐证。因此华北地区岩石圈减薄作用主要发生在早向垩世时期,晚侏罗世——早白垩世是华北地区中生代重大构造发生的转折点。     

青藏高原西部甜水海地区白垩纪花岗岩类的岩石学地球化学特征及其地质意义

甜水海地区广泛分布白垩纪的中酸性侵入岩,可分为早白垩世（123Ma）、晚白垩世早期（100~93Ma）和晚白垩世晚期（79~74Ma）3期。早期侵入体零星,为正长花岗岩、二云母花岗岩及含石榴子石花岗岩,属高钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK大于1.1,K2O含量大于Na2O,负Eu异常明显,刚玉分子数大于1.1,属于典型的强过铝质S型花岗岩。晚白垩世早期花岗岩分布广泛,以英云闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为主,主要属中—高钾钙碱性系列,个别属于钾玄岩系列,A/CNK主体小于1.15,负Eu异常中等,刚玉分子数多小于1.1,主体属I型花岗岩。晚白垩世晚期花岗岩同样分布广泛,为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩组合,主要属于高钾钙碱性系列,个别为中钾钙碱性系列,A/CNK主体大于1.05,负Eu异常较明显,刚玉分子数多大于1.1,主体属于典型的S型花岗岩。综合分析认为,甜水海地区白垩纪中酸性侵入岩与班公湖-怒江残余洋盆消减、闭合有关,可能记录了羌塘-冈底斯带之间的同碰撞（早期）、碰撞后（晚白垩世）等构造岩浆演化过程。