海南尖峰岭岩体热液锆石U-Pb定年及微量元素研究: 对热液作用及抱伦金矿成矿时代的限定

海南抱伦金矿矿区尖峰岭岩体中的锆石可分为岩浆锆石和热液锆石.岩浆锆石无色、透明, 长柱状、无明显包裹体, U、Th含量多小于1000μg/g, 206Pb-238U年龄加权平均值为240±2.1Ma, 代表了尖峰岭岩体的结晶年龄.热液锆石呈褐色、浑浊、半透明的自形短柱状, 相对于岩浆锆石具有异常高的U、Th及微量元素含量, 其U含量最高可达30000μg/g, Th含量最高可达20000μg/g, 微量及稀土元素含量比岩浆锆石普遍高一个数量级, 且具有较高的普通Pb.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明, 这些热液锆石的形成年龄为106~120Ma之间, 206Pb-238U年龄加权平均值为112.8±4.3Ma, 代表了热液作用的年龄, 显示该区在112~120Ma左右经历了一次强烈的热液作用, 可能与该区燕山期大规模的岩浆作用以及抱伦金矿的成矿有关.研究还表明, 对热液锆石直接进行微区原位U-Pb定年, 可用来准确测定热液作用的时间和限定热液成因金矿床的成矿时代.      

吉林省塔东群锆石U-Pb定年、微量元素研究及其地质意义

吉林省塔东群以含大型磁铁矿床而著称,塔东铁矿是吉黑成矿省内最大的火山喷流沉积-变质改造型铁矿.由于塔东群地质特征复杂,多种地质作用复合叠加,使其形成时代归属一直存在争议.通过LA-ICP-MS锆石定年,确定了吉林省塔东群黑云斜长片麻岩和磁铁透辉斜长变粒岩中锆石年代.黑云斜长片麻岩中锆石呈长柱状,Th/U值为0.17~0.65,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为517.6±2.7 Ma,代表了其原岩火山岩形成的年龄.磁铁透辉斜长变粒岩中共有两组锆石年龄,其中一组短柱状,Th/U值介于0.78~1.00,加权平均年龄为249.8±4.0 Ma,代表后期热事件年龄;另一组锆石半自形短柱状晶形,异常高的U、Th, Th最高含量可达17 422 μg/g,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为518.3±3.8 Ma,表示热液活动年龄,显示该区518.3 Ma左右经历了一次热液作用,可能与该区的岩浆作用以及塔东铁矿的成矿有关.据此,塔东群内塔东铁矿可能存在一期早寒武世 (±520 Ma) 的成矿作用.      

冀南西石门矽卡岩型铁矿床成矿年代:热液锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

西石门铁矿床是华北地区最为典型的矽卡岩型铁矿床之一,最新获得金云母40 Ar-39 Ar成矿年龄为(133.1±1.3)Ma、(137.1±1.5)Ma,略老于其成矿母岩(武安杂岩体)形成的年龄(126~136 Ma),这是矛盾的。笔者对角闪正长岩和矽卡岩脉中的锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年代学分析。结果表明,角闪正长岩中锆石呈浅黄色-无色、透明、棱角状、不规则状,振荡环带结构不发育,部分锆石中含棱角状继承锆石内核,206 Pb-238 U年龄加权平均值为(135.6±1.5)Ma,代表了武安杂岩体的结晶年龄。矽卡岩脉中锆石呈棕色,含有少量细小的包裹体,呈透明-半透明,相对于岩浆锆石具有低的Th、U、REE含量及Th/U值(Th=(222.37~1541.11)×10-6,U=(218.44~989.17)×10-6,Th/U=0.90~1.56),并具有强烈的Ce正异常(δCe=4.46~196.22)和Eu负异常(δEu=0.59~0.80),206Pb-238 U年龄介于124.9~133.0Ma,加权平均值为(129.4±2.6)Ma,代表了热液锆石的形成年龄,说明129 Ma是该西石门地区主要成矿期。     

西昆仑塔什库尔干苦子干碱性杂岩体的成因及其构造意义

苦子干碱性杂岩体是塔什库尔干新生代碱性岩带的主要组成之一,主要由霓辉正长岩、石英霓辉正长岩和碱性花岗岩组成。霓辉正长岩、石英霓辉正长岩和碱性花岗岩的SiO2含量差别较大,分别为50．26％～54．11％、59．74％～60．43oA、69．59％～72．13％;霓辉正长岩与石英霓辉正长岩的里特曼指数相近,分别为7．83～10．97、8．51～9．05,明显不同于碱性花岗岩（2．49～3．71）。这3种碱性岩石都表现出富集轻稀土,以及K、Rb、Sr、Ba等大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）的特征。其中异常高的Sr、Ba和∑REE含量暗示可能还有富集地幔物质的加入。利用原位锆石LA—ICP—MS同位素测试方法,获得石英霓辉正长岩和碱性花岗岩的锆石U—Pb年龄分别为10．9±0．1Ma和11．9土0．4Ma,代表了岩石的结晶年龄;石英霓辉正长岩锆石εHf（t）值为-9．78～3．24,碱性花岗岩中锆石εHf（t）值为-13．54～5．78,均显示岩浆源区具有壳幔混合的特点。依据这些资料,并结合区域地质研究的综合分析,笔者初步提出西昆仑塔什库尔干苦子干碱性杂岩体的形成是由于青藏高原在～25Ma期间主体拆沉作用发生后,造成软流圈物质向北逃逸,并受到北面塔里木克拉通岩石圈山根阻挡而上涌,进而发生壳幔混合作用的产物。因此,该杂岩体是青藏高原大规模拆沉后浆活动的远程效应,且标志着研究区在～11Ma期间已处于伸展构造背景。     

大兴安岭西坡银都赋矿岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其成因意义

银都矿床位于内蒙古大兴安岭西坡,为受断裂控制的银多金属矿床。该矿床的岩体主要为石英闪长岩。该岩体中的锆石分为岩浆锆石和热液锆石两类:岩浆锆石无色透明,自形长柱状,具有典型的振荡环带特征;而热液锆石呈浅褐色,半透明—不透明,等轴状,其暗色增生边明显切过了核部岩浆锆石结构。热液锆石相对岩浆锆石具有低Th/U和LREE,高Hf和HREE的特征。银都岩体岩浆锆石的206Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为(451.8±7.8)Ma,属加里东期,为岩体的结晶年龄;热液锆石的206 Pb/238 U加权平均年龄为(337.0±7.7)Ma,属中石炭世,代表了热液作用的年龄。热液锆石年龄表明,该区在337Ma左右经历了一次强烈的热液作用,该期热液作用可能与该区造山峰期的变质作用有关。本区的地质特征和流体包裹体特征表明,本区银矿的形成很可能与这期热液活动密切相关。     

川北九寨沟地区隆康熔结凝灰岩锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄——勉略古缝合带西延的证据

康县-琵琶寺-南坪构造带内出露的一套变质沉积-火山岩系与勉略洋的构造演化具有密切的关系。在该构造带西段九寨沟塔藏-隆康地质剖面东端出露近百米厚的安山质熔结凝灰岩、层凝灰岩,在隆康、牙扎沟附近采集了熔结凝灰岩样品（JZG—L）,选出百余颗锆石。锆石LA—ICP—MSU—Pb分析结果表明,锆石发育典型的岩浆锆石韵律环带,U和Th含量分别为35×10^6-750×10^-6和31×10^-6-717×10^-6 Th／U比值介于0．44～1．30之间．为典型的岩浆锆石,该样品获得的^206Pb／^238U加权平均年龄为246．2Ma±2．8Ma（MSWD=2．6,n=12,2σ）。此外,样品中还包括其他多种类型的碎屑锆石,其中最老的碎屑锆石的谐和年龄为（2481±33）Ma,表明九寨沟地区存在前寒武纪基底。结合区域地质及该区火山岩的发育特征,246Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄的获得为勉略缝合带西延至南坪一带提供了重要的同位素年代学证据。     

山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩内二长岩锆石U-Pb年代学及其意义

山西临县紫金山杂岩主要由深成相岩瘤、浅成相岩墙和岩基、喷出相熔岩和火山角砾岩等岩石单元组成。对该杂岩体内的浅成相次透辉二长岩、霞辉正长岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS原位U-Pb同位素测年。结果显示,次透辉二长岩锆石边部U-Pb年龄加权平均值为(136.7±6.5)Ma,Th/U比值0.781～2.559,明显呈三段性,表明岩浆同化混染过程中岩浆成分变化的岩浆混合过程信息;锆石核部U-Pb年龄加权平均值为(1937±37)Ma,Th/U比值为0.339～0.669,显示岩浆成因特征;(霓)霞(次透)辉正长岩的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为(137±2.7)Ma,Th/U比值1.484～5.0,反映岩浆富Th且与二长岩互补的特征,揭示出这2期岩浆之间存在有限混合现象。2个样品年龄均显示紫金山碱性杂岩体最早的二长岩与霞辉正长岩浆活动在早白垩世。二长岩的2个孤点年龄(222±4)Ma和(323±3)Ma可能代表了霓霞钛辉岩、正霞正长岩及白霞正长岩包体岩石岩浆底侵的年龄。     

海南省高通岭钼矿床赋矿岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及成矿意义

海南高通岭岩体产有高通岭小型热液脉型钼矿床,其赋矿围岩为细粒和粗粒正长花岗岩。研究表明,组成高通岭岩体的细粒和粗粒正长花岗岩呈渐变过渡关系,未发现二者存在明显的相变接触,且二者具有相似的矿物组成,暗示它们可能是同一岩浆演化系列的产物。对细粒正长花岗岩（GTL-4）和粗粒正长花岗岩（GTL-9）样品开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究,获得²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄加权平均值分别为（100.8±2.4）Ma（MSWD=2.8）和（100.2±1.7）Ma（MSWD=2.7）。结合锆石CL图像中清晰的震荡环带、Th/U的值（0.15~0.94）和以往研究成果,认为高通岭岩体结晶年龄应为 100 Ma左右,可能是同期的中高温岩浆含矿热液导致了高通岭钼矿床的形成;而90~97 Ma年龄系中低温热液活动的年龄,导致了黄铁矿化、绢云母化、绿泥石化和高岭土化等中低温蚀变。     

广西钦甲花岗岩体单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年及其地质意义

本文对钦甲花岗岩体进行了详细的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定.这些锆石的阴极发光图像发育环带结构,Th/U值较高(大于0.1),具有岩浆成因锆石的特征.研究结果表明,钦甲花岗岩体为一复式岩体,其不同单元锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为412.4±1.8 Ma、434.8±1.7 Ma、442....     

大别-苏鲁造山带高级变质岩中锆石微区U，Th和Pb化学组成特征统计

对大别-苏鲁造山带27个高级变质岩(以榴辉岩和片麻岩为主)中锆石进行了337次微区离子探针U.Th和Pb测定和U-Pb年龄研究。根据测定点年龄的不同，可以把变质岩中锆石分成三种不同成因区域，一是变质岩原岩(继承)锆石区域，它遭受了不同程度的变质重结晶作用，其^206Pb/^238U年龄值大于277Ma；二是三叠纪高压.超高压变质阶段形成的变质锆石区域，其年龄限定为273-184Ma；三是碰撞造山变质作用后形成的锆石区域，其年龄小于148Ma。对三种类型锆石中U，Th和Pb特征分析发现：片麻岩锆石中U的含量是榴辉岩类锆石中U的丰度的两倍，片麻岩类和榴辉岩类锆石中Th的丰度大致相近。各类岩石变质阶段形成的变质锆石和原岩锆石区域相比，U含量有升有降，而Th含量则大幅下降，下降幅度一般在2-10倍，高者可达20-30倍以上。除石榴石橄榄岩外，各类岩石变质锆石中区域的Th/U比都小于0.1，这是判断高压-超高压变质成因锆石的极重要化学指标。大别山超高压变质阶段后形成的锆石的Th/U比多数类似于其原岩锆石，少数接近变质锆石，说明白垩纪后期热扰动对变质岩中已存在的锆石的影响如同岩浆结晶过程。各类岩石中锆石Pb的含量变化比较复杂，Pb-U正相关性表明锆石中普通铅含量很低，绝大部分为放射成因铅。     

The complexity of sediment recycling as revealed by common Pb isotopes in K-feldspar

Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology has become the gold standard in evaluating source to sink relationships in sedimentary basins. However, the physical and chemical robustness of zircon, which make it such a useful mineral for provenance studies, is also a hindrance as zircon can be recycled through numerous sedimentary basins, thus obscuring the first cycle source to sink relationship. An elegant approach to addressing this potential issue is to compare the Pb isotope composition of detrital K-feldspar, a mineral which is unlikely to survive more than one erosion-transport-deposition cycle, with that of magmatic K-feldspar from potential basement source terranes. Here we present new in situ Pb isotope data on detrital K-feldspar from two Proterozoic arkosic sandstones from Western Australia, and magmatic K-feldspar grains from potential igneous source rocks, as inferred by the age and Hf isotope composition of detrital zircon grains. The data indicate that the detrital zircon and K-feldspar grains could not have been liberated from the same source rocks, and that the zircon has most likely been recycled through older sedimentary basins. These results provide a more complete understanding of apparently simple source to sink relationships in this part of Proterozoic Western Australia.     

Hydraulic sorting and mineral fertility bias in detrital geochronology

Detrital geochronology studies require a careful quantification of hydraulic sorting effects and of the variable abundance (fertility) of datable minerals in different parent rocks. Because the physical processes of settling and selective entrainment are well known, their effects in sediments can be easily detected and modeled mathematically. By contrast, mineral fertility in parent rocks depends on their full geological history. As a consequence, the relationships between bedrock geology and mineral fertility are hardly predictable, and a direct measurement of this latter parameter is thus required. In this review article, we describe the basic principles of hydraulic sorting, and illustrate a quantitative approach for mineral fertility determination that applies these basic principles to the analysis of modern sediments. Its application to the European Alps shows that apatite and zircon fertility values may range over three orders of magnitude. Variable mineral fertility in parent rocks thus represents, by far, the largest source of bias in detrital geochronology studies. Our study highlights an evident relationship between bedrock geology and mineral fertility, which confirms that the mineral concentration in modern sediments, in the lack of hydraulic sorting effects, is a good proxy of the mineral abundance in bedrock. Mineral fertility maps of the European Alps unravel that metamorphic and plutonic rocks generally have higher apatite and zircon fertility values than sedimentary rocks, but major variations are also observed between different tectonic units within the same paleogeographic domain. The impact of mineral fertility in detrital studies is eventually illustrated with examples from the Alpine region, based on alternative sampling strategies (i.e., the confluence sampling and the along-trunk sampling approaches). We show that geological interpretations are strongly improved when mineral fertility is properly taken into account, not only in modern settings, but also in ancient sedimentary successions.     

The U–Pb System in Schorlomite from Calcite–Amphobole–Pyroxene Pegmatite of the Afrikanda Complex (Kola Peninsula)

The geochronological U–Pb study of shorlomite from igneous rocks of the alkali–ultramafic Afrikanda massif (Kola Peninsula) was performed. The results demonstrate the reliability of calcium garnet as a mineral for the U–Pb geochronology of a wide range of igneous rocks, i.e., carbonatite, syenite, foidolite, foidite, melilitolite, melilitite, lamprophyres, micaceous kimberlites, etc., and associated rare earth and trace elements (REE, Nb, Zr) mineralization.     

闽北政和洋后变质超镁铁岩的岩石地球化学及矿物化学研究

岩石化学研究表明，洋后变质超镁铁岩是由变质方辉橄榄岩和变质超镁铁堆积岩组成。变质方辉橄榄岩的微量元素地球化学及矿物化学特征表明，应为亏损的残余地幔产物。通过系统的岩石地球化学、矿物化学及年代学研究，认为洋后变质超镁铁岩可能为华南晚震旦－早古生代的蛇绿岩组成部分。     

沽源-红山子铀成矿带核桃坝铀矿床矿相学和成矿年代学研究

核桃坝矿床是著名的沽源-红山子铀成矿带上新近勘查突破的重要铀矿床之一。为恢复成矿过程、划分成矿阶段和探讨矿床成因,本文开展了系统的矿相学和成矿年代学研究,以期为区内铀矿勘查和找矿突破提供理论支持。矿相学研究表明,矿床矿石矿物以铀石为主,成矿作用可划分为早期钠长石化交代阶段、早期热液成矿阶段、晚期热液成矿阶段和成矿后阶段四个阶段。核桃坝矿床属于碱交代型(钠交代)热液铀矿床。沥青铀矿U-Pb同位素表观年龄、电子探针化学年龄以及等时线年龄综合研究显示,矿床形成时代应在99. 1Ma左右,是晚白垩世成矿作用的产物。核桃坝矿床可能是富铀岩体在碱交代作用后形成流体(富铀含硅酸成矿流体)在外部条件改变的情况下沉淀成矿。因此,矿体的定位与富铀岩体关系密切,富铀岩体附近的开放空间(断裂构造、层间破碎带等)是重要的找矿方向。     

内蒙古头道桥地区蓝闪石片岩和相关变质岩石岩石学特征及其构造意义

内蒙古头道桥地区出露了一套经高压变质形成的岩石组合。本次研究通过岩相学和矿物化学分析,根据矿物组合的不同,识别出蓝片岩、绿片岩两种不同类型的岩石类型。其中,蓝片岩的矿物组合为角闪石（蓝闪石、蓝透闪石）+绿帘石+钠长石+绿泥石+石英+赤铁矿±多硅白云母±方解石±榍石;绿片岩的矿物组合为绿泥石+钠长石+石英±绿帘石±角闪石（阳起石、镁角闪石、蓝透闪石、冻蓝闪石等）±多硅白云母±赤铁矿。确定了蓝片岩的峰期变质级别为绿帘-蓝闪片岩相,峰期变质温度为400~600℃,压力为1.2~1.4 GPa。绿片岩的峰期变质级别为绿帘-角闪岩相。结合前人研究成果,认为蓝片岩和绿片岩的形成与额尔古纳地块和兴安地块的碰撞拼合有关。     

Laser‐cut Rb–Sr microsampling dating of deformational events in the Mont Blanc‐Aiguilles Rouges region (European Alps)

Spatial control for in situ dating of mineral phases in fine‐grained rocks is a significant challenge in geochronology, and the precision of microsampling is a crucial factor in obtaining accurate results. In this study, a new microsampling approach to Rb–Sr geochronology has been applied to greenschist facies mylonitic shear zones in the Mont Blanc‐Aiguille Rouges region of the western European Alps. Using a laser‐ablation system for microsampling by laser cutting followed by conventional TIMS Rb–Sr isotopic analysis of μg‐sized samples provides an improved workflow for texturally controlled, quasi in situ dating of mineral phases. The automated cutting process minimizes material loss and the risk of handling errors, while facilitating sampling of complex shapes of almost any size, a significant improvement over earlier microscope‐mounted microdrills. The new Rb–Sr white mica–calcite ages of between 27 and 30 Ma indicate Oligocene deformation in Alpine shear zones from two specific areas in the Mont Blanc‐Aiguilles Rouges region.     

石榴子石Lu-Hf年代学研究进展

高Lu/Hf比的石榴子石可以用于构筑高精度的Lu-Hf等时线,因而石榴子石Lu-Hf法被广泛地应用于各类岩石的定年研究中。特别是在造山带研究中,石榴子石Lu-Hf法揭示了许多其他定年体系所不能揭示的信息。但是由于石榴子石生长历史复杂,影响石榴子石 Lu-Hf 定年结果的因素多样,合理解释石榴子石Lu-Hf年龄指示的地质意义成为石榴子石Lu-Hf年代学研究的难点。这些因素包括石榴子石的生长模式、石榴子石的成核过程、封闭温度、包裹体、石榴子石生长历史、矿物间元素平衡、几何效应以及样品的预处理方法等。在进行石榴子石 Lu-Hf 定年研究时需要对这些因素进行综合的判定,才能对年龄做出合理的解释。本文初步探讨了这些因素对石榴子石 Lu-Hf 定年结果的影响,并以苏鲁-大别造山带为例介绍了石榴子石Lu-Hf年代学在碰撞造山带研究中的进展,揭示了石榴子石Lu-Hf体系在造山带及超高压变质研究中的巨大潜力。     

Geochemical constraints on blueschist- and amphibolite-facies rocks of the Central Cordillera of Colombia: the Andean Barragán region

Subduction zones are one of the most characteristic features of planet Earth. Convergent plate junctions exert enormous influence on the formation and recycling of continental crust, and they are also responsible for major mineral resources and earthquakes, which are of crucial importance for society. A subduction-related geologic unit containing high-pressure rocks occurs in the Barragán area (Valle del Cauca Department) on the western flank of the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes. Blueschists and amphibolites, serpentinized meta-ultramafic rocks, graphite-chlorite-muscovite-quartz schists, protocataclasites, and graphite-chlorite-andalusite-andesine-garnet-muscovite?± titanite schists are exposed in this region. In spite of the petrotectonic importance of blueschists, the high-pressure metamorphism of the Central Cordillera of Colombia has been rarely studied. New geochemical data indicate that protoliths of the blueschist- and amphibolite-facies rocks possessed normal mid-ocean ridge basalt bulk compositions. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar geochronology for a metapelite rock associated with the blueschists shows a plateau age of ～120 million years. We suggest that high-P/T conditions were present from ～150 to 125 Ma, depending on the model of generation and exhumation considered.     

基于组构组分的变质岩岩相学分类

为建立一个较严密、系统的常见变质岩石的岩相学分类,采用既反映岩石结构构造特征又蕴含岩石基本组成的变质岩组构组分作为岩石分类的一级分类指标,以岩石结构、构造和组构组分的成分依次作为二、三和四级指标,划分了归属于造山区域变质岩、接触热变质岩、断层动力变质岩、蚀变交代变质岩和混合岩这5个大类变质成因的基本岩石.如岩石的地质产状已知,可用对应于地质产状的成因类型变质岩替换组构组分,升级为一级分类指标,然后用同样程序进行划分.本分类方案中,造山区域变质岩与接触热变质岩因具有相同组构组分,因此,大部分基本岩石名称相同,但可借助其地质产状和一些特征变质矿物的特殊显微构造的有无将它们区分开来.本分类方案的分类效果优于国内外现有的岩相学分类方案.