Determination of fractional energy loss of waves in nearshore waters using an improved high-order Boussinesq-type model

Fractional energy losses of waves due to wave breaking when passing over a submerged bar are studied systematically using a modified numerical code that is based on the high-order Boussinesq-type equations.The model is first tested by the additional experimental data,and the model's capability of simulating the wave transformation over both gentle slope and steep slope is demonstrated.Then,the model's breaking index is replaced and tested.The new breaking index,which is optimized from the several breaking i...     

基于北斗三号新频点的多路径误差特性验证方法研究

提出一种北斗三号新频点多路径误差特性验证方法,并通过接收机天线群延时实验以及实测数据验证其与国际民航组织给出的多路径误差模型的符合性。结果表明：1）实验使用的接收机天线符合DO-373天线群延时特性要求;2）在B1c/L1、B2a/L5和双频组合情况下,BDS与GPS的多路径误差曲线的变化趋势基本一致,即BDS与GPS多路径误差特性基本一致;3）BDS在B1c、B2a以及双频组合情况下的多路径误差特性符合国际民航组织多路径误差模型要求。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SOIL MOISTURE USING DUAL-FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER

1INTRODUCTIONSoil is the basis of human's living. Soil moisture plays asignificant role in studying the matter and energy ex-changes in global hydrology sphere. The evaporation ofsoil moisture has an influence on the water vapor cycle.Meanwhile soil moisture is also one of the firsthandmeasurable parameters in crop yield estimation and wa-ter resources management (JACKSON et al., 1993). Theinfluence of the interaction of land and atmosphere onsoil moisture can bring about anomalous cli…     

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GNSS伪距随机模型估计的非差组合方法

基于非差观测值和无一阶电离层误差、无几何距离的组合准则导出2个UGIF组合,进而提出GNSS[JP2]非差伪距随机模型估计的UGIF非差组合方法。该方法仅需单站、单颗卫星的UGIF组合,适用于高低频情况下的非差伪距随机模型的实时或事后估计。利用中国矿业大学单基站连续运行站双模双频数据,验证方法的正确性与有效性。     

城市暴雨内涝模拟模型优化与精度验证

本文采用“Vegetation-Impervious Surface-Soil”模型和线性光谱混合分解方法,获取像元中不透水面、植被、土壤覆盖信息,用于计算SCS模型产流参数综合CN（Curve Number）值;基于土地利用类型,采用经验值与数值实验逐步求精相结合的方法,确定水动力汇流模型参数曼宁系数,并用实测积水数据验证两次参数修正的模拟效果。以上海中心城区为例进行验证,研究结果表明：①将采用V-I-S模型得到的不透水面、植被、土壤信息设定CN值,能够降低积水分布的极值化现象,提高SCS产流模型产流量和产流分布精度;②采用经验法和数值模拟逐步求精法,按土地利用类型设定曼宁系数,使各时段最大积水深度高于原模型,说明曼宁系数是汇流模型的敏感参数。     

考虑多因素衰减的陆域大容量气枪震源子波模拟及其影响要素分析

建立针对大容量气枪震源的气泡振荡方程及压力子波方程,引入多个对模拟结果具有重要影响的修正因子,包括基于开口的热力学模型、枪口节流作用、蒸发冷凝、枪体影响、气体释放率等来改善传统的单枪压力子波计算方法。利用模型及与水库实测的子波比对结果,分析各修正因素对子波模拟的影响,通过改进的单枪信号进一步计算大容量枪阵的压力子波。对比改进的模拟方法预测的子波波形与实测信号,结果显示,改进的模型比原有模型能更好地模拟单枪和枪阵的震源子波。最后,分析了模型产生模拟误差的原因。     

基于空间几何原理的北斗三频IF-PPP建模和验证

利用空间几何原理推导三频消电离层参数和最小噪声直线空间表达式,采用5个静态观测站和1组实测跑车北斗三频观测数据,对比分析北斗三频消电离层模型与双频消电离层模型PPP精度和收敛速度。结果表明,静态条件下,三频PPP的位置误差为3.75 cm,标准差为2.06 cm,收敛时间为109.6 min,较双频PPP性能分别提升22.3%、19.8%、22.1%;动态条件下,三频PPP的位置误差为15.21 cm,标准差为12.89 cm,较双频PPP性能分别提升42.4%和26.8%,且收敛速度也更优。     

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Discharge Based on FVM Method

A two-dimensional numerical model is proposed to simulate the thermal discharge from a power plant in Jiangsu Province. The equations in the model consist of two-dimensional non-steady shallow water equations and thermal waste transport equations. Finite volume method （FVM） is used to discretize the shallow water equations, and flux difference splitting （FDS） scheme is applied. The calculated area with the same temperature increment shows the effect of thermal discharge on sea water. A comparison between simulated results and the experimental data shows good agreement. It indicates that this method can give high precision in the heat transfer simulation in coastal areas.     

Simulation of Spark Source Wavelet Under Multibubble Motion

Marine spark sources are widely used in high-resolution marine seismic surveys.The characteristic of a wavelet is a critical part in seismic exploration;thus,the formation and numerical simulation of spark source wavelets should be explored.In studies on spark source excitation,the acoustic field generated by the interaction between bubbles constitutes the near-field wavelet of a source.Therefore,this interaction should be revealed by studying complex multibubble motion laws.In this study,actual discharge conditions were combined to derive the multibubble equation of motion.Energy conservation,ideal gas equation,and environmental factors in the discharge of spark source wavelets were studied,and the simulation method of an ocean spark source wavelet was established.The accuracy of the simulation calculation method was verified through a comparison of indoor-measured signals using three electrodes and the spark source wavelet obtained in the field.Results revealed that the accuracy of the model is related to the number of electrodes.The fewer the number of electrodes used,the lower will be the model's accuracy.This finding is attributed to the statistical hypothesis factor introduced to eliminate the coupling term of the interaction of the multibubble motion equation.This study presents a method for analyzing the wavelet characteristics of an indoor-simulated spark source wavelet.     

断层带及其周围块体系统的非连续运动变形模拟

从工程块体系统非连续变形分析的基本理论出发 ,在严谨的运动学、力学基础上 ,给出了利用大地测量数据 (包括空间大地测量 ,跨断层测量 ,形变测量等 )分析断层带及其周围块体系统非连续运动变形的基本方程和方法。此方法除具有有限单元法的优点外 ,还能根据具体情况采用各种形状的弹性块体划分 ,对不同的断层和块体间的接触、滑动、张开选取不同物理参数 ,并把系统的大位移和大变形视为小位移和小变形的迭加。文中给出了计算公式和正反分析算例。     

BDS卫星端差分码偏差对定位的影响及改正模型研究

分析GPS时空参考点下卫星钟差参数改正原理,结合伪距观测方程推导BDS单频及双频消电离层组合在标准单点定位、精密单点定位下的差分码偏差（DCB）改正公式。采用MGEX发布的DCB文件,分别进行多个测站的定位解算。结果表明,BDS伪距B1B2及B1B3双频定位DCB改正前E、N方向精度较单频差,严重影响定位精度,改正后E方向精度提高在dm级,N、U方向提高在m级;精密定位下B1B3组合DCB改正后与B1B2组合定位结果非常吻合,静态及仿动态下精度都有提高。     

流变特性对青藏高原构造变形影响的数值模拟

建立三维黏弹性有限元模型,采用标准线性固体本构关系,分析流变特性对青藏高原现今构造变形的控制作用。模拟结果显示：1）在高原地壳介质流变机制的控制下,青藏高原内部从西向东,东向位移分量逐渐增大。最大值出现在甘孜 玉树 鲜水河断裂带区域内,反映了青藏高原的物质东移运动;2）在菱形块体中南部,其东侧区域向东南方向运动,而其西侧区域则转向西南方向运动;3）中地壳强流变模型与下地壳强流变模型给出的计算结果总体特征相似,二者均能较好模拟高原物质东流以及绕喜马拉雅东构造结的顺时针转动;4）流变特性对青藏高原构造变形特征的影响较大。     

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BDS-3精密单点定位性能比较分析

基于西安测绘研究所发布的BDS-3精密轨道和钟差产品,研究B1C-B2a双频组合的卫星端差分码偏差（DCB）改正模型,并分析中国科学院发布的DCB产品的稳定性。采用10个MGEX测站7 d的观测数据,对非差非组合和无电离层组合模型下的B1I-B3I、B1C-B2a两种双频组合的BDS-3精密单点定位精度进行对比分析。结果表明,BDS-3静态定位精度水平方向优于2.0 cm,高程方向优于2.5 cm,收敛时间在31 min左右;模拟动态定位精度水平方向优于3.4 cm ,高程方向优于4.1 cm,收敛时间在60 min左右;B1I-B3I、B1C-B2a两种双频组合定位精度相当且收敛时间较为接近,二者都可用于北斗精密单点定位。     

Two-dimensional numerical simulation of flow around three-stranded rope

Three-stranded rope is widely used in fishing gear and mooring system. Results of numerical simulation are presented for flow around a three-stranded rope in uniform flow. The simulation was carried out to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of pressure and velocity fields of steady incompressible laminar and turbulent wakes behind a three-stranded rope. A three-cylinder configuration and single circular cylinder configuration are used to model the three-stranded rope in the two-dimensional simulation. The governing equations, Navier-Stokes equations, are solved by using two-dimensional finite volume method. The turbulence flow is simulated using Standard κ-ε model and Shear-Stress Transport κ-ω(SST) model. The drag of the three-cylinder model and single cylinder model is calculated for different Reynolds numbers by using control volume analysis method. The pressure coefficient is also calculated for the turbulent model and laminar model based on the control surface method. From the comparison of the drag coefficient and the pressure of the single cylinder and three-cylinder models, it is found that the drag coefficients of the three-cylinder model are generally 1.3–1.5 times those of the single circular cylinder for different Reynolds numbers. Comparing the numerical results with water tank test data, the results of the three-cylinder model are closer to the experiment results than the single cylinder model results.     

Comparison of finite difference and pseudo-spectral methods in forward modelling based on metal ore model of random media

With more applications of seismic exploration in metal ore exploration,forward modelling of seismic wave has become more important in metal ore.Finite difference method and pseudo-spectral method are two im-portant methods of wave-field simulation.Results of previous studies show that both methods have distinct ad-vantages and disadvantages:Finite difference method has high precision but its dispersion is serious;pseudo-spectral method considers both computational efficiency and precision but has less precision than finite-diffe-rence.The authors consider the complex structural characteristics of the metal ore,furthermore add random media in order to simulate the complex effects produced by metal ore for wave field.First,the study introduced the theories of random media and two forward modelling methods.Second,it compared the simulation results of two methods on fault model.Then the authors established a complex metal ore model,added random media and compared computational efficiency and precision.As a result,it is found that finite difference method is better than pseudo-spectral method in precision and boundary treatment,but the computational efficiency of pseudo-spectral method is slightly higher than the finite difference method.     

广西岩石可钻性分级研究初探

岩石可钻性的合理分级,是正确选择钻进方法、技术参数、钻头类型和制定合理的生产与物化定额、专核钻探生产技术与经济指标的科学依据。利用与岩石可钻性密切相关的物理力学性质—压入、摆球硬度、研磨性、塑性系统与声学特性为自变量,以微钻钻速为因变量,在计算机上进行一元和多元回归分析,建立其数学模型,以此将不同岩石划分为12级。这种方法具有较强的模拟性、代表性和较大的适用范围。     

基于Grubbs准则和区间搜索的双频GPS周跳探测

GPS周跳是影响监测成果精度的重要因素之一,其多值性及如何判断各自频率上的周跳尤为重要。本文针对双频周跳探测,以ΔΦ=ΔN₁－(λ₂/λ₁)ΔN₂为主方程,提出一种通过Grubbs准则探测ΔN₁、ΔN₂异常值的方法来约束双频周跳ΔN₁、ΔN₂的搜索范围,通过计算满足主方程整数解的方式探测周跳。通过采样率为1 s、5 s和15 s的GPS数据进行验证,结果表明,采用本文方法不仅可以解决普通周跳和特殊周跳的多值问题,而且能准确探测各频率上的周跳,计算准确率达100%。     

Joint inversion of magnetotelluric and fullwaveform seismic data based on alternating cross-gradient structural constraints

Magnetotelluric(MT)inversion and seismic inversion are important methods for the interpretation of subsurface exploration data,but separate inversion of MT and seismic produces ambiguous and non-unique results due to various factors.In order to achieve accurate results,the authors propose a joint inversion method of two-dimensional MT and seismic data in the frequency domain.The finite element method is used for numerical simulation of electromagnetic data in the forward modelling,and the Gauss-Newton method is used for the inversion.The 9-point-finite-difference method is used to solve the seismic wave field in the acoustic wave equation,and the inverse problem of seismic data is solved by full waveform inversion with a conjugate gradient,a simple and fast method.Cross gradient functions are used to provide constraint structure between resistivity and velocity parameters to carry out the joint inversion.The joint inversion algorithm is tested by double-rectangular model synthesis data,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results show that the joint inversion results are better than those from separate inversion.The algorithm is applied to a geophysical model of a metalliferous deposit in Jinchuan and is compared with the separate inversion results.It shows that the results obtained with joint inversion are much closer to the real model.