北方用维尼纶苗帘培育海带夏苗的实验研究

根据南方和北方海带夏苗培育采用苗帘苗绳差异,在山东烟台国家级海带良种场海带育苗基地进行两种夏苗培育工艺的实验研究。在同一个育苗车间内,利用种海带采集游孢子并附苗,跟踪观测维尼纶苗帘和棕绳苗帘对海带育苗期间配子体发育、孢子体(幼苗)生长的影响,并比较两种不同苗帘育苗成本差异。结果显示:相同育苗条件下,维尼纶苗帘采苗后,配子体发育速度、孢子体形成速度显著优于棕绳苗帘上的配子体和孢子体;转化孢子体后,在育苗第15~31天时间内,维尼纶苗帘海带幼苗相对生长速率(RGR)显著大于棕绳苗帘幼苗(P0.05);维尼纶苗帘幼苗经55天培育,幼苗平均长度长至1.53 cm±0.13 cm,达到出库下海暂养规格,此时棕绳帘幼苗平均长度约0.47 cm±0.03cm。至70天,棕绳苗帘幼苗平均长度约1.78 cm±0.19 cm,维尼纶绳苗帘幼苗平均长度达7.87 cm±1.35cm,显著大于棕绳苗帘幼苗。采用维尼纶苗帘育苗,每1m3育苗水体育苗量约为60万株,综合育苗成本约为23元/万株,采用棕绳苗帘育苗,每1m~3育苗水体育苗量约40万株,综合育苗成本约为31元/万株。综上所述,北方采用维尼纶帘进行海带育苗在生产上具有可行性,并且可降低生产成本约25.8%。     

厦门文昌鱼人工繁育批量生产技术研究

2005年5月21日至7月6日从厦门市翔安区欧厝附近海域采集文昌鱼亲体6批共计550余尾，移入室内进行强化培育．7月16日和17日夜间，培育的亲体自然排放精卵并受精，共获得受精卵125万粒．受精卵孵化获得浮游幼体115万尾，孵化率达92．0％．孵化的幼体经25d较高密度人工培育，获得99．2万尾体长0．31～0．72cm的文昌鱼苗及未成苗浮游幼体；分苗疏养后，又经28d继续培育，存活的幼体几乎全部潜入沙层中，最终获得体长0．55～1．30cm的厦门文昌鱼潜沙苗23．2万尾，其53d育苗成活率达20．7％．这是国内外首次人工培育获得成批量的文昌鱼增养殖苗种．进而于2005年11月6日向厦门文昌鱼自然保护区实施了国内外首次的文昌鱼资源人工增殖放流．     

大石花菜切段密度对育苗的影响

为了促进大石花菜Ｇｅｌｉｄｉｕｍ　ｐａｃｉｆｉｃｕｍ　Ｏｋａｍ育苗的效果，本文就不同的切段密度对切段的再生、附着、切段苗的生长以及直立苗的形成与生长的影响，探索育苗适宜的切段密度。１材料与方法大石花菜采自浙江普陀山和朱家尖中低潮带石沼。种藻的暂养、切段制备、育苗及管理同文献［２］。在３０ｃｍ×３ｃｍ的竹片上，分别放置０．３ｃｍ的切段１５，３０，４５和６０段，即，切段的密度分别为０．１７，０．３３，０．５０和０．６７段／ｃｍ２，进行室内育苗和海上培苗的试验。测定的指标及方法同文献［２］。室内育苗的…     

三沙育苗室海带育苗水系中微生物数量的监控

针对海带夏苗致病与育苗水系中细菌大量繁殖有密切的关系,于1984年在福建三沙海带育苗室同时从微生物、生理生态和培养技术三个方面对水系中微生物进行监控,具体步骤为:1.小心地抽出,古海况及气象条件不佳时,即停止抽水;2.育苗海水要经黑暗沉淀和过滤;3.种海带必须健康清洁,将首批放散的孢子水排掉不用,而以第二批孢子水采苗;4.育苗苗帘须经过严格漂洗和消毒。通过以上措施取得育苗的成功。     

花尾胡椒鲷的大规模生产性早繁育苗

2003年2月28日至4月15日于湛江东海岛进行了花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhinchuscinctus)大规模生产性人工早繁育苗的研究。研究选取网箱养殖的成熟健壮亲鱼,强化培养一段时间后,采用LRH-A2,HCG进行人工催产,自然受精后放在30m3的育苗池中培养15d,再转移到室外高位池中培养。育苗获得平均体长40mm的鱼苗33.3万尾,育苗成活率为12.8%。     

春季繁殖期两茬贻贝苗的培育

七十年代以来,我国贻贝养殖如雨后春笋,蓬勃发展,针对苗源供应不足的情况,有关单位相继开展了开发自然苗场及人工育苗的研究。为了充分发挥育苗设施的作用,当前贻贝人工育苗一般是从三方面进行研究的:(1)提高单位育苗水体的产量;(2)增大海上养育幼苗的保苗效果;(3)争取一年培育多茬苗。对于培育多茬苗,过去我们已成功地培     

群众性简易池对虾人工育苗技术

近些年有相当数量的正规对虾育苗厂在我国沿海各主要养殖地陆续兴建。舟山有近4万亩对虾面积,就有平均投资百万元左右的正规对虾育苗厂8家。继而由于对虾育苗的不稳定性,对虾养殖场分布的不均匀性,影响了部分虾塘对虾苗的及时放养。为了弥补这一局限,出现了一些群众性的土法上马的简易对虾育苗场。这种育苗场利用多种废弃水泥池,如报废的紫菜育苗池。闲置的水产盐制品加工池等,加以适当改造,改建成育苗池。具有因地制宜,投资少(一般6～7万元)设备简易等特点。有效地补充了正规育苗厂的某些不足;给一些附近偏僻虾场带来了方便;并随着科技人员下乡搞科技服务,使虾类育苗技术逐渐普及到群众,为推动对虾养殖业的蓬勃发展作出了一定贡献。     

褐藻酸降解菌的研究 Ⅱ.海带夏苗培育中褐藻酸降解菌与烂苗的关系

海带人工育苗是发展我国海带养殖事业的一个重要环节。在人工培育海带幼苗过程中,时常出现烂苗或掉苗现象。多年来,这个问题在南方或北方都存在,严重时甚至可以使整个育苗工作陷入困境,给育苗和供苗工作带来严重威胁。过去,有关育苗单位力图从管理措施上严加控制。但由于对烂苗或掉苗的基本原因缺乏认识,工作难免盲目,预防效果也极不显著,至今尚未获得妥善解决办法。烂苗或掉苗现象,是一个复杂的问题。但     

山东省刺参增养殖技术发展现状

刺参是我国传统的名贵海产品,具有很高的食用和药用价值,价格高、市场容量大.为开发近海这一资源,原农牧渔业部曾于80年代初组织全国刺参增养殖技术攻关并取得重大成果.大水体刺参人工育苗(0.5cm)技术突破3000头/M2以上,地播增殖也有创新技术,为刺参增养殖生产奠定了基础.此后的近20年来,广大渔民和科技工作者的生产实践和科学试验使这项技术不断丰富与完善.参苗育成量逐年增多,仅长岛县年培育量就达6000-8000万头,育苗水平也大有提高,不少场家已达4000-5000头/M2,而且苗种的规格质量也更高(体长1cm以上).增养殖方式也从单一的潮下带地播增殖发展为多种养殖技术.     

虾蛄人工育苗在我国获得成功

一向在餐桌上受人喜爱、味道鲜美、营养丰富的虾蛄,已由国家海洋局第一海洋研究所研究人工繁殖、育苗获得成功,育出虾蛄苗2万尾,为今后我国人工养殖虾蛄迈出了关键的一步。 虾蛄俗称虾爬子,又称东方虾蛄,属口足类甲壳动物。随着近年来对虾、扇贝养殖品种     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.