西藏冈底斯构造带申扎一带寒武系火山岩的发现及其地质意义

冈底斯构造带中段申扎一带存在下奥陶统阿雷尼格阶最底部的笔石化石带Tetragraptus approximatus,其下伏有一套浅变质的火山-碎屑岩地层,对其中的流纹岩采用锆石LA-ICP-MS测年,获得14个点的加权平均206Pb/238U年龄为（500.8±2.1）Ma,首次确定了冈底斯中西部地区寒武系的存在。根据地层组成初步分析,其形成时处于浅海相沉积环境,为活动构造背景,同时指出冈底斯构造带寒武系的存在并非是局部现象,很可能有一定的分布范围。     

青藏高原中南部前寒武系及古生界岩石地层组成和时代特征

对青藏高原中南部北羌塘、南羌塘、冈底斯、仲巴、喜马拉雅和昌都6个地区前寒武系及古生界岩石地层的组成和时代特征进行分析,总结了117个群组级岩石地层单位的岩性组合和时代特征,梳理地层划分对比中存在的相关问题。通过调查认为,前人划定的前寒武纪基底大多不再具有典型的变质或结晶基底特征,北羌塘可能具有相对稳定的基底,下古生界包括部分奥陶系和志留系,上古生界不整合在下古生界之上,发育早泥盆世晚期地层及中—上泥盆统、上石炭统和二叠系。南羌塘地区基底性质不明,下古生界以“残块”形式出露在玛依岗日一带,上古生界在南羌塘地区西部和东部一带表现样式不同,在西部日土一带具稳定沉积特点,东部双湖一带为“基质+块体”的俯冲增生杂岩。冈底斯地区,拉萨地块(中部)和聂荣微地体具前寒武纪基底,新元古代末—寒武纪发育一套“双峰式”火山岩,奥陶系可能不整合在前奥陶系之上,奥陶纪—二叠纪均为海相(或海陆过渡相)沉积。仲巴微地体自下而上可由上震旦系—寒武系片岩构造层、奥陶系—泥盆系变质碳酸盐岩构造层、石炭系—二叠系构造层组成。喜马拉雅地区具有较稳定的前寒武系结晶基底,中奥陶世—晚二叠世均沉积一套海相地层。昌都地区可能存在前寒武系基底,下古生界仅零星出露下奥陶统和志留系,上古生界除乐平统与瓜德鲁普统之间为假整合接触外,其余均为较连续的海相沉积地层。     

川西北微细浸染型金矿集中区地层在金成矿中的作用

通过分析川西北金矿集中区的地层在金成矿中的作用 ,指出金矿成矿物质是多源的 ,且以寒武系及其下伏地层为主要物源 ;构造 -岩浆活动是地层中成矿物质活化、迁移的主要动力源 ,浅部赋矿地层的物理化学性质是金成矿的关键因素。     

五科1井下古生界流体包裹体特征与天然气成藏期分析

五科1井位于四川盆地川东高陡构造带五百梯构造,钻达寒武系地层,并在下志留统小河坝组角砾泥岩中发现天然气藏。通过对该井下古生界地层裂缝充填物的系统取样分析,发现志留系样品包裹体均一温度为210℃左右,含有大量天然气,而寒武系包裹体样品均一温度较低,为150℃左右,不含天然气。综合包裹体信息和地质研究认为,五科1井下志留统小河坝组气藏中的天然气来自龙马溪组黑色页岩,成藏期为燕山晚期。下寒武统源岩对中上寒武统以上地层天然气成藏没有贡献。     

川西北微细浸梁型金矿集中区地层在金成矿中的作用

通过分析川西北金矿集中区的地层在金成矿中的作用，指出金矿成矿物质是多源的，且以寒武系及其下伏地层为主要物源；构造-岩浆活动是地层中成矿物质活化、迁移的主要动力源，浅部赋矿地层的物理化学性质是金成矿的关键因素。     

新疆北山地区三架山韧性剪切带构造变形特征及控矿意义

为进一步查明北山造山带北缘三架山韧性剪切带的构造运动学特征及控矿意义,在充分收集前人工作成果的基础上,通过开展系统的野外地质调查工作,基本查明了韧性剪切构造带的空间分布、物质组成、力学性质,在充分分析研究典型构造现象的宏观及显微构造变形特征基础上结合韧性剪切带内卷入地层变质特征和剪切带内岩石组合特征,认为三架山韧性剪切带属中浅部构造相,总体上反应出逆冲—左行走滑的特征。结合带内已发现的产于前寒武系变质基底的铅锌矿和韧性剪切带内的金矿赋矿特征,认为该韧性剪切带对前寒武系变质结晶基底的活化、古生代火山—沉积盖层的改造起到了至关重要的作用,具有明显的导矿、控矿作用。     

四川峨眉高桥震旦系—寒武系界线

<正> 一、前言 四川峨眉高桥震旦系—寒武系界线剖面位于峨眉山东麓。其大地构造位置居川滇南北向构造带东侧,扬子台背斜西部边缘地带。这里震旦纪和寒武纪地层广泛发育,构造简单,沉积连续,化石丰富,交通方便,是研究震且系与寒武系界线比较理想的地区之一。     

瓦庙坡地区铜矿床地质特征及成因类型研究

<正>矿区位于西坪向斜之北翼,区内出露地层主要为古元古界银鱼沟群一套中浅变质岩系,次为新太古界登封岩群和中元古界汝阳群和古生界寒武系部分地层,区内褶皱复杂,断裂构造相对简单,岩浆活动频繁,铜、铁矿点较多,成矿条件极为有利。矿区内共发现4条铜矿化带,矿化带受控因素主要     

甘肃省早古生代地层简介

这篇简介,系根据甘肃省1∶50万地质图验收汇报提纲整理而成。根据自然地理、构造体系和地质特征将甘肃省分为四个地层区。1.北山区; 2.祁连山区;3.秦岭区;4.鄂尔多斯西缘。各区下古生界发育情况:1.北山区下古生界发育较全;2.祁连山区下古生界最发育; 3.秦岭区有志留系和前志留系;4.鄂尔多斯西缘有寒武系和奥陶系。现按地层系统和地层区自北而南简述如后。一、寒武系 (一)北山区出露有下寒武统、中一上寒武统和未分寒武系,总厚大于3395米。它们分布于马鬃山,与阴山-天山东西复杂构造带一致,西起头吊泉经双鹰山至三道明水。     

龙门山造山带构造地层学研究

龙门山造山带属青藏高原东缘的陆内造山带 ,是一个独立的地层复合体 ,地层记录具有复杂性、混杂性、不连续性、不完整性和分带性等特征 ;根据龙门山造山带地层的构造变形、变位和变质特征以及边界断裂特征 ,可将龙门山造山带划分为 A、B、C三个构造地层带 ,其中 A带位于青川—茂汶断裂与北川—映秀断裂之间 ,属变形变质构造地层带 ,主要由志留系—泥盆系浅变质岩和前寒武系杂岩构成 ;B带位于北川—映秀断裂与彭灌断裂之间 ,属变形变位构造地层带 ,主要由上古生界—三叠系沉积岩构成 ;C带位于彭灌断裂与广元—大邑断裂之间 ,属变形构造地层带 ,主要由侏罗系至第三系红层构成。对不同类型构造地层带采用了不同的地层学研究方法 ,并建立了各个构造地层带的独立的地层系统 ,其中 A带采用构造—地 (岩 )层分析方法 ,B带采用构造片—地层分析方法 ,C带采用构造层序地层分析方法。     

Police, politics, and the right to the city

Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Rb-Sr, K-Ar, H-and O-Isotope systematics of the Middle Riphean shales from the Debengda Formation, the Olenek Uplift, North Sibera

Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ¹⁸O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.     

Influences of the unsaturated,saturated, and riparian zones on the transport of nitrate near the Merced River,California, USA

Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N₂ in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.     

扬子北缘马元铅锌矿床闪锌矿微量元素及S-Pb-He-Ar-C同位素地球化学研究

马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。     

海南长塘岭矿区大坡岩体岩石学、地球化学特征及其含矿性初探

海南大坡岩体位于五指山褶皱带内,主要受昌江—琼海构造带、琼西构造带与潭爷断陷构造带控制.岩石地球化学及岩石学研究表明,大坡岩体形成于海西-印支晚期,岩性单一,主要为中细粒似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩.岩体显示为Ⅰ型花岗岩与S型花岗岩的混合,主体以地壳物质部分熔融为主,形成过程有少量地幔物质加入.元素对的比值及稀土元素配分特征说明岩体钨锡等多金属含矿性可能较差.     

Breakthroughs in the biodiversity, biogeography, biostratigraphy, and basin analysis of the Beaufort group

Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.     

Delivery of Trace Metals (Al,Fe, Mn,V, Co,Ni, Cu,Cd, Ag,Pb) from the Trinity River Watershed Towards the Ocean

The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.     

贵州岑巩羊桥罗家塘杷榔动物群的发现及其后生动物早期演化的意义

岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...