风云二号卫星的冰云光学厚度反演偏差分析

冰云的微物理特性参数反演是云参数反演的难点和热点问题,目前风云二号(FY-2)卫星还没有相关的业务产品。考虑薄卷云覆盖在中低云上的两层云情况,采用六棱柱形状的冰云,在云相态识别基础上,利用FY-2 卫星观测数据,采用双通道算法反演冰云光学厚度。选取2013年8月的EOS/Terra和EOS/Aqua云参数产品对反演的FY-2云光学厚度精度进行比对分析。研究结果表明,联合FY-2的可见光通道和中波红外通道可反演冰云光学厚度。基于匹配得到的34个分析个例,FY-2反演的云光学厚度分布态势与EOS/ MODIS云产品相同,但FY-2云光学厚度反演值小于EOS/MODIS 云光学厚度产品值。FY-2 反演云光学厚度与EOS/MODIS云光学厚度产品的平均偏差为6.41,相关系数平均为0.92,线性拟合平均斜率为0.74。FY-2 与EOS/MODIS云光学厚度值偏差出现原因除了反演算法存在差异外,与反演所用数据的不同存在密切关系,基础观测数据越相近,FY-2 与EOS/MODIS云光学厚度反演结果的偏差越小。     

风云二号卫星的冰云光学厚度反演偏差分析北大核心CSCD

冰云的微物理特性参数反演是云参数反演的难点和热点问题,目前风云二号(FY-2)卫星还没有相关的业务产品。考虑薄卷云覆盖在中低云上的两层云情况,采用六棱柱形状的冰云,在云相态识别基础上,利用FY-2卫星观测数据,采用双通道算法反演冰云光学厚度。选取2013年8月的EOS/Terra和EOS/Aqua云参数产品对反演的FY-2云光学厚度精度进行比对分析。研究结果表明,联合FY-2的可见光通道和中波红外通道可反演冰云光学厚度。基于匹配得到的34个分析个例,FY-2反演的云光学厚度分布态势与EOS/MODIS云产品相同,但FY-2云光学厚度反演值小于EOS/MODIS云光学厚度产品值。FY-2反演云光学厚度与EOS/MODIS云光学厚度产品的平均偏差为6.41,相关系数平均为0.92,线性拟合平均斜率为0.74。FY-2与EOS/MODIS云光学厚度值偏差出现原因除了反演算法存在差异外,与反演所用数据的不同存在密切关系,基础观测数据越相近,FY-2与EOS/MODIS云光学厚度反演结果的偏差越小。     

基于非线性算法的FY 3A/VIRR SST反演

利用非线性算法实现了FY-3A/VIRR数据的海洋表面温度SST产品的反演.对2010年的全球船舶站观测数据和FY-3A/VIRR数据建立匹配数据集,选择单月的匹配数据采用多元回归模型计算得到了适用于FY-3A/VIRR数据的非线性海表温度反演算法NLSST的系数,能够实现FY-3A/VIRR数据的高精度SST产品反演.并利用独立于反演算法的双月匹配数据采用最小绝对偏差方法通过线性模型对SST算法的精度进行检验,结果显示白天和夜间的偏差分别为0.05℃和-0.05℃,绝对偏差在0.50℃以下,标准偏差在0.65℃以下.通过文中实现的算法反演了VIRR数据的SST产品,并和MODIS的官方产品进行比较,结果显示两种SST产品具有很高的一致性.     

FY-3A/VIRR反演云微物理特征及与TERRA/MODIS反演结果的比较

利用FY-3A/VIRR多光谱资料反演了云微物理参数,针对2009年4月18日和5月21日两个个例,选取深厚积云、高、中、低云作为分析对象,并与TERRA/MODIS反演结果进行了比较,分析了FY-3A的可靠性和稳定性.结果表明:(1)FY-3A反演的云微物理参数形成的可视化RGB合成图,色彩层次较为丰富,与TERRA...     

基于FY3\VIRR数据的积雪遥感监测分析

以FY-3可见光与红外辐射计(VIRR)为主要数据,利用FY3\VIRR 1、6、10通道数据,以指数法和光谱阈值相结合的多光谱积雪监测算法对2013年阿勒泰地区卫星数据进行积雪监测处理。处理结果与MODIS积雪监测业务产品对比分析得出:利用FY3\VIRR可以实现对研究区的积雪遥感监测,监测结果与现有MODIS积雪监测业务产品较一致,具有可比性。     

MODIS多光谱云相态识别技术的应用研究

介绍了卫星多光谱云相态识别的基本原理, 并给出了EOS/ MODIS云相态识别的流程。针对简单和复杂云场, 利用个例并结合无线电探空资料与MODI S三通道合成图肯定了多光谱云相态识别的合理性和实际效果。文中对几个特定天气系统(西南涡旋和西太平洋台风)下大面积云场相态分析的结果表明:多光谱云相态识别技术有一定应用价值, 且需要引入可见光技术来减少红外谱段对多层云覆盖和薄卷云的相态分析误差。     

基于FY3\VIRR数据的积雪遥感监测方法研究 -以阿勒泰地区为例

以FY-3可见光与红外辐射计（VIRR）为主要数据,利用FY3\VIRR 1、6、10通道数据,以指数法和光谱阈值相结合的多光谱积雪监测算法对2013年阿勒泰地区卫星数据进行积雪监测处理。处理结果与MODIS积雪监测业务产品对比分析得出：利用FY3\VIRR可以实现对研究区的积雪遥感监测,监测结果与现有MODIS积雪监测业务产品较一致,具有可比性。     

基于MODIS云产品的AIRS云相态的识别和云量产品的检验

选用中国中东部(95～130 °E, 20～60 °N)午后同一时刻相对应的AIRS与MODIS各15景样本数据,将MODIS在红外波段上四种基于亮温的云识别算法对AIRS晴空像元和云像元中不同的云相态进行区分,分别统计出AIRS不同类型像元中这四种云识别算法的亮温差异,根据AIRS在晴空、水云和冰云三种不同相态下亮温的差异,确定出其阈值,实现AIRS晴空和云相态识别。在此基础上,对AIRS不同云相态下反演的有效云量进行检验和改进。结果表明:运用亮温阈值法对AIRS进行云相态识别能够较好地反映AIRS的晴空和云相态特征,云相态分布与MODIS云相态产品对应效果较好,特别在云边缘区域。对AIRS不同云相态下反演的有效云量进行对比和误差分析后发现:当水云有效云量较高、冰云有效云量较低时,AIRS反演的有效云量误差较大。在误差分析的基础上,提出了AIRS有效云量的偏差订正算法,对AIRS反演的有效云量具有一定改进,为AIRS云产品的应用提供参考依据。      

Comparisons of AGRI/FY-4A Cloud Fraction and Cloud Top Pressure with MODIS/Terra Measurements over East Asia

Fengyun-4 A(FY-4 A), the second generation of China's geostationary meteorological satellite, provides high spatiotemporal resolution cloud products over East Asia. In this study, cloud fraction(CFR) and cloud top pressure(CTP)products in August 2017 derived from the Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager(AGRI) aboard FY-4 A(AGRI/FY-4 A) are retrospectively compared with those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) aboard Terra(MODIS/Terra) over East Asia. To avoid possible errors in the comparison caused by the lower temporal coverage of MODIS/Terra products compared to that of AGRI/FY-4 A over the same region and to account for time lags between observations of the two instruments, we construct datasets of AGRI/FY-4 A CFR and CTP to match those of MODIS/Terra in each scan over East Asia in August 2017. Results show that the CFR and CTP datasets of the two instruments generally agree well, with the linear correlation coefficients(R) between CFR(CTP)data of 0.83(0.80) regardless of time lags. Though longer time lags contribute to the worse consistency between CFR(CTP) data derived from observations of the two instruments in most cases, large CFR/CTP discrepancies do not always match with long time lags. Large CFR discrepancies appear in the vicinity of the Tibetan Plateau(TP;28°–45°N, 75°–105°E). These differences in the cloud detection by the two instruments largely occur when MODIS/Terra detects clear-sky while AGRI/FY-4 A detects higher values of CFR, and this accounts for 61% of the CFR discrepancy greater than 50% near the TP. In the case of CTP, the largest discrepancies appear in the eastern Iranian Plateau(IP; 25°–45°N, 60°–80°E), where there are some samples with long time lags(20–35 min) and fewer daily data samples are available for computing monthly means compared to other regions since there are many clearsky data samples there during the study period.     

FY 3A三个通道资料反演水云有效粒子半径的研究

基于水汽吸收波段云的反射率主要依赖于云粒子大小的原理,利用SBDART辐射传输模式和FY-3A极轨气象卫星可见光红外扫描辐射计(VIRR)的通道3(3.7μm)、中分辨率光谱成像仪(MERSI)的通道6(1.64μm)和通道7(2.13μm)所提供的探测数据进行了水云有效粒子半径的反演和比较。发现,1.64、2.13和3.7μm三个通道均能定最反演有效粒子半径的大小,其中1.64和2.13μm通道对大粒子的敏感性较高,3.7μm通道在光学厚度较小时敏感性好。三个通道的有效粒子半径反演产品与MODIS有效粒子半径产品具有较好的相关性。     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

The impact of AIRS atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles on hurricane forecasts: Ike (2008) and Irene (2011)

Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder(AIRS) measurements are a valuable supplement to current observational data, especially over the oceans where conventional data are sparse. In this study, two types of AIRS-retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, the AIRS Science Team product(Sci Sup) and the single field-of-view(SFOV) research product, were evaluated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analysis data over the Atlantic Ocean during Hurricane Ike(2008) and Hurricane Irene(2011). The evaluation results showed that both types of AIRS profiles agreed well with the ECMWF analysis, especially between 200 h Pa and 700 h Pa. The average standard deviation of both temperature profiles was approximately 1 K under 200 h Pa, where the mean AIRS temperature profile from the AIRS Sci Sup retrievals was slightly colder than that from the AIRS SFOV retrievals. The mean Sci Sup moisture profile was slightly drier than that from the SFOV in the mid troposphere. A series of data assimilation and forecast experiments was then conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation system for hurricanes Ike and Irene. The results showed an improvement in the hurricane track due to the assimilation of AIRS clear-sky temperature profiles in the hurricane environment. In terms of total precipitable water and rainfall forecasts, the hurricane moisture environment was found to be affected by the AIRS sounding assimilation.Meanwhile, improving hurricane intensity forecasts through assimilating AIRS profiles remains a challenge for further study.