大兴安岭中段突泉地区早白垩世碱性流纹岩锆石U-Pb定年及岩石成因

LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄表明,突泉地区碱性流纹岩锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄分别为135±1Ma、133±1Ma,属于早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学资料表明,碱性流纹岩具富SiO_2、K_2O和高TFeO/MgO值,低Al_2O_3、CaO和MgO的特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石,稀土元素总量较高,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具右倾的稀土元素分布模式,负Eu异常明显,相对富集Rb、U、Zr、Hf,亏损Sr、Ti、Nb、Ta等元素,花岗岩判别图解上,样品分布在A型花岗岩区;在Nb-Y-3Ga图解上,显示拉张构造环境的A_2型花岗岩的特征;元素地球化学示踪指出,突泉地区碱性流纹岩可能起源于下地壳的部分熔融,结合区域上分布的同时代火山岩及A型花岗岩类,可以限定碱性流纹岩形成于伸展构造背景,并可能与北部蒙古-鄂霍茨克缝合带的演化有关。锆石Hf同位素研究显示,本区早白垩世流纹岩ε_(Hf)(t)值为+4.2～+10.7,其二阶模式年龄平均为0.74～0.76Ga,结合松嫩地块、兴安地块Hf同位素资料,表明兴安地块与松嫩地块具有相似的地壳增生过程。     

内蒙赤峰楼子店拆离断层带下盘变形花岗质岩石的时代、成因及其地质意义——锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素证据

对内蒙赤峰楼子店拆离断层带下盘前人划为前寒武纪岩石的糜棱状花岗质岩石中锆石进行了U-Pb年龄测定和Hf同位素测试,结果显示其时代为晚古生代至中生代。楼子店扎兰营子片麻状花岗岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为253.6±1.2Ma,锆石εHf(t)值为-8.6～-14.6,锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为1.8～2.2Ga;朝阳沟糜棱岩化片麻状花岗岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为150.43±0.79Ma,锆石εHf(t)值为-5.6～-14.9,锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为1.6～2.1Ga;莫里海沟片麻状闪长岩的锆石206Pb/238U年龄为127.6±3.1Ma,锆石εHf(t)值为-5.1～-13.9,锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为1.5～2.1Ga。不同岩性、不同形成年龄的3个样品的εHf(t)值主要为负值,说明这些岩石主要来自地壳岩石的部分熔融。2.2～1.5Ga的锆石Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄表明它们可能主要来源于华北克拉通下地壳物质的部分熔融。结合该区已经获得的锆石U-Pb年龄,将该区古生代至中生代花岗质岩浆作用划分为4个时期:早石炭世(327Ma)、二叠纪(285～252Ma)、中三叠世—早侏罗世(241～184Ma)、中侏罗世—早白垩世(163～125Ma)。早石炭世喇嘛洞混合花岗岩的产出对应于古亚洲洋古生代向南俯冲于华北板块的时期,二叠纪花岗岩是古亚洲洋最后闭合、蒙古弧与华北陆块北缘拼合与伸展有关的岩浆活动的产物,大面积的中三叠世—早侏罗世的花岗岩是西伯利亚与华北陆块碰撞后地壳伸展的记录,中侏罗世—早白垩世(163～125Ma)岩浆活动则发育在伸展构造背景中,与岩石圈减薄存在密切的成因联系。这些新年龄资料将为华北陆块北缘古生代—中生代的地质构造演化提供重要的年代学制约。     

内蒙古中部西乌旗晚石炭世辉长岩-花岗岩系列:岩石成因与地球动力学意义SCIEI北大核心CSCD

辉长岩和花岗岩组成的双峰式火成岩系列通常产出于威尔逊板块构造旋回的诸多伸展周期。基于其岩石地球化学特征示踪伸展地球动力学过程与相关壳幔相互作用的独特视角,本文报道了中亚造山带东段内蒙古中部西乌旗地区新近识别的晚石炭世猴头庙辉长岩-花岗岩系列。SIMS锆石U-Pb定年揭示辉长岩和花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为~307Ma和~305Ma。辉长岩主要由斜长石、辉石和角闪石组成;SiO 2含量介于50.4%~53.4%之间,呈现镁质、准铝质和钙碱性特征;富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素;并具有OIB型全岩Sr-Nd(I Sr(t)=0.704249~0.704330,εNd(t)=+1.73~+3.81)和锆石Hf(εHf(t)=+4.58~+15.16)同位素组成,其锆石δ18 O介于5.75‰~6.61‰之间。这些特征指示辉长岩可能源于俯冲板片流体交代的亏损地幔楔部分熔融。同期花岗岩主要由斜长石、钾长石、石英和黑云母组成;其SiO 2含量变化于76.3%~77.6%,高硅碱、贫铁镁、弱过铝、富钍铀、亏锶钡、Eu负异常,契合典型高分异I型花岗岩的元素地球化学特征;花岗岩具有中等放射性成因的全岩I Sr(t)(0.704923~0.704981)、εNd(t)值(-0.15~+0.57)和锆石εHf(t)值(-2.63~+7.40),以及高的锆石δ18 O(6.44‰~8.06‰)。鉴于元素和同位素特征指示的高分异特征和高演化源区,猴头庙高硅花岗岩可能衍生自中元古代和古生代多期增生物质所组成的复合中基性地壳的部分熔融及其后的结晶分异作用。综合区域石炭纪-早二叠世蛇绿混杂岩和岛弧岩浆岩时空展布格局,晚石炭世猴头庙辉长岩-花岗岩系列记录了内蒙古中部其时因洋脊俯冲引发的弥散性区域伸展事件。一方面,该事件既有别于建造西乌旗早-中石炭世弧-盆体系的板片回退阶段,又迥异于早二叠世大规模后碰撞伸展过程;另一方面,这些周期性伸展事件共同见证了中亚造山带东段晚古生代威尔逊造山旋回的完整历程。     

西藏中拉萨地块晚侏罗世许如错花岗岩地球化学与岩石成因

西藏中部拉萨地块晚侏罗世花岗岩的岩石成因与源区性质目前尚未得到很好约束。本文报道了中部拉萨地块西段许如错岩体的寄主花岗岩和闪长质包体的锆石U-Pb年龄、元素地球化学和锆石Hf同位素成分。许如错岩体寄主花岗岩年龄为155.1±0.7Ma,闪长质包体与寄主花岗岩同期(155.7±0.7Ma)形成。寄主花岗岩属I型偏铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩石,富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,锆石εHf(t)值(-16.6~-6.6)指示其可能来源于拉萨地块古老下地壳物质的重熔作用。闪长质包体为准铝质钙碱性系列,锆石εHf(t)值(-8.9~-3.8)具有总体为负但明显高于寄主花岗岩εHf(t)值的特征,表明这些闪长质包体代表了幔源物质组成的加入。许如错晚侏罗世花岗岩可能形成于班公湖-怒江特提斯洋洋壳在中晚侏罗世向南俯冲于拉萨地块之下,引起幔源物质与中部拉萨地块古老基底重熔所产生的酸性岩浆发生岩浆混合作用形成的。     

满洲里南部中生代花岗岩的锆石U--Pb年龄及Hf同位素特征

满洲里南部地区花岗岩主要由碱长花岗岩、正长花岗岩、二长花岗岩及花岗斑岩组成。采用LA--ICP--MS技术,对满洲里南部花岗岩进行的锆石U--Pb年龄测定表明,该区中生代花岗岩浆活动分为3期:中—晚三叠世(208~239 Ma)、早侏罗世(179~185 Ma)和晚侏罗世—早白垩世(137~151 Ma),与整个大兴安岭中生代花岗岩的年代学格架基本一致,与东部的张广才岭—小兴安岭地区中生代岩浆活动时代也可以对比。锆石LA--MC--ICP--MS Hf同位素研究显示,本区中生代花岗岩的锆石εHf(t)多数为+0.7~+9.5,二阶段模式年龄为0.6~1.2 Ga,表明花岗岩浆主要源于中—新元古代增生的地壳物质。结合额尔古纳地块其他花岗岩的锆石Hf同位素资料,认为额尔古纳地块在中—新元古代时期曾发生一次重要的地壳增生事件,与兴安地块的地壳增生时间为新元古代—显生宙的特点不同。     

内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗坤都地区满克头鄂博组火山岩形成时代与地球化学特征

内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗坤都地区满克头鄂博组火山岩为一套酸性火山熔岩与火山碎屑岩组合。用LA-ICP-MS技术测得流纹质晶屑凝灰岩中锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄值为157.7±1.2Ma,时代为晚侏罗世晚期。地球化学分析结果显示,满克头鄂博组凝灰岩具有高Si、Al,低Ca、Mg的过铝质碱性火山岩特点,稀土元素配分曲线呈平缓右倾型,并具有明显的负Eu异常;富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和高场强元素Th、U,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti,反映火山岩为壳源成因类型。凝灰岩锆石ε_(Hf)(t)=+2.6~+8.6,二阶段Hf模式年龄为590~925Ma,反映其源区物质主要为早古生代—新元古代增生的年轻地壳物质。满克头鄂博组凝灰岩具有A2型花岗岩特征,指示火山岩形成于造山后伸展环境,可能与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合造山后的岩石圈伸展作用密切相关。     

保山地块北部晚白垩世岩浆岩成因及其构造指示：全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素制约

滇西保山地块晚白垩世-古近纪岩浆活动代表了新特提斯演化阶段的一次重要岩浆事件,其岩浆岩成因、源区属性及地球动力学背景尚不明确。本文对出露于保山地块北部漕涧地区的花岗岩类进行了全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素组成研究。2件样品锆石U-Pb年龄结果分别为73.32±0.19Ma(MSWD=0.68)和73.44±0.20Ma(MSWD=1.3)。岩体具有高硅(SiO2=73.76%~74.74%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=8.14%~8.62%)、过铝质(A/CNK=1.15~1.23)特征,在SiO2-K2O岩石判别图解上属钾玄岩系列;明显富集Rb、U及Th等大离子亲石元素和Pb,相对亏损Nb、Ta及Ti等高场强元素;具有强烈的轻重稀土分馏(LREE/HREE=8.5~15.1),球粒陨石标准化配分曲线表现出明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0.29~0.43)特征。锆石εHf(t)值十分集中(-5.0~-3.5),对应的Hf同位素地壳模式年龄tC DM为1352~1496Ma。这些地化特征和Hf同位素组成综合表明槽涧岩体属于晚白垩世S型花岗岩,其可能来源于保山地块中元古代地壳基底的深熔作用,物质来源为富黏土的泥质岩。构造环境判别图解中样品均落入同碰撞花岗岩区域。综合研究表明,保山地块发育有85~83Ma、~73Ma和66~60Ma三期过铝质花岗岩类,预示该地区在晚白垩世-古新世存在持续的地壳伸展减压作用。基于区域大地构造背景,本文提出了如下岩浆岩形成构造演化过程:(1)早白垩世中特提斯洋的闭合导致保山地块西侧地壳增厚;(2)晚白垩世新特提斯洋板片北东向俯冲过程中可能发生过海沟回撤作用,导致先存加厚地壳发生减压熔融,岩浆上侵形成漕涧岩体。综合对比西藏冈底斯岩浆带和腾冲地块同一时代花岗岩锆石Hf同位素数据,表明保山地块基底属性明显不同于腾冲地块和拉萨地块南部。     

桂北圆石山早侏罗世A型花岗岩的岩石成因及意义

桂北圆石山花岗岩中发育大量镁铁质包体.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,花岗岩形成于早侏罗世(179±2Ma).花岗岩的地球化学特征表现为硅含量均一,富碱更富钾、相对富铁而贫镁,具有高的104×Ga/A1比值和Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量,属于A型花岗岩.圆石山花岗岩具有比较均一的Sr、Nd同位素组成(ISr=0.701 7~0.710 8,εNd(t)=-7.77~-4.55).镁铁质包体则显示了稍低的ISr值(0.705 0~0.707 1)和稍高的εNd(t)值(-4.87~-2.63).花岗岩的锆石原位Hf同位素组成为:(176 Hf/177 Hf)i=0.282 62~0.282 70,εHf(t)=-1.68~1.17,相应的Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄TDM2变化于1.25~1.43Ga之间.圆石山花岗岩可能是在伸展环境下由低成熟度的下地壳物质部分熔融所形成.自早侏罗世(~200Ma)以来,伸展作用是华南内陆构造背景的主体,多期次的玄武质岩浆底侵作用可能是燕山期伸展作用的直接诱因.华南内陆早侏罗世时期可能仍处于板内"后碰撞"环境.     

青藏高原北羌塘三叠纪花岗岩中发现新元古代的基底信息:来自锆石SIMS U-Pb年龄和Hf-O同位素的约束

羌塘地块基底研究工作是青藏高原地学领域的难点。羌塘地区是否具有前寒武纪基底一直以来存在着很大的争议,现有的年代学资料虽有报道,但至今仍缺乏统一的认识。本文对北羌塘中部双湖地区花岗岩进行了SIMS锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf-O同位素地球化学研究。双湖花岗岩形成于晚三叠世(~217 Ma),并捕获~828 Ma的锆石。双湖花岗岩具有高的SiO₂、K₂O和低的MgO含量(SiO2=64.00%~69.54%,K2O=4.09%~5.17%,MgO=1.44%~3.34%),具有轻稀土元素富集的配分模式,以及富集的全岩εNd(t)值(-9.6)和锆石原位εHf(t)值(-10.8~-8.1),岩浆锆石的δ¹⁸O值为6.98‰~8.30‰。岩相学和地球化学特征表明双湖花岗岩主要来源于中下地壳的部分熔融。综合区域内时空演化格架以及大量相关地质事实,认为双湖晚三叠世花岗岩形成于后碰撞伸展构造背景。捕获锆石的阴极发光显示较明显的振荡环带,表明来自于酸性岩浆岩;其具有高的不均一的O同位素(δ¹⁸O=8.20‰~10.23‰),Hf模式年龄为1.7~1.9 Ga,表明其源岩是来自古元古代地壳物质重熔形成的S型花岗岩,代表了北羌塘地块的基底。综合区域地质、岩石地球化学特征及其捕获锆石信息,本文认为双湖花岗岩为北羌塘地块可能具有扬子型晋宁期基底提供了重要信息。     

华北克拉通西部基底早前寒武纪地质事件、性质及其地质意义

综合华北克拉通西部陆块阴山地块、孔兹岩带和鄂尔多斯地块基底正、副片麻岩以及鄂尔多斯地块现代河流沙锆石U-Pb和Hf同位素资料,并根据最新获得的鄂尔多斯基底及盖层继承碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素统计分析揭示,该陆块存在古、中太古代陆壳物质,自新太古代以来先后发生了新太古代~2.7Ga、2.55~2.45Ga以及古元古代2.2~2.0Ga和1.95~1.85Ga等多期构造热事件。由基底和盖层中各类岩石中获得的~2.5Ga锆石的εHf(t)多为正值,Hf陆壳模式年龄(t_(DM)~C)介于2.9～2.6Ga之间(峰值～2.75Ga),阴山地块存在～2.7Ga的岩石,鄂尔多斯地块基底有～2.7Ga继承锆石记录,证明新太古代存在一期重要的陆壳生长。2.55～2.45Ga的岩浆活动在西部陆块不同地质单元基底岩石中均有记录,出现大量壳源花岗岩和幔源岩浆侵入及麻粒岩相变质作用,它们的锆石εHf(t)值由负到正变化大,Hf陆壳模式年龄(t_(DM)~C)除少数接近岩浆活动年龄外,多数明显高于它们的形成年龄,指示了强烈的陆壳再造和一定陆壳生长,岩石组合及地球化学特征反映了汇聚挤压转为伸展环境,类似于华北陆块～2.5Ga广泛的岩浆变质事件及构造背景,揭示了不同陆块碰撞拼合而后转为伸展的构造演化过程。古元古代2.2～2.0Ga期间,沿鄂尔多斯地块北部及东部边缘出现大洋俯冲消减有关的陆缘弧花岗岩类,它们的锆石εHf(t)和t_(DM)~C值变化范围很大,表明在古元古代中晚期鄂尔多斯地块基底仍发生有陆壳增生和再造。此后在1.95～1.85Ga期间,沿鄂尔多斯地块北部的孔兹岩带和东部的中部构造带均发生顺时针P-T演化轨迹的变质作用,证明～1.95Ga鄂尔多斯地块相继与北部阴山地块和东部陆块碰撞拼合为一体,至～1.85Ga发生陆壳抬升与伸展、发生陆壳物质减压熔融的强烈混合岩化和大量S型花岗岩形成,其后发生镁铁质岩墙侵入,标志着华北陆块最终克拉通化完成。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861