Statistical analysis of fracture properties based on particle swarm optimization and Pearson correlation coefficient method

Prediction of reservoir fracture is the key to explore fracture-type reservoir. When a shear-wave propagates in anisotropic media containing fracture,it splits into two polarized shear waves: fast shear wave and slow shear wave. The polarization and time delay of the fast and slow shear wave can be used to predict the azimuth and density of fracture. The current identification method of fracture azimuth and fracture density is cross-correlation method. It is assumed that fast and slow shear waves were symmetrical wavelets after completely separating,and use the most similar characteristics of wavelets to identify fracture azimuth and density,but in the experiment the identification is poor in accuracy. Pearson correlation coefficient method is one of the methods for separating the fast wave and slow wave. This method is faster in calculating speed and better in noise immunity and resolution compared with the traditional cross-correlation method. Pearson correlation coefficient method is a non-linear problem,particle swarm optimization( PSO) is a good nonlinear global optimization method which converges fast and is easy to implement. In this study,PSO is combined with the Pearson correlation coefficient method to achieve identifying fracture property and improve the computational efficiency.     

辽宁南部地区地壳剪切波分裂特征

利用辽宁区域数字地震台网2008-01?2018-12近场小地震波形资料,采用剪切波分裂(SAM)方法计算辽宁南部地区8个台站的快剪切波偏振方向和慢剪切波时间延迟,主要分析营口(YKO)台和盖县(GAX)台的剪切波分裂参数.分析结果表明:1)8个台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向以NE-NEE和NW两个方向为主,其中5个台站的...     

A New Inversion Method of Sedimentary Strata For Deriving Double Parameters and Its Applications

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Calculated Porosity of Volcanic Reservoir in Wangjiatun of the Northern Songliao Basin, NE China

1IntroductionVolcanic reservoirs are widespread in basins from China to the world,such as Songliao Basin,Subei Basin,Bohaiwan Basin, etc in China(Chen,1988;Chen and Li,1996;Dai and Jiang,1997;Dong,1988). As deeper study of volcanic reser-voirs,its calculated porosity is a difficult point for the appraisal of volcanic reservoirs (Dong,1991;Fujita-Yoshihiko,1985;Guo and Liu,1997;He,1999;Li,1999;Liu,1998;Luo and Shi,1996;Tang,1988;Uchida,1992;Wang,1997;Wang,1991;Yan and Yu,1996). Its …     

Calculated Porosity of Volcanic Reservoir in Wangjiatun of the Northern Songliao Basin, NE China

In Wangjiatun area of the Northern Songliao Basin, reservoir space can be divided into three types: primary pore, secondary pore and fissure according to their origins,which can be subdivided into eight subtypes: macro-vesicule,shrank primary vesicule, alteration pore, groundmass corrosive pore, normal structural crack, corrosive structural crack,filled structural crack and groundmass shrank crack according to texture and origin of the pore space. It has characteristic of double pore medium. Volcanic porosities of small diameter samples (with diameter of ca. 2.5 cm) and large diameter samples (with diameter of ca. 21.5 cm) were tested in accordance with the characteristic of volcanic reservoir space. Volcanic porosities for small diameter samples correspond with matrix porosities and those of large diameter samples correspond with total porosities including matrix and fractured porosities. Models of the calculated porosity by acoustic wave or density of volcanic reservoir are established in view of those measured data. Comparison of calculated and measuredporosities shows that precision of calculated porosities is lower for rhyolite and tuffites, and higher for basaltand andesite.Relative errors of calculated porosities by model of large diameter samples are lower than those of small diameter samples, i. e. precision of the former is higher than that of the later.     

混凝土裂缝压电主动传感识别仿真方法研究

采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立含不同裂缝工况的压电-混凝土梁机电耦合模型,通过安装在混凝土梁设定位置的压电激励器输入激励信号并实时采集反馈信号,计算应力波信号值与小波包能量值,分析信号值和能量与损伤工况间的内在关系。结果表明,在混凝土梁跨中垂直裂缝和支座处斜裂缝工况下,压电应力波的信号值随裂缝深度的增加而减小;裂缝宽度增至2~3 mm时信号值会有所减小,随后裂缝宽度增加对其影响不再明显。当在裂缝演化方向上的深度达到梁体纵向中心轴高度时,应力波接收信号衰减明显。将信号相对能量值作为损伤程度因子,有利于分析应力波在病损混凝土内部的传播与衰减机理,能有效检测混凝土裂缝损伤程度。     

A New Inversion Method of Sedimentary Strata For Deriving Double Parameters and Its Applications

The inverse problem of wave equation is the importance of study not only in seismic prospecting but also in applied mathematics. With the development of the research, the inverse methods of 1 - D wave equations have been trending towards the multiple parameters inversion . We have obtained an inverse method with double -parameter, in which medium density and wave velocity can be derived simultaneously. In this paper, to increase the inverse accuracy, the method is improved as follows. Firstly, the formula in which the Green Function is omitted are derived and used. Secondly, the regularizing method is reasonable used by choosing the stable function. With the new method, we may derive elastic parameter and medium density or medium density and wave velocity. Thus, lithology parameters for seismic prospecting may be obtained.After comparing the derived values from the new method with that from previous method, we obtain the new method through which substantially improve the derived accuracy . The new method has been applied to real depths inversion for sedimentary strata and volcanic rock strata in Chaoyanggou Terrace of Songliao Basin in eastern China. According to the inverse results,the gas - bearing beds are determlned.     

A New Inversion Method of Sedimentary Strata For Deriving Double Parameters and Its Applications

The inverse problem of wave equation is the importance of study not only in seismic prospecting but also in ap-plied mathematics. With the development of the research, the inverse methods of 1 - D wave equations have been trending to-wards the multiple parameters inversion . We have obtained an inverse method with double - parameter, in which medium density and wave velocity can be derived simultaneously. In this paper, to increase the inverse accuracy, the method is im-proved as follows. Firstly, the formula in which the Green Function is omitted are derived and used. Secondly, the regulari-zing method is reasonable used by choosing the stable function. With the new method, we may derive elastic parameter and medium density or medium density and wave velocity. Thus, lithology parameters for seismic prospecting may be obtained. After comparing the derived values from the new method with that from previous method, we obtain the new method through which substantially improve the derived accuracy . The new     

2017年武隆5.0级地震序列剪切波分裂研究

利用流动台及原有固定台记录的数字波形资料,采用SAM分析方法对武隆5.0级地震序列进行剪切波分裂特征研究,得到震区5个台站共94对剪切波分裂参数。研究结果表明,武隆震区快剪切波偏振方向总体呈NW向,受区域主压应力场的控制作用较为明显,而第一优势偏振方向由NW向转为NNW向可能是受该区域多条NE向断裂及复杂构造的综合影响;震中东、西两侧台站的快波偏振优势方向呈现一定的空间分布变化;快波偏振方向在震后早期较为离散,后期呈现逐步收敛的趋势,显示震后应力场逐步趋于稳定;在较强余震发生前,时间延迟具有上升趋势,其中部分较强余震前的短时间内还观测到时间延迟减小的现象,这可能反映震前应力场增强和临震应力释放;慢波时间延迟与震源深度的关系不明显。     

瞬态瑞雷面波和高密度电法在岩土工程勘察中的应用

介质有较明显波阻抗差和介质存在电阻率差异分别是应用瞬态瑞雷面波法和高密度电法的地球物理前提。在济南国际机场项目中应用了这两种方法,质检证明,工作质量满足规范要求。按其资料解释结果,工作区内地层横向变化不大,上部15m大致可分为8层。这与用其他手段的探测资料相吻合。     

近地表弹性介质瑞雷波勘探研究进展与展望

瑞雷波法已在研究地球内部结构、近地表地球物理工程和超声无损检测等领域中获得了广泛应用,尤其是近年来瑞雷波法作为近地表场地表征新兴领域的前沿技术已成为国际学术研究与应用的热点。对国内外近地表弹性介质瑞雷波勘探的主要研究成果与进展进行了综述,通过对瑞雷波勘探现有的研究成果和进展密切追踪发现当前近地表瑞雷波勘探主要基于水平地表弹性水平层状介质模型,利用单分量瑞雷波相速度频散曲线单目标反演获得一维横波速度剖面和相关岩土力学参数。但是,该方法也存在着现有瑞雷波频散曲线反演极易出现模式误识别、现有单分量单目标瑞雷波反演未充分利用多分量信息、现有瑞雷波相速度反演未充分利用群速度传播特性、现有瑞雷波反演未充分利用质点椭圆极化振动特性等挑战性学术难题和不足。基于上述问题,建议未来近地表弹性介质瑞雷波勘探重点研究方向应集中在进行多模式表面波全速度谱反演研究、多站多分量表面波相速度多目标全速度谱反演研究、单站多分量表面波群速度多目标全速度谱反演研究和单站多分量表面波椭圆极化振动特性多目标反演研究。由此构建新的近地表多分量瑞雷波多目标全速度谱反演理论,引领多分量瑞雷波多目标反演学科前沿,拓展现有单分量瑞雷波单目标反演理论范畴,推动多分量瑞雷波高精度实用勘探技术的发展。      

REPRESENTATION OF STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF WAVE GROUPS FOR SEA PROCESSES WITH DOUBLE-PEAKED SPECTRA

A method using group-induced second-order long waves(GSLW) to represent statistical properties of wave groups with double-peaked spectra is put forward in this paper on the basis of the GSLW theory. The GSLW is regarded as a weighted linear superimposition of the second-order long Wave induced by the low peak frequency section and that induced by the high peak frequency section. There is a parabolic relationship between the GSLW and the wave envelope. Then the probability density function and the distribution function of the GSLW amplitude are derived. Thus the formulas for the average time duration and the mean length of runs can be derived. Good agreement between theoretical results and measured values was achieved. as verified with the measured double-peaked spectra in different regions.     

Experimental wave attenuation study over flexible plants on a submerged slope

Using plants is a kind of environmentally-friendly coastal protection to attenuate wave energy. In this paper, a set of experiments were conducted to investigate the wave attenuation performance using flexible grasses on a submerged slope, and the wave attenuation coefficient for these experiments was calculated for different still water depths, slope and grass configurations. It was found that the slope plays a significant role in wave attenuation. The wave attenuation coefficient increases with increasing relative row number and relative density. For a small relative row number, the two configurations from the slope top to its toe and from the slope toe to its top performed equally to a large extent. For a medium relative row number, the configuration from the slope toe to its top performed more poorly than that from the slope top to its toe; however, it performed better than that from the slope top to its toe for a high relative row number. With a single row of grasses close to the slope top from the slope toe, the wave attenuation coefficient shows double peaks. With increasing grass rows or still water depth, the grass location corresponding to the maximum wave attenuation coefficient is close to the slope top. The dimensional analysis and the least square method were used to derive an empirical equation of the wave attenuation coefficient considering the effect of relative density, the slope, the relative row number and the relative location of the middle row, and the equation was validated to experimental data.     

Distribution of the nonlinear random ocean wave period

Because of the intrinsic difficulty in determining distributions for wave periods, previous studies on wave period distribution models have not taken nonlinearity into account and have not performed well in terms of describing and statistically analyzing the probability density distribution of ocean waves. In this study, a statistical model of random waves is developed using Stokes wave theory of water wave dynamics. In addition, a new nonlinear probability distribution function for the wave period is presented with the parameters of spectral density width and nonlinear wave steepness, which is more reasonable as a physical mechanism. The magnitude of wave steepness determines the intensity of the nonlinear effect, while the spectral width only changes the energy distribution. The wave steepness is found to be an important parameter in terms of not only dynamics but also statistics. The value of wave steepness reflects the degree that the wave period distribution skews from the Cauchy distribution, and it also describes the variation in the distribution function, which resembles that of the wave surface elevation distribution and wave height distribution. We found that the distribution curves skew leftward and upward as the wave steepness increases. The wave period observations for the SZFII-1 buoy, made off the coast of Weihai (37°27.6′ N, 122°15.1′ E), China, are used to verify the new distribution. The coefficient of the correlation between the new distribution and the buoy data at different spectral widths (ν=0.3−0.5) is within the range of 0.968 6 to 0.991 7. In addition, the Longuet-Higgins (1975) and Sun (1988) distributions and the new distribution presented in this work are compared. The validations and comparisons indicate that the new nonlinear probability density distribution fits the buoy measurements better than the Longuet-Higgins and Sun distributions do. We believe that adoption of the new wave period distribution would improve traditional statistical wave theory.     

含裂纹故障多自由度齿轮系统的动力学分析

为探讨齿轮系统裂纹故障的非线性动力学机理,研究含裂纹故障的四自由度齿轮系统的动力学特性,考虑时变啮合刚度及非线性间隙的影响,建立含裂纹故障的齿轮四自由度啮合耦合动力学模型,分析裂纹故障对系统啮合刚度的影响;采用谐波平衡法给出系统的解析解,分析裂纹故障及齿轮系统参数对齿轮传动系统的动力学行为的影响.结果表明,裂纹故障能够引起齿轮系统的幅值跳跃、分岔现象和系统共振,从而为齿轮箱的设计及裂纹故障的诊断提供依据.     

利用重复重力观测资料研究地震活动与地壳的损伤演化过程

利用细观损伤力学模型建立了地壳损伤演化过程与地球重力场变化的关系 ,讨论了利用重力观测资料计算地壳微裂纹密度参数变化分布的理论与计算方法。利用河西地区 1992～ 1999年多期重复重力观测资料对该地区的裂纹密度参数变化进行了计算 ,并将计算结果与该地区的各观测时间段内相应发生的一级以上地震活动进行了对比分析 ,取得了一些有意义的结论和认识。     

Parameterized first-guess spectrum method for retrieving directional spectrum of swell-dominated waves and huge waves from SAR images

A method to retrieve ocean wave spectra from SAR images, named Parameterized First-guess Spectrum Method (PFSM), was proposed after interpretation of the theory to ocean wave imaging and analysis of the drawbacks of the retrieving model generally used. In this method, with additional information and satellite parameters, the separating wave-number is first calculated to determine the maximum wave-number beyond which the linear relation can be used. The separating wave-number can be calculated using the additional information on wind velocity and parameters of SAR satellite. And then the SAR spectrum can be divided into SAR spectrum of wind wave and of swell according to the result of separating wave-number. The portion of SAR spectrum generated by wind wave, is used to search for the most suitable parameters of ocean wind wave spectrum, including propagation direction of ocean wave, phase speed of dominating wave and the angle spreading coefficient. The swell spectrum is acquired by directly inversing the linear relation of ocean wave spectrum to SAR spectrum given the portion of SAR spectrum generated by swell. We used the proposed method to retrieve the ocean wave spectrum from ERS-SAR data from the South China Sea and compared the result with altimeter data. The agreement indicates that the PFSM is reliable.     

Statistical distribution of nonlinear random water wave surface elevation

This study deals with the development of statistical modeling for water wave surface elevation by using a method that combines a dynamic solution with random process statistics. Ocean wave data taken from four NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) buoys moored in the northeast Pacific were used to validate the model. The results indicated that the nonlinear probability density distribution of ocean wave surface elevation derived from the model described the measurements much better than Gaussian distribution and Longuet-Higgins distribution.     

基于光滑粒子流体动力学算法的海浪建模仿真研究

针对传统海浪建模方法中存在海洋表面真实感差、计算复杂的问题,本文进行了基于光滑粒子流体动力学算法（SPH）与移动立方体算法（MC）相结合的海浪建模仿真研究。通过基于空间网格的粒子分配,建立了粒子群单向列表存储结构,在海浪粒子物理量计算时,实现了其光滑核半径内粒子群的快速检索,并基于拉格朗日流体控制方程,进行了海浪粒子受力分析及状态计算;在模拟海浪与环境障碍物碰撞时,将碰撞问题简化为粒子在一定时间段内所经过的路径与障碍物表面三角面片是否相交来进行判定,并假设粒子为理想刚体,采用改进的欧拉方法实现了粒子新位置的动态计算;为增强海浪流体模拟的真实感,在移动立方体节点密度动态计算基础上,依据确定的海浪表面密度阈值,耦合MC算法进行了海浪表面的动态提取,从而实现了海浪三维表面建模与动态演变仿真。通过模拟验证了该算法的时效性与可行性,可为海洋环境信息三维可视化提供一定的参考。     

2013年芦山7.0级地震前重力固体潮参数时空变化研究

以2013年芦山7.0级地震为例,探讨重力固体潮参数的时空分布特征与地震孕育的关系。收集分析芦山震区附近17个台站震前2 a的连续重力观测数据,采用VAV调和分析方法分析计算日波和半日波潮汐参数,主要研究半日波M 2波潮汐因子随时间变化的趋势及空间分布情况。结果表明,芦山地震前M 2波潮汐因子趋势变化空间分布大体呈现上升与下降趋势的四象限分布,芦山地震处于四象限中心部位,可能是由震前存在的“闭锁剪力”引起的区域介质变形或密度扰动所致。